Fremtidens (Bio)brændstoffer

Transcription

1 Fremtidens (Bio)brændstoffer John Bøgild Hansen 1 Haldor Topsøe A/S

2 We have been committed to catalytic process technology for more than 78 years Founded in 1940 by Dr. Haldor Topsøe Revenue: 700 million Euros 2400 employees Headquarters in Denmark Catalyst manufacture in Denmark and the USA 2

3 Today biomass to heat is cooking in developing regions 3

4 Catalysis Natural Gas Coal Biomass Steam O 2 CO 2 Air CO CO 2 H 2 Syngas Hydrogen SNG Methanol Ammonia DME Gasoline 4

5 Future We assume + cheap renewable electricity + fossil free + electrochemical cell technology + electricity storage We assume - no major CCS Uncertainties carbon sources? efficient waste management 5

6 Fuel Cell and Electrolyser SOFC SOEC H 2 H 2 O H 2 O H 2 H 2 + O 2- H 2 O + 2e - O 2- ½O 2 + 2e - O 2- H 2 O + 2e - H 2 + O 2- O 2- O 2-2e - +½O 2 ½O 2 ½O 2 6 H 2 + CO + O 2 SOFC SOEC H 2 O + CO 2 + electric energy ( G) + heat (T S)

7 Biogas upgrade by means of SOEC CH 4 + CO 2 + 3H 2 O + El 2CH 4 +H 2 O + 2O 2 7

8 8 Biogas to SNG via SOEC and methanation of the CO 2 in the biogas

9 New EUDP project 40 kw SOEC and 10 Nm 3 /h methane Participants: Haldor Topsøe A/S Aarhus University HMN Naturgas Naturgas Fyn EnergiMidt Xergi DGC PlanEnergi Ea Energianalyse Cemtec Coordinator: Duration: June July 2016 Project sum: 5.3 mio Location: Foulum 9

10 Biogas upgrading demonstration unit Operating in Foulum, Denmark 50 kw SOEC unit for steam electrolysis Catalytic methanisation The CO 2 in the biogas is upgraded to pure methane with pipeline quality. High Exergy Efficiency of 80% 10

11 Size of chemical reactor Nm³/h Hydrogen plant Ca. 16m Electric reformer Fired reformer (HTCR) m

12 Methanol synthesis CO + 2H 2 = CH 3 OH + 91 kj/mol CO 2 + 3H 2 = CH 3 OH+H 2 O + 41 kj/mol 12

13 0.89 Natural gas CO Nm³ Natural gas Nm³ CO CO Nm³ CO kwh/kg MeOH 13 1 MeOH 1 MeOH

14 Methanol from CO 2 and Steam 14

15 Methanol from sustainable sources BioDME Black Liqour to Green DME Demo Black Liq. CO 2 AGR DME Unit WGS Sulphur Guard MeOH Synthesis Water 15

16 Biogasoline Demonstration Plant Green Gasoline from Wood Using Carbona Gasification and Topsoe TIGAS Processes BIOMASS GASIFIER TAR REFORMER TAR REFORMER GASIFIER OXYGEN Gas Cleaning MeOH/DME Gasoline ASH OXYGEN Entire value chain: biomass in à gasoline out 16

17 Thought experiment Biomass GASI FIER TAR REFOR MER N 2 CO2 H 2 CO ~16 MW th ~7 MW th ASH 17 Metanol /DME Gasolin e ~100 bbl/d Gasoline

18 Mass Flows in Wood to MeOH 18

19 Mass Flows in Wood + SOEC to MeOH 19

20 Domestic renewable resources to reach 100 per cent renewable energy by 2050 Danish Commission on Climate Change Policy, 2010 PJ per year Used today (2008) Potential 2050 (recommendation) Wind scenario Gross energy consumption 2008 Gross energy consumption 2050 Energinet.dk analysed high wind scenario 20 Source: Renewable gases as a flexibility provider for the power grid 0 Wind Sun Fluctuating Wave Heat (sun, geo. and heat pump) power production Biomass and waste (incl. slurry) 20

21 Carbon sources Biomass Most probably EJ/year Availability could thus be bottleneck CO 2 Carbon capture and sequestration and air capture Easy from gasification based bio CHP plants Minimum energy required for CO 2 capture from air: 139 kwh/t Very costly (fossil resources) Gas CO 2 from heavy industry (Cement + Steel) Cement production emit 5 % of total CO 2 Steel production emit 4-7 % of total CO 2 21 Breaking the biomass bottleneck of the fossil free society, Henrik Wenzel JBH

22 Synergy between SOEC and ammonia synthesis Ammonia Air H 2 O SOEC Syn Gas Ammonia Synthesis H 2 O Steam 22

23 Ammonia Synthesis Gas Generation by SOEC Efficiency = 77 % on exergy basis 71 % on LHV basis Steam from NH3 loop Steam SOEC 1 SOEC SOEC SOEC SOEC SOEC SOEC SOEC Recycle to SOEC Air Cooler Recycle to SOEC BFW Condensate Syngas to NH3 loop 23

24 Conclusions It is possible to produce Hydrogen, SNG, MeOH, DME, gasoline and ammonia with high efficiency by use of SOEC, gasification and electrical driven methane reforming SNG should be produced by CO 2 + H 2 methanation, whereas methanol syn gas should be produced by co-electrolysis Coupling SOEC with fermentation or gasification can extend biomass potential by a factor of New Solid Oxide Electrolysis based ammonia synthesis process eliminates air separation unit and have very high efficiency We probably need all of above 24

25 Paris Agreement 25