Maria Cristina Fossi Biomarker Laboratory University of Siena

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1 The Plastic Busters Project: moving forward Consortium & Coordination Meeting University of Siena, Sala Consiliare, Siena- Italy April 14, 2016 Maria Cristina Fossi Biomarker Laboratory University of Siena

2 Plastic Busters Story.

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6 Why Plastic Busters? Can Plastic Affect Mediterranean Biodiversity?

7 Impact of Microplastics on marine organisms 1- transport of persistent, bioaccumulating and toxic (PBT) substances from plastics 2- leaching of additives from the plastics such as phthalates 3- physical harm (Wright, et al. 2013) 4- pathogens?

8 Marine Litter: a Global Challenge The main legal and institutional frameworks affecting the Mediterranean on this topic are: (1) Local Agendas 21; (2) national legislation on waste management and environmental protection; (3) the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols; (4) the Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development (MSSD); (5) MEDPOL of UNEP; (6) the EU Environmental Strategy for the Mediterranean and Horizon 2020; (7) the EU Marine Strategy Directive; (8) the EU Thematic strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste; (9) the IMO MARPOL 73/78 Convention Annex V; (10) the GPA and the Regional Seas Programme of UNEP; (11) the Basel Convention GAP There is a general lack of available data on marine wildlife affected by marine litter in the Mediterranean. UNEP/MAP Barcelona Convention RAP on Marine litter in Mediterranean (Istanbul 2013)

9 SDSN University of Siena

10 PLASTIC-BUSTERS 2013 SDSN-MED Flagship Project Evaluate the presence and effects of marine debris, particularly microplastics, in Mediterranean environment using marine organisms as sentinel species Mitigate and reduce the impact of marine litter in the Mediterranean Sea Harmonize monitoring and mitigation activities in the entire basin Implementation of Descriptor 10 (marine litter) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)

11 Microplastics effects on organisms? In the environment: Persistent Organic Pollutants Phthalates Bisphenol A... Measure of intake by organisms Effects at DNA level Effects at Protein level Effects at cellular level Levels of contaminats in organisms Measure of DNA damage Alteration of proteins and metabolism Alteration of cell functions

12 PLASTIC-BUSTERS Main activities in the Mediterranean within the PB Project - Monitoring MPs in Pelagos Sanctuary - Impact on Megafauna - Identification of Hot spot Areas - Impact on Pelagic fish

13 PLASTIC-BUSTERS Monitoring MPs in Pelagos Sanctuary

14 PLASTIC-BUSTERS Impact on Megafauna Fin whale Loggerhead turtle

15 PLASTIC-BUSTERS Identification of Hot spot MPs Areas for Endangered Species

16 PLASTIC-BUSTERS Impact on Pelagic fish

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19 A crucial aspect of the marine litter issue, underlined by the Barcelona Convention within the Regional Plan for Marine Litter (Istanbul 2013) is that : "Marine pollution knows no border, pollution in one country affects all other 21 countries, hence there is a need for a regional approach

20 Plastic Busters Objectives The project will enable to assess the amount, sources, pathways, distribution convergence areas and effects of marine litter (in indicator organisms), and mitigate and reduce the impact of marine litter in the Mediterranean Sea. The Plastic Busters project is strongly linked to Ecological Objective 10 (Marine Litter) of the UNEP/MAP Ecosystem Approach and Descriptor 10 (Marine Litter) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive: monitoring and reducing the presence and impact of marine litter in the marine environment to reach GES by The main objectives and activities focus on: a) addressing the marine litter related knowledge gaps via monitoring; harmonized methods (UNEP/MAP laboratories) b) developing and implementing concrete actions to prevent, reduce Identify concentration areas and remove marine litter; c) actions to enhance the awareness of stakeholders and catalyze change in their perceptions and attitudes towards waste.

21 Promoters Lead promoter: University of Siena (SDSN - MED Solutions) (IT) 15 Partners 7 Countries Project promoters have a strong and inter-complementary set of skills and experience which are key for the success of the project UNEP/MAP with its network MEDPOL designated monitoring laboratories MIO-ECSDE, Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (GR) IFREMER, Institut Français de Recherche Pour L'Exploitation de la Mer (FR) SOCIB, Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (ES) ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (IT) Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, University of Sousse (TN) IWRS, Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (SI) CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Consorzio Lamma (IT) HCMR, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (GR) ISOTECH (CY) Consorzio Mediterraneo (IT) ECNC Land & Sea Group (ES) University of Bologna (IT) FispMed Countries Involved Algeria, Croatia, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Palestine, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia

22 WP2 INFORMATION GAPS AND DATA COLLECTION WP3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS WP4 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL PLAN WP5 AWARENESS RAISING AND EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WP1 COORDINATES AND MANAGES THE ACTIVITIES IN THE PROJECT

23 WP1 COORDINATES AND MANAGES THE ACTIVITIES IN THE PROJECT This work package aims to coordinates and manages the activities in the project, and deals with the monitoring and sustainability aspects (WPL: University of Siena SDSN-MED, MIO) The project will be governed according to the following structures: -Steering Committee (SC) -Project Manager (PM) -Work Package Leaders (WPLs) -Task Leaders (TLs)

24 WP2 INFORMATION GAPS AND DATA COLLECTION ) The main objective of this WP is to address the main information gaps with regards to marine litter at a Mediterranean scale, to evaluate the presence, transport and accumulation paths and effects of marine debris, while using marine organisms as sentinel species and applying a new integrated multidisciplinary modeling and monitoring tool Monitoring the presence and effects of plastic debris in marine ecosystems (Task Leader: University of Siena SDSN-MED, Ifremer and UNEP/MAP MEDPOL designated laboratories) 2.2- Plastic debris accumulation areas and their variability using information mapping (Task Leader: SOCIB) 2.3- Detecting the effects of marine litter on marine trophic webs and fishery resources (Task Leader: ISPRA) 2.4 Investigating the impacts of plastics on human health (Task Leader: SDSN-MED)

25 WP3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS The goal of this work package is to showcase specific prevention and mitigation measures/actions (outlined in the UNEP/MAP Regional Plan on Marine litter Management in the Mediterranean) aiming to reduce the input and impacts of marine litter in the Mediterranean coastal and marine environment. 3.1 Single - use plastic bags reduction (Task Leader: MIO-ECSDE) 3.2 Deposit refund systems for beverage packaging (Task Leader: MIO-ECSDE). 3.3 Fishing for litter, targeted recovery of ghost nets & derelict fishing gear management (Task Leader: Consorzio Mediterraneo). 3.4 Circular economy approach turning plastic marine litter into products (Task Leader: ECNC Land & Sea Group). 3.5 The no-special-fee system (Task Leader: MIO-ECSDE). 3.6 Bioremediation and biodegradation process on plastics (Task Leader: UniBO).

26 WP4 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL PLAN The goal of this work package based on the results of wp2 and wp3, is to assesses the status of the implementation of the regional plan at national, sub-regional and regional level, indentifies, and prioritizes as appropriate additional prevention and mitigation measures to tackle marine litter in the region.

27 WP5 AWARENESS RAISING AND EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT This work package aims at enhancing the awareness and understanding of stakeholders on the different measures to tackle marine litter, promote appropriate decisions and necessary action towards implementing them. Furthermore, within this component educational activities targeted to youth and educators will be implemented. Key to the component s activities will be the strong synergies built with two cutting edge projects the Mediterranea Project and the MARLISCO project Floating platform - Awareness raising activities targeted to marine litter stakeholders (Task Leader: Fispmed- Mediterranea Project ) 5.2. Tailor-made marine litter stakeholder approaches and campaigns (Task Leader: the ECNC Land & Sea Group) 5.3. Educational activities targeted to youth & educators (Task Leader: MIO-ECSDE)

28 Tentative agenda for the Work Packages

29 Expected Results A comprehensive assessment of the status (amounts, composition, and impacts on marine species & human health) of marine litter in the different environmental compartments of the Mediterranean Sea; a GIS database connected to and/or in synergy with other initiatives to contribute to UNEP/MAP data bank on Marine litter. Select several marine organisms as sentinel species and applying a new integrated multidisciplinary monitoring tool. Realize a hotspot analysis/mapping of marine litter accumulation areas in the Mediterranean based on ocean currents and convergence areas (state of the art modeling and satellite based tools), to support the development and implementation of targeted marine litter management measures in the most affected sites. A set of comprehensive recommendations developed based on sound scientific evidence and findings to facilitate effective policymaking at regional, national, local levels with regards to the prevention, reduction and removal of marine litter at the Mediterranean Sea. Strengthened involvement and participation of regional marine litter experts in the development and/or application of harmonized monitoring methods and enhanced ownership of the assessment results a network of partners and marine litter experts established under the umbrella of SDSN and UNEP/MAP (UN). At least 10 demonstration projects showcasing specific prevention and mitigation actions to prevent, reduce and remove marine litter at the Mediterranean Sea such as fishing for litter, collecting fishing ghost nets, setting up deposit schemes, to be implemented in a basin scale. A comprehensive assessment of the status of implementation of the Regional Plan and a package of updated measures to fully tackle marine litter towards a litter free Mediterranean Awareness campaigns carried out in at least 15 countries of the Mediterranean aiming to promote co-responsibility of all stakeholders towards tackling marine litter.

30 Plastic Busters Story.

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32 Reinforce Network Fund Raising strategy New Partners Next Meeting Web Site Supported by

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34 Tentative Financial Plan (a) WPs WP1 COORDINATES AND MANAGES THE ACTIVITIES IN THE PROJECT, AND DEALS WITH THE MONITORING AND SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS Estimated Total Cost Cofinancing in % Cofinancing in % Cost to be financed 1,076, , % 656,360 WP2 INFORMATION GAPS AND DATA COLLECTION 3,431,000 1,509, % 1,921,360 WP3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS SHOWCASING ACTIONS TO PREVENT, REDUCE AND REMOVE MARINE LITTER AT THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 1,463, , % 878,280 WP4 BASED ON THE RESULTS OF WP2 AND WP3 ASSESSES THE STATUS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL PLAN AT NATIONAL, SUB-REGIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL, INDENTIFIES, AND PRIORITIZES AS APPROPRIATE ADDITIONAL PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES TO TACKLE MARINE LITTER IN THE REGION 800, , % 544,000 WP 5 AWARENESS RAISING AND EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2,040, , % 1,203,600 TOTAL 8,810,800 3,607,200 41% 5,203,600

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38 Acknowledgements Supported by

39 Thank you for your attention! Siena