AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RESIN CONCRETE WITH ADDITION OF SISAL FIBRE

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1 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RESIN CONCRETE WITH ADDITION OF SISAL FIBRE M.A.Asha 1, A.Thangadurai 2 and S.Gobhiga 3 1 PG Students Department of Civil Engineering, Karpagam University, Tamil Nadu, India 2,3 Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Karpagam University, Tamilnadu, India Abstract This project was deals with the mechanical strength properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with natural resin for a mix proportions of M25. These materials were chosen to improve the strength of the concrete to obtain sustainability and better quality structure. Concrete made with ordinary Portland cement has some characteristics, it is relatively weak in tension but strong in compression. Hence the tension is taken by reinforcement in conventional concrete. This concrete has some changes in the strength and toughness of concrete due to the addition of natural resin and sisal fibers. Fiber has low density, no health risk, increased specific strength and modulus, less cost, sisal fiber can be used in composites making ropes, mats and carpets, which is easily procured in some countries. The purpose of this project is based on the investigation of the use of sisal fibers in structural concrete to enhance the mechanical characteristics of concrete. To determine and compare the results of concrete containing no fibers and with natural resin and sisal fibers by using several tests workability test, compressive strength test, split tensile strength test, flexural behaviour strength test. A total of five mix batches of concrete containing 1%, 2%. 3%, 4% and 5% of fiber with combination of natural resin were cast and this type of concrete relatively attains more compressive strength. Internal micro cracks are present in concrete and its poor tensile strength is due to propagation of such micro cracks leading to brittle fraction of concrete. In plain concrete and similar brittle materials, structural cracks develop even before loading due to drying shrinkage and other causes. When load is applied the internal cracks propagate and open up due to stress and additional cracks are formed. The development of cracks is the cause of inelastic deformation in concrete. The addition of small closely spaced and uniformly dispersed fiber to concrete can act as a crack arrester and improves its properties. This is type of concrete, which can also be defined as the concrete containing fibrous materials which increases its structural performance. Index Terms Sisal fiber, natural resin, compressive strength I. INTRODUCTION The ordinary Portland cement concrete is a brittle material. It has very low tensile strength, ductility and poor resistance to cracking. Due to poor tensile strength in concrete internal micro cracks are developed which posses brittle in nature it will develop and opens up when load is applied. The addition of small fiber helps to arrest those cracks, increases the structural performance Fig 1 : Sisal plant Sisal fiber in concrete, mortar and cement paste can enhance most of the engineering properties such as toughness, flexural strength and resistance to fatigue, impact, thermal shock and spalling. The physical properties of this fibre have no deteriorations in a concrete medium. Sisal is a fiber obtained from a plant called sisal comes under family of Asparagaceae which look like giant pineapples, and during IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 67

2 preparation of fiber its leaves are cut as close as to the ground. Their green tissues are scrapped by hand or machine and dried clean the fiber with impurities. It produces stiff and strong fibers. It is a first natural fiber which is used in commercial application, in which it is estimated in more than half of the total of all natural fibers used. The fibers of sisal are of 4 to 12μ diameter and the length of 45 to 160 cm. This paper is to study on adoptability of fibers as addictive and natural resin used as water with concrete. Addition of steel will minimize the micro cracks but over a long period, steel gets corroded due to various stresses. This made the need for the usage of organic fibers in concrete which is eco friendly and economic and production cost is also very low. Hence study on sisal fibers with respect to natural resin is been carried out in this project The mixes for addition of different proportions of fiber in concrete with respect to plain concrete for their properties. A choice of selection of natural fiber and natural resin had many discussions and referring many literatures, research papers where studied according to that it have been decided to use sisal fiber for its advantages Fig 2 : Aluo vera gel Fig 3 : Resin water II. LITERATURE REVIEW J. Ritesh 1, B. Harish Naik 2 Materials were hand mixed with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% addition of sisal fiber in M20 and M25 mix design and casted in cubes and cylinders. An increase in compressive strength by 50.53% and 52.51%. tensile strength by 3.416% and 3.904% P. Sathish 1, V. Murugesh 2 The cement in concrete is replaced accordingly with the percentage of 10 %, 20% and 30% by weight of slag and 1% of sisal fibre is added by weight of cement. It has been observed that, the optimum replacement of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Powder to cement is 20 % for M30 grade Velmurugan 1,S.P.Venkatesan 2,P.V.Prakash 3 Evaluation of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength for different fibre length and fibre volume fraction Specimen1 [3mm] Sisal (25%) - coir (15%), Specimen 2 [3mm] Sisal (20%) - coir (20%), Specimen 3[5mm] Sisal (20%) - coir (20%) Jitendra D. Dalvi 1, Uttam B. Kalwane 2, Pallavi Pasnur 3 Fibres used with aspect ratio 50, 75,100 and the percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% were used for the work. Normal M20 mix was used for the study. The experimental work was carried out for twelve different combinations. The obtained specimens were subjected to tests aimed to check the compressive strength. An increase in compressive strength by % and was observed at 1% fibre and 50 A.R. III. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT A.Objectives of the project The main objectives of this project is to determine the mechanical properties of different mix proportion of addition of fiber and resin water in the concrete and to compare the result of compressive strength and tensile strength with the nominal concrete mix (M25) B.Scope of the project To use sisal fiber in concrete as addictive to increase the tensile strength and to reduce the reinforcement in the concrete By using resin water properties may vary and strength of concrete is modified hence resulting in the increase in strength IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 68

3 IV. METHODOLOGY This project involves casting and testing of concrete specimens using different ratios of sisal fiber from 1% to 5% Length of the fiber is 2cm. The methodology explains about the step by step procedure involved in the project which is given in figure 4. The different specimens considered in this study include 54nos, of 150*150*150 mm cubes for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively and 54nos of diameter 150mm, height of 300mm cylinders for 7, 14 and 28days respectively. A.Materials Used Cement used-ordinary Portland cement Cement of specific gravity Coarse of aggregate specific gravity Fine of aggregate specific gravity Sisal fiber length- 2cm Sisal fiber percentage addition - 1%, to 5% to the weight of cement Resin Water cement ratio 0.45 LITERATURE COLLECTION SELECTION OF CHOICE OF MATERIALS USED SELECTION OF % OF FIBERS TO BE ADDED PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS MIX DESIGN M25 B Mix proportions Wate r Cement Table I Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate C.Experimental Study Slump cone Test The concrete slump test is lab or field test that measures workability of fresh concrete. This test is carried out for the workability of specific batch of concrete.the test used to determine the workability of concrete in that specific batch. This experiment is done to check consistency of freshly made concrete. Consistency referred to the ease of work i.e which concrete flows. It is also used to identify the degree of wetness. The dry cement and aggregate will be mixed and after fiber is to be added, mixing will be continued for a minute. Materials are mixed by adding water and is placed in slump cone apparatus in 4 layers and tamped continuously. After that the cone is removed slowly in vertical direction and the difference between both cone measurement and subsided concrete is taken as slump value Slump = H2 H1 H1 = Height of the cone H2 = Height of the subsided concrete m 3 CASTING AND TESTING OF SPECIMENS TESTING OF SPECIMEN ANALYSIS OF RESULT CONCLUSION Fig 4 : Flow chart of methodology Fig 5 Slump cone test Mixing, placing, curing and Testing The dry cement and aggregate will be mixed and after fiber is to be added, mixing will be continued for a minute. Materials are mixed by adding water and is placed in mould The mixing will be continued for a minute and finally the remaining water is added and then mixing have to be continued for extra two IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 69

4 minutes concrete should be Place in the mould and compaction is done by using a tamping rod and care will be taken to see that no segregation of concrete takes through the moulds. The degree of control can be estimated statistically by the variations in test results. The variation in strength results from the variations in the properties of the mix ingredients and lack of control of accuracy in batching, mixing, placing, curing and testing. The lower the difference between the mean and minimum strengths of the mix lower will be the cement-content required. The factor controlling this difference is termed as quality control Compressive Strength Test Table III Compressive strength in N/mm 2 Sample 7 Days 14 Days 28 days M1 0% M2 1% M3 2% M4 3% M5 4% M6 5% Slump cone Test Fig 6 casting of concrete V. RESULTS Table II Slump values Compressive strength N/mm days 14 days 28 days Mix Water cement ratio Slump Value mm 0 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M1 0% M2 1% M3 2% M4 3% M5 4% M6 5% Chart 1 : Compressive strength at28 days Split Tensile Test Table IV Split tensile strength in N/mm 2 Sample 7 Days 14 Days 28 days M1 0% M2 1% M3 2% M4 3% M5 4% M6 5% IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 70

5 Split tensile strength N/mm Days Days 1 28 Days M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Chart 2: Split tensile strength at 28 days [4] Experimental Investigation of Natural Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Construction Industry Balasubramanian1,J.Chandrashekaran2,Dr.S.Sent hil Selvan3 [5] Mechanical Testing of Hybrid Composite Material (Sisaland Coir)G.Velmurugan1, S.P.Venkatesan2, P.V.Prakash3,N.Sathishkumar4 N.Vijayakumar5 [6] Experimental Study on Sisal Fibre Reinforced concrete With Partial Replacement of Cement by Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag P. Sathish1, V. Murugesh2 [7] Effect of Natural Resin on Strength Parameters of Sandy Soil H. Suha Aksoy and Mesut Gor VI. CONCLUSION By adding this sisal fiber 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% it is found that there is a increase in properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Addition of fibers of 3% shows an increase in compressive strength of about % Addition of fibers of aspect ratio 3% shows an increase in split tensile strength about % ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and foremost I thank the Almighty, who has given me the strength to complete this task. Thereafter I would like to express my gratitude for the people who contributed to the success of this study. My guide Ms.S.Goghiga and Mr.A.Thangadurai for his continuous professional guidance in keeping me focused on the research topic, for his support and motivation throughout the project. I thank my parents, family members and friends for their support and encouragement. REFERENCES [1] A study on properties of sisal fiber reinforced concrete with different mix proportions and different percentage of fibre addition J. Ritesh 1, b. Harish naik2. [2] The Effect of Adding Different Types of Natural Fibers on Mechanical Properties and Impact Resistance of Concrete Sarmed Fadhil and Mohanad Yaseen [3] Effect of fibre length and percentage of sisal on strength of concrete Mr. Jitendra d. Dalvi1, dr. Uttam b. Kalwane2, mrs. Pallavi pasnur3 IJIRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 71