Maximising impact sound resistance of timber framed floor/ ceiling systems Volume 3

Transcription

1 MARKET KNOWLEDGE & DEVELOPMENT Project number: PN4.5 Maximising impact sound resistance of timber framed floor/ ceiling systems Volume 3 This report can also be viewed on the FWPRDC website FWPRDC PO Box 69, World Trade Centre Melbourne 5, Victoria T F February 6

2 Maximising impact sound resistance of timber framed floor/ceiling systems Volume 3 Prepared for the Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation by H. Chung, G. Dodd, G. Emms, K. McGunnigle and G. Schmid The FWPRDC is jointly funded by the Australian forest and wood products industry and the Australian Government.

3 Table of Contents VOLUME 1 Executive Summary... i Preface...iii 1. Project overview Introduction Overview of the issues Overview of existing knowledge The structure of the research report Conclusions of the analyses Successful floor designs Suggestions for further work Technology transfer of outputs References Overview of existing floor system designs and recent research results Introduction Existing low-frequency performance understanding Existing high-frequency performance understanding Existing lightweight floor components in use around the world References Theoretical modelling of a joist floor Introduction Part I: Review of existing models Part II: Our modelling for LTF floor systems Modelling fibrous infill Further comparison of the floor model with experimental results Part III: Modelling the receiving room References... VOLUME 2 4. Floor model analysis Introduction Single figure ratings mm concrete reference floor Floor joist properties... 69

4 4.5 Floor upper layer properties Cavity and ceiling connection properties Ceiling properties Effects of floor span and room size Conclusions of the trend analysis References Analysis of experimental results Introduction Examination of the low-frequency results Examination of the high-frequency results Brief examination of the vibration waveforms observed References Subjective listening tests and assessments Introduction Subjective versus objective testing Previous research on subjective acceptability IEC listening room Objective evaluation of performance Experimental setup The subjects and their task Results and discussion References Questionnaires used in the subjective testing... 1 VOLUME 3 7. Low-frequency measurement results Introduction Experimental setup Experimental technique Experimental results overview dimensional vibration plots Average surface velocity plots References High-frequency measurement results Summary of the measurement of impact sound insulation of floors The results for each measured floor Floor cost comparison...236

5 1. Properties of materials used Panel products Poured-on toppings/screenings Joists Infill materials Ceiling fixtures Floor diagrams and photographs The test chamber Reference concrete floor (Floor O) Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor Floor

6 7. LOW-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT RESULTS 7.1 INTRODUCTION This research is primarily concerned with examining the weakest area of timber floor impact sound insulation performance: low-frequency impact sound. It is difficult to measure lowfrequency sound performance of a floor using traditional methods of measuring the sound pressure in a receiving room and normalising for the effect of the room. This is simply because the effect of the room is uncertain at such low frequencies and hence is difficult to factor out. With the above in mind, and because we would like to examine the performance of the floors in detail, it was decided to measure the vibration response of the floor when driven or excited with a known force. This allows the effect of the room to be removed, and if we measure the vibration of the floor over its surface, also allows us to examine how the floor is reacting to the applied forces. This detail of measurement assists greatly in modelling and generally seeing what is happening in the floors. In this section we describe the experimental procedure used to generate the low-frequency vibration measurements. Plots of the average surface velocity of the floors upper surfaces and ceilings will then be presented, as well as plots of predicted sound pressures in a room below. 7.2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The floors were built in the concrete block test chamber. On each floor an electrodynamic shaker was used to provide a vertical force on the floor upper surface. The shaker was connected to the floor through a wire stinger and a reference force transducer. The function of the stinger is to ensure that only vertical forces are transmitted in the floor, while the force transducer enables us to known how much force is being sent into the floor. The shaker body was mounted on a beam which straddled the floor and rested on supports which sat on the concrete collar surrounding the floor. Vibration isolation of the beam from the concrete collar was provided by very resilient pads made of polyester fibre infill. The shaker was driven with pseudorandom signal with a bandwidth from 1Hz to Hz, for a duration of 2 seconds (to get a frequency resolution of.5hz). The shaker/force transducer setup used to achieve this is shown in Figure 7-1 and Figure

7 Figure 7-1. View of the shaker attached to a floor to send vibrations into the floor. Shaker Force Transducer Figure 7-2 Close-up of shaker and force transducer used to vibrate the floor A scanning laser vibrometer (Polytec PSV ) was used to measure the velocity of the floor and ceiling normal to the surface. A grid with a spatial resolution of 1-14cm was used to obtain a map of the surface velocity of the floor and ceiling relative to the input force; both 169

8 amplitude and phase information was recorded at each frequency. The scanning laser vibrometer used to measure the vibration of the upper surface of the floor is shown in Figure 7-3 and Figure 7-4. The scanning laser vibrometer was also used to measure the vibration of the ceiling surface and this set up is shown in Figure 7-5. Scanning Laser Vibrometer Figure 7-3. Overview of the shaker and the scanning laser vibrometer for measurement of floor vibration response. The scanning laser vibrometer is mounted on a gantry made from I-beams 2.6m above the floor. There are two gantries to enable the whole upper surface of the floor to be scanned. 17

9 Figure 7-4. Close-up of the scanning laser vibrometer as supported in the gantry. The laser vibrometer is supported in a trolley, which can roll along the flanges of the I-beams, enabling the laser vibrometer to be moved to different sections of the floor. Figure 7-5. The scanning laser vibrometer as used to measure the vibration of the ceiling in response to the shaker force. 171

10 7.3 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE For each floor, the shaker was connected to the upper surface through a force transducer as illustrated above. The position on the floor was selected so that the low-frequency modes would be excited. Only one position on each floor was chosen. It is often useful to select two or more positions on a structure to ensure a sufficient number of modes are excited, and to act as a check for results. However, in this case, it would have taken too long to do two complete vibration response scans of each floor. Once the shaker was connected to the floor the scanning laser vibrometer was positioned over the floor upper surface to measure the surface velocity of the floor upper in the direction normal to the surface of the floor. The scanning laser vibrometer was supported in a mobile cradle and mounted on two gantries over the floor so that it point down to the floor and scan the surface. For each can the area that could be measured was about 1.8m by 1.8m, hence eight positions were required to scan the whole surface of the floor. The scanning laser vibrometer measurement equipment was also connected to the force transducer so that the recorded surface vibration is normalised with respect to the force applied. The signal sent to the shaker was a pseudorandom noise filtered by a low-pass filter (Hz corner frequency) with a period of 2 seconds (±s), which matched with the sampling time of the laser vibrometer software. This ensured minimal spectral leakage and a frequency resolution of.5hz. After measuring the upper surface, the scanning laser vibrometer was placed in its cradle on the floor under the ceiling of the floor to be tested, pointing up to the ceiling. It was then used to scan the surface of the ceiling. This was repeated in different positions to cover the whole ceiling. After the scans of the floor vibration were made, the results of the measurements of surface vibration over the floor were extracted from the Polytec scanning software into a form easily readable by other software. The program used to do this was specially written for the project. The data was then compiled by software specially written for this project to enable overall surface velocity of the floor upper and ceiling to be plotted as well as animated pictures of the response of the floor upper surface and ceiling to be generated. 7.4 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OVERVIEW The data available from the experimental results is enormous: there are about measured points each containing 1 vibration frequencies. For the purposes of this report, we will restrict ourselves to examining a frequency range of 1Hz to Hz, which contains the lowfrequency region we are interested in. For each floor we will look at the overall, average surface velocity response to the applied dynamic force. We will also examine some 3D plots of the surface to illustrate some regions of interest. We note that there are two sizes of floors: - floors 3.2m wide, spanning 7m - floor3 3.2m wide, spanning 5.5m. Each floor size has the shaker excitation point located at a different place: for 7m spans it is at 251mm in from the joist ends, and 965mm in from the side of the floor this is designated position C; for 5.5m spans it is at 1875mm in from the joist ends, and 965mm in from the side of the floor this is designated position E. Another floor size was examined, this was only 1.3m long, and the shaker position was position F (4mm in from the joist ends, and 965mm in from the side of the floor). It was 172

11 tested without a ceiling, but was not considered further. The results are included for completeness DIMENSIONAL VIBRATION PLOTS Software was written to allow the plotting of 3-dimensional plots of the upper surfaces and ceilings of the floors for every frequency measured. This software also allows animations of the floors to be produced. An example of this for Floor 1 is shown in Figure Such 3D plots will be produced to illustrate certain aspects of the floors in the experimental analysis section of the report. Figure 7-6. Illustration of mode (1,2) of floor 1. Note that the phase with respect to the force is in this illustration. 7.6 AVERAGE SURFACE VELOCITY PLOTS In this section the data from each measured floor is presented as a root-mean-square average over the entire surface when the force applied to the floor is 1N for each frequency. This way an overall trend can be seen, especially when we are examining different floors. Since different vibrational modes present in the ceiling couple into the room below differently, one other useful thing to look at is the average sound pressure in a room below the ceiling. This is achieved by predicting what effect a rectangular room 2.5m high (with the other dimensions being the same as the floor) would have on the sound produced by the floor. It is assumed that the room has an absorption coefficient of This is concluded to be the approximate case for plasterboard-lined light-framed rooms from work by Maluski and Gibbs (4). 173

12 Floor 2 <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 2 Upper, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 2 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-7. Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 2 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 174

13 <p 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 2, F in =1 N at pos C. Room 7x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-8. Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 2 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 175

14 Floor 3 <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 3 Upper, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 3 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-9. Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 3 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 176

15 <p 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 3, F in =1 N at pos C. Room 7x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-1. Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 3 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 177

16 Floor 4 <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 4 Upper, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 4 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 4 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 178

17 <p 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 4, F in =1 N at pos C. Room 7x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 4 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 179

18 Floor 5 <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 5 Upper, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 5 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 5 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 1

19 <p 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 5, F in =1 N at pos C. Room 7x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 5 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 181

20 Floor 6 <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 6 Upper, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 6 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 6 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 182

21 <p 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 6, F in =1 N at pos C. Room 7x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 6 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 183

22 Floor 7 <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 7 Upper, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 7 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos C. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 7 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 184

23 <p 2 >, 7 x 3.2 m Floor 7, F in =1 N at pos C. Room 7x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 7 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position C and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 185

24 Floor 8 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 8 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 8 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 8 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 186

25 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 8, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-. Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 8 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 187

26 Floor 9 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 9 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 9 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 9 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 188

27 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 9, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 9 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 189

28 Floor 1 9 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 1 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plot in db for Floor 1 as a function of frequency for the upper part of the floor (there is no ceiling). As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 19

29 Floor 11 9 <v 2 >, 1.3 x 3.2 m Floor 11 Upper, F in =1 N at pos F. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plot in db for Floor 11 as a function of frequency for the upper part of the floor (there is no ceiling). As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position F and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 191

30 Floor 12 1 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 12 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plot in db for Floor 12 as a function of frequency for the upper part of the floor (there is no ceiling). As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 192

31 Floor 13 9 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 13 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plot in db for Floor 13 as a function of frequency for the upper part of the floor (there is no ceiling). As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 193

32 Floor 14 9 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 14 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 14 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 14 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 194

33 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 14, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 14 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 195

34 Floor 15 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 15 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plot in db for Floor 15 as a function of frequency for the upper part of the floor (there is no ceiling). As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 196

35 Floor 17 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 17 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 17 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-. Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 17 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 197

36 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 17, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 17 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 198

37 Floor 18 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 18 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 18 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 18 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 199

38 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 18, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 18 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ).

39 Floor 19 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 19 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 19 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 19 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 1

40 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 19, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 19 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 2

41 Floor <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 3

42 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 4

43 Floor 21 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 21 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 21 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 21 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 5

44 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 21 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 21 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 6

45 Floor 22 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 22 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 22 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure 7-. Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 22 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 7

46 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 22, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 22 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 8

47 Floor 23 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 23 Upper, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 23 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 23 as a function of frequency for both the upper part of the floor and the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. 9

48 7 <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 23, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m =.15 1 x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 23 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 21

49 Floor 24 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 24 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : / 8 e m -r ( B d 2 >, < v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 24 as a function of frequency for the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 24, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m = x 2) a : P 6 e -r ( B d 2 >, < p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 24 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 211

50 Floor 25 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 25 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : e m/ 8 -r ( B d 7 2 >, <v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 25 as a function of frequency for the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 25, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m = x 2) : e Pa 6 -r ( B d 2 >, <p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 25 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 212

51 Floor 26 <v 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 26 ceiling, F in =1 N at pos E. 1 x 5 ) s : e m/ 8 -r ( B d 7 2 >, <v Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged surface velocity plots in db for Floor 26 as a function of frequency for the ceiling. As measured by the scanning laser vibrometer, generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ) for each frequency. <p 2 >, 5.5 x 3.2 m Floor 26, F in =1 N at pos E. Room 5.5x3.2x2.5m = x 2 ) : a e P 5 -r ( B d 2 >, <p Frequency (Hz) Figure Averaged sound pressure in db for Floor 26 calculated for a room 2.5m high and with a sound absorption coefficient of.15 over its surfaces. Generated by the force at position E and normalised against the amplitude of the applied force (F in ). 213

52 7.7 REFERENCES Maluski, S., Gibbs, B.M. (4). The effect of construction material, contents and room geometry on the sound field in dwellings at low frequencies, Applied Acoustics, 65, pp

53 8. HIGH-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT RESULTS In this chapter the high frequency measurements of the floor, as done using the standard tapping machine method, are presented in full. Only test floors with a ceiling were measured in this way: it was felt that measuring floors without ceilings using the tapping machine would not have produced informative results for this project. 8.1 SUMMARY OF THE MEASUREMENT OF IMPACT SOUND INSULATION OF FLOORS Method The normalized impact sound pressure levels are obtained in accordance with the recommendations of ISO standard 1-6:1998(E) Laboratory measurements of impact sound insulation of floors. The BK34 tapping machine is placed sequentially in four different positions on the floor. The impact sound pressure level is measured in the receiving room below the floor, using a rotating microphone, in third octave frequency bands. The impact sound pressure levels are normalized against the room absorption. The room absorption is calculated from the reverberation time and room volume. The reverberation time is measured from the decay of a steady state sound field. Results The third octave band normalized impact sound pressure levels Ln are presented in both table and graph formats. Sometimes a highly reflective test sample means that the lower frequency normalized impact sound pressure levels cannot be reliably measured; this is indicated by #N/A in the table of results. Additionally, sometimes the airborne transmission of sound through the floor or loud background noise affects the measurements resulting in only an upper threshold being found; this is indicated by a < sign preceding the tabulated results. Single figure ratings are also presented. The weighted normalized impact sound pressure level L n,w, determined according to ISO 717-2, is presented along with a spectrum adaptation term C I. L n,w is determined by fitting a reference curve to the third octave band normalized impact sound pressure levels L n from 1Hz to 31Hz, and gives a single figure determination of the sound levels which are transmitted through the floor from impacts (higher is worse). The spectrum adaptation term C I is used to suggest the presence of high level peaks in the results over the frequency range 1Hz to Hz, and may be added to L n,w. For massive floors with effective coverings C I will be about zero, for light timber floors C I will be slightly positive, and for concrete floors with less effective covering C I will range from 15 db to db. Another spectrum adaptation term C I,-, which covers the frequency range from Hz to Hz, may also be presented if the low frequency levels are available. The impact insulation class (IIC) determined according ASTM E989 is also presented. This is determined by fitting a reference curve to the third octave band normalized impact sound pressure levels L n from 1Hz to 31Hz, but in a slightly different way to ISO The impact insulation class measures the insulating abilities of the floor so that higher is better (contrary to L n,w ). 215

54 8.2 THE RESULTS FOR EACH MEASURED FLOOR Floor The concrete reference floor Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 14-Sep-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A concrete light weight based timber floor/ceiling system system comprising: 1mm Butt reinforced jointed 15mm concrete plywood floor sheets with a 27mm suspended x 1mm ceiling comprising: fixed with mm mm square long 6mm head Ø threaded screws at rods 1mm fixed centres to steel to plates mm glued x 45mm to the LVL underside joists at of mm the concrete centres. slab The at mm 7m long x LVL mm joists centres, are "simply Rondo supported" ceiling at clips the are ends screwed with timber to the blocking threaded between rods and the 35mm ends of GIB the joists, R ondo the furring joists at channels each side are are held seated in the clips. on 1mm The furring x mm channels timber are plates screw-fixed bolted at at 1m either centres end to the J channels concrete screw-fixed blockwork. The to the floor 25mm cavity x 245mm between timber the LVL perimeter plate. joists 1 is lining lined of with 13mm 2 layers GIB of Standard 1mm thick plasterboard Pink Batts is screw-fixed Silencer Mid at Floor mm bulk centres fiberglass to the insulation furring channels, The ceiling the 2mm ceiling comprises: cavity 2 is layers lined with of 13mm 1 layer GIB of Noiseline 75mm P ink Batts plasterboard R1.8 fixed fibreglass with 41mm insulation. screws The at joints mm and centres perimeter to 35mm are sealed GIB with Rondo GIB Soundseal. steel furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL joists with RSIC clips at mm centres.the perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db <.4 < 23.7 < Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 69 ( -12 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 37 db C I,- = -1 db No. of test report: Floor Bare Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 216

55 Floor 2 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 29-Dec-4 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Butt jointed 15mm plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres. The 7m long LVL* joists joists are "simply are "simply supported" supported" at the at ends the with ends timber with timber blocking blocking between between the ends the of ends the of joists, the joists, the joists the joists at each at side each are side seated are seated on 1mm on 1mm x mm x timber mm plates timber bolted plates at bolted 1m centres at 1m centres to the concrete to the concrete blockwork. blockwork. The floor The cavity floor between cavity between the LVL the joists LVL* joists lined is with lined 2 with layers 2 layers of 1mm of 1mm thick Pink thick Batts Pink Batts Silencer Silencer Mid Floor Mid Floor bulk bulk fiberglass fibreglass insulation insulation The The ceiling ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to to 35mm GIB Rondo R furring steel furring channels channels at mm at mm centres centres and the and steel the perimeter steel perimeter J channel J channel fixed to fixed the timber to the plates, timber the plates, furring the channels furring channels are fixed are to the fixed LVL to joists the LVL with joists RSIC** with clips RSIC at mm clips at mm centres. centres.the perimeter perimeter of the GIB of the Noiseline GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the the joints are are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 61 ( -1 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 49 db C I,- = 2 db No. of test report: Bare floor 2 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 217

56 Floor 3 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 * ** Date of test: 17-Jan-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 3 layers of 13mm GIB Soundbarrier sheets 9mm x 1mm, each layer fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres. The 7m long LVL* joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists at each side are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB Rondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 45 ( 1 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 61 db C I,- = 9 db No. of test report: Bare floor 3 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 218

57 Floor 4 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 4-Mar-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 x 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres onto 7mm x 45mm battens 7mm side down at 4mm centres angle screwed to 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres, the cavity between the 2 layers of P lywood is lined with 1 layer of Pink Batts R 1.8 fibreglass insulation. The 7m long LVL* joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists at each side are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB Rondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Bold Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 58 ( -1 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 53 db C I,- = 1 db No. of test report: Bare floor 4 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 219

58 Floor 5 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 * ** Date of test: 11-Mar-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 x 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres onto 7mm x 45mm battens 7mm side down at 4mm centres angle screwed to 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres, the cavity between the 2 layers of Plywood is filled to mm deep paving sand. The 7m long LVL* joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists at each side are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB R ondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: No. of test report: Bare floor 5 L n,w (C I ) = 52 ( ) db C I,- = 4 db Impact Insulation Class = 57 db Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 2

59 Floor 6 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 17-Mar-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 x 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres onto 7mm x 45mm battens 7mm side down at 4mm centres angle screwed to 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres, the cavity between the 2 layers of Plywood is filled to mm deep with % paving sand and % sawdust. The 7m long LVL* joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists at each side are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB R ondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with R S IC ** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. * ** Italics are clients wording LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: No. of test report: Bare floor 6 L n,w (C I ) = 52 ( -1 ) db C I,- = 3 db Impact Insulation Class = 58 db Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 221

60 Floor 7 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 17-Mar-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 x 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres onto 7mm x 45mm battens 7mm side down at 4mm centres angle screwed to 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres, the cavity between the 2 layers of Plywood is filled to mm deep with % paving sand and % sawdust. The 7m long LVL* joists are clamped at the ends to simulate ridged connections, timber blocking is placed between the ends of the joists, the joists at each side are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB R ondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. * ** Italics are clients wording LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: No. of test report: Bare floor 7 L n,w (C I ) = 52 ( -1 ) db C I,- = 2 db Impact Insulation Class = 58 db Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 222

61 Floor 8 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 25-Apr-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 x 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres onto 7mm x 45mm battens 7mm side down at 4mm centres angle screwed to 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres, the cavity between the 2 layers of Plywood is filled to mm deep with a mixture of % paving sand and % sawdust. The 5.5m long LVL* joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork at one end and in joist hangers fixed to a 1mm x mm LVL* beam at the other end. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB R ondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with R S IC ** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. * ** Italics are clients wording LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: No. of test report: Bare floor 8 L n,w (C I ) = 51 ( -1 ) db C I,- = 3 db Impact Insulation Class = 59 db Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 223

62 Floor 9 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 * ** Date of test: 25-Apr-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Carpet tile on 1 x 15mm butt jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres onto 9mm x 45mm battens 45mm side down at 4mm centres angle screwed to 15mm but jointed plywood sheets 27mm x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at 1mm centres to mm x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres, the cavity between the 2 layers of Plywood is filled to mm deep with a mixture of % paving sand and % sawdust. The 5.5m long LVL* joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork at one end and in joist hangers fixed to a 1mm x mm LVL* beam at the other end. The floor cavity between the LVL* joists is lined with 2 layers of 1mm thick Pink Batts Silencer Mid Floor bulk fibreglass insulation. The ceiling comprises: 2 layers of 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard fixed with 41mm screws at mm centres to 35mm GIB R ondo furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with R S IC ** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: No. of test report: Bare floor 9 L n,w (C I ) = 48 ( -2 ) db C I,- = 9 db Impact Insulation Class = 62 db Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 224

63 Floor 14 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 16-May-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Butt jointed 15mm plywood sheets 27mm x x 1mm fixed with mm square head screws at at 1mm centres to to mm x x 45mm LVL* joists at mm centres. The 5.5m 7m long LVL* joists joists are are "simply supported" at at the the ends with timber blocking between the the ends of of the the joists, the the joists at at one each side side are are seated on 1mm on 1mm x mm x mm timber timber plates plates bolted bolted at 1m at centres 1m centres to the to concrete the concrete blockwork blockwork. and in The joist floor hangers cavity on between the other. The LVL joists have joists 2 is transverse lined with stiffeners 2 layers of spaced 1mm 1.5m thick apart, Pink these Batts stiffeners Silencer are Mid made Floor up bulk of 355mm fiberglass x mm insulation x 45mm The ceiling pieces of LVL* joist comprises: with a steel 2 layers tensioning of 13mm rod GIB fixed Noiseline through the plasterboard centres of the fixed main with joists 41mm along screws side the at mm 355mm centres blocking. to The 35mm 2 GIB transverse Rondo steel stiffeners furring do not channels span the at full mm width centres and finish and at the the steel second perimeter to last J joists channel mm fixed from to the the timber wall. The plates, floor the cavity between furring channels the LVL* joists are fixed is lined to the with LVL 2 layers joists of with 1mm RSIC thick clips Pink at mm Batts Silencer centres.the Mid Floor perimeter bulk of fibreglass the GIB insulation. Noiseline The ceiling plasterboard comprises: sealed 2 layers with of GIB 13mm Soundseal GIB Noiseline and the plasterboard joints are paper fixed taped with 41mm and stopped screws with at mm GIB TradeSet centres to 9 35mm GIB stopping Rondo compound. steel furring channels at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the LVL* joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 56 ( ) db Impact Insulation Class = 55 db C I,- = 4 db No. of test report: Bare floor 14 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 225

64 Floor 18 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 27-May-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Butt jointed mm 15mm particleboard plywood sheets sheets 27mm fixed x with 1mm mm fixed square with head mm screws square at head 1mm screws centres at 1mm to mm centres deep to I mm joists (9x45mm x LVL Flanges) joists at mm mm centres. The 7m 5.5m long long LVL I joists joists are "simply supported" at the ends with timber blocking between the ends of the joists, the joists at each side are seated on 1mm x mm timber plates bolted at 1m centres to the concrete blockwork. The joists floor cavity have 2 between transverse the stiffeners LVL spaced joists is 1.5m lined apart, with 2 these layers stiffeners of 1mm are thick made Pink up Batts of 555mm Silencer pieces Mid of Floor mm bulk deep fiberglass I joist insulation with a steel The tensioning ceiling rod fixed comprises: through 2 layers the centres of 13mm of the GIB main Noiseline joists along plasterboard side the 555mm fixed with blocking. 41mm The screws 2 transverse at mm stiffeners centres do to not 35mm span GIB the full Rondo width and steel finish furring at the channels second to at last mm joists centres mm and from the the steel wall. perimeter The floor J cavity channel between fixed to the I timber joists is plates, lined with the 2 layers furring of channels 1mm thick are fixed Pink to Batts the Silencer LVL joists Mid with Floor RSIC bulk clips fibreglass at mm insulation. centres.the ceiling perimeter comprises: of the GIB 2 layers Noiseline of 13mm plasterboard GIB Noiseline sealed plasterboard with GIB fixed Soundseal with 41mm and screws the joints at mm are paper centres taped to 35mm and stopped GIB Rondo with GIB steel TradeSet furring 9 channels stopping compound. at mm centres and the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the I joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 58 ( ) db Impact Insulation Class = 52 db C I,- = 2 db No. of test report: Bare floor 18 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 226

65 Floor 19 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 2-Jun-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Butt jointed mm 15mm particleboard plywood sheets sheets 27mm fixed with x 1mm mm square fixed with head screws mm at square 1mm head centres screws to mm at 1mm deep centres I joists to mm (9x45mm x 45mm Flanges) LVL at joists mm at mm centres. centres. The 5.5m The long 7m long I joists LVL are joists "simply are "simply supported" supported" at the at ends the ends with timber with timber blocking blocking between between the ends the ends of the of joists, the joists, the joists the joists at each at each side are side seated are seated on 1mm on 1mm x mm x mm timber timber plates plates bolted bolted at 1m at centres 1m centres to the to concrete the concrete blockwork. blockwork. The The joists floor have cavity 2 transverse between stiffeners the LVL spaced joists is 1.5m lined apart, with 2 these layers stiffeners of 1mm are thick made Pink up Batts of 555mm Silencer pieces Mid of Floor mm bulk deep fiberglass I joist with insulation a steel The tensioning ceiling rod fixed through comprises: the centres 2 layers of of the 13mm main GIB joists Noiseline along side plasterboard the 555mm blocking. fixed with The 41mm 2 transverse screws at stiffeners mm centres do not span to 35mm the full GIB width and Rondo finish at steel the furring second channels to last joists at mm from centres the and wall. the The steel floor perimeter cavity between J channel the fixed I joists to the is lined timber with plates, 2 layers the of 1mm furring thick channels Pink Batts are fixed Silencer to the Mid LVL Floor joists bulk with fibreglass RSIC clips insulation. mm The centres.the ceiling comprises: perimeter 4 layers of the of GIB 13mm Noiseline GIB Noiseline plasterboard plasterboard is sealed with fixed GIB with Soundseal 41mm screws and at the mm joints centres are paper to 35mm taped and GIB stopped R ondo with furring GIB TradeSet channels at 9 mm centres stopping and compound. the steel perimeter J channel fixed to the timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the I joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db < 19.3 Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 59 ( ) db Impact Insulation Class = 51 db C I,- = 1 db No. of test report: Bare floor 19 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 227

66 Floor Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 12-Jul-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 75mm Butt jointed Hebel 15mm aerated plywood concrete sheets floor 27mm panels glued x 1mm and screwed fixed with to mm mm square deep I head joists screws (9x45mm at 1mm Flanges) centres at 4mm to mm centres. x 45mm The 5.5m LVL joists long I at joists mm are centres. "simply supported" The 7m long at LVL the ends joists with are timber "simply blocking supported" between at the the ends ends with of timber the joists, blocking the joists between at each the side ends are of the seated joists, on the 1mm joists x at mm each timber side are plates seated bolted on 1mm at 1m x centres mm to timber the concrete plates bolted blockwork. at 1m centres The joists to have the concrete 2 transverse blockwork. stiffeners The spaced floor cavity 1.5m between apart, these LVL stiffeners are joists made is lined up of with 5mm 2 layers pieces of 1mm of mm thick deep Pink I Batts joist with Silencer a steel Mid tensioning Floor bulk rod fiberglass fixed through insulation the centres The ceiling of the main joists comprises: along side 2 layers the 5mm of 13mm blocking. GIB Noiseline The 2 transverse plasterboard stiffeners fixed do with not 41mm span the screws full width at mm and finish centres at the to 35mm second GIB to last joists Rondo 4mm steel from furring the wall. channels The floor at cavity mm between centres the and I the joists steel is perimeter lined with 2 J layers channel of fixed 1mm to the thick timber Pink plates, Batts Silencer the Mid furring Floor channels bulk fibreglass are fixed insulation to the LVL The ceiling joists with comprises: RSIC clips 2 layers at mm of 13mm centres.the GIB Noiseline perimeter plasterboard of the GIB fixed Noiseline with 41mm screws plasterboard at mm is sealed centres with to GIB 35mm Soundseal GIB R ondo and furring the joints channels are paper at mm taped and centres, stopped and with the steel GIB TradeSet perimeter J 9 channel fixed stopping the compound. timber plates, the furring channels are fixed to the I joists with RSIC** clips at mm centres. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 71 ( -9 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 35 db C I,- = -8 db No. of test report: Bare floor Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 228

67 Floor 21 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 9-Aug-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 75mm Butt jointed Hebel 15mm aerated plywood concrete sheets floor 27mm panels glued x 1mm and screwed fixed with to mm mm square deep I head joists screws (9x45mm at 1mm Flanges) centres at 4mm to mm centres. x 45mm The 5.5m LVL joists long I at joists mm are centres. "simply supported" The 7m long at LVL the ends joists with are timber "simply blocking supported" between at the the ends ends with of timber the joists, blocking the joists between at each the side ends are of the seated joists, on the 1mm joists x at mm each timber side are plates seated bolted on 1mm at 1m x centres mm to timber the concrete plates bolted blockwork. at 1m centres The floor to cavity the concrete between blockwork. the I joists The is floor lined cavity with 2 between layers of the 1mm LVL thick Pink joists Batts is lined Silencer with 2 Mid layers Floor of bulk 1mm fibreglass thick Pink insulation Batts The Silencer ceiling Mid comprises: Floor bulk 2 layers fiberglass of 13mm insulation GIB The Noiseline ceiling plasterboard comprises: 2 fixed layers with of 41mm 13mm screws GIB Noiseline at mm plasterboard centres to 35mm fixed GIB with 41mm R ondo screws furring at channels mm centres at mm to 35mm centres, GIB and the Rondo steel perimeter steel furring J channels fixed at to mm the timber centres plates, and the the furring steel channels perimeter are J channel fixed to fixed the I to joists the timber with RSIC** plates, clips the at mm furring centres. channels The are perimeter fixed to of the the LVL GIB joists Noiseline with RSIC plasterboard clips at mm is sealed centres.the with GIB perimeter Soundseal of the and GIB the Noiseline joints are paper taped plasterboard and stopped is sealed with with GIB GIB TradeSet Soundseal 9 stopping and the compound. joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 72 ( -1 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 35 db C I,- = -8 db No. of test report: Bare floor 21 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 229

68 Floor 22 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 17-Nov-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Alpha Butt jointed Gypsum 15mm concrete plywood laid on sheets 12mm 27mm polyethylene x 1mm foam fixed underlay with loose mm laid square with taped head joints screws on at 15mm 1mm flooring centres grade to mm butt jointed x 45mm plywood LVL screw-fixed joists at mm to mm centres. deep The I 7m joists long (9x45mm LVL joists Flanges) are "simply at 4mm supported" centres. at the The ends 5.5m with long timber I joists blocking are "simply between supported" the ends at of the ends joists, with the timber joists at blocking each side between are seated the ends on 1mm of the joists, x mm the timber joists plates each bolted side are at 1m seated centres on 1mm to the concrete x mm blockwork. timber plates The bolted floor cavity at 1m centres between to the the LVL concrete blockwork. joists is lined The with floor 2 cavity layers between of 1mm the thick I joists Pink is Batts lined Silencer with 2 layers Mid of Floor 1mm bulk thick fiberglass Pink Batts insulation Silencer The Mid ceiling Floor bulk fibreglass comprises: insulation 2 layers The of 13mm ceiling GIB comprises: Noiseline 2 layers plasterboard of 13mm fixed GIB Noiseline with 41mm plasterboard screws at mm fixed with centres 41mm to 35mm screws GIB at mm Rondo centres steel to furring 35mm channels GIB R ondo at mm furring centres channels and at the mm steel perimeter centres, and J channel the steel fixed perimeter to the timber J channel plates, fixed the to the timber furring plates, channels the furring are fixed channels to the are LVL fixed joists to with the I RSIC joists clips with at RSIC** mm clips centres.the at mm perimeter centres. The of the perimeter GIB Noiseline of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard plasterboard is sealed with is sealed GIB Soundseal with GIB Soundseal and the joints and are the paper joints are taped paper and taped stopped and with stopped GIB TradeSet with GIB TradeSet 9 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 52 ( -2 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 58 db C I,- = 4 db No. of test report: Bare floor 22 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 2

69 Floor 23 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 24-Nov-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: Alpha Butt jointed Gypsum 15mm concrete plywood laid on sheets 12mm 27mm polyethylene x 1mm foam fixed underlay with with mm taped square joints head loose screws laid on at 15mm 1mm flooring centres grade to mm butt jointed x 45mm plywood LVL joists screw-fixed at mm to mm centres. deep The I 7m joists long (9x45mm LVL joists Flanges) are "simply at 4mm supported" centres. at the The ends 5.5m with long timber I joists blocking are "simply between supported" the ends at of the ends joists, with the timber joists at blocking each side between are seated the ends on 1mm of the joists, x mm the timber joists plates each bolted side are at 1m seated centres on 1mm to the concrete x mm blockwork. timber plates The bolted floor cavity at 1m centres between to the the LVL concrete blockwork. joists is lined The with floor 2 cavity layers between of 1mm the thick I joists Pink is Batts lined Silencer with 2 layers Mid of Floor 1mm bulk thick fiberglass Pink Batts insulation Silencer The Mid ceiling Floor bulk fibreglass comprises: insulation 2 layers The of 13mm ceiling GIB comprises: Noiseline 2 layers plasterboard of 13mm fixed GIB Noiseline with 41mm plasterboard screws at mm fixed with centres 41mm to 35mm screws GIB at mm Rondo centres steel to furring 35mm channels GIB R ondo at mm furring centres channels and at the mm steel perimeter centres, and J channel the steel fixed perimeter to the timber J channel plates, fixed the to the timber furring plates, channels the furring are fixed channels to the are LVL fixed joists to with independent RSIC clips mm at mm LVL centres.the joists at mm? perimeter centres of the with GIB clips Noiseline at mm centres. plasterboard The perimeter is sealed of with the GIB Soundseal Noiseline plasterboard and the joints is are sealed paper with taped GIB and Soundseal stopped with and GIB the joints TradeSet are paper 9 taped and stopping stopped compound. with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 53 ( -2 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 58 db C I,- = 2 db No. of test report: Bare floor 23 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 231

70 Floor 25 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: -Dec-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 Butt x 15mm jointed butt 15mm jointed plywood sheets 27mm x x 1mm fixed fixed with with mm mm square head screws at at 1mm centres onto mm 7mm x 45mm LVL battens joists 45mm at mm side down centres. at 4mm The 7m centres long LVL angle joists screwed are "simply to 15mm supported" butt jointed at the plywood ends with sheets timber 27mm blocking x between 1mm the fixed ends with of mm the joists, square the head joists screws at each at side 1mm are seated centres to on mm 1mm deep x mm I joists timber at 4mm plates bolted centres, at the 1m cavity centres between to the concrete the 2 layers blockwork. of Plywood The is floor filled cavity to 65mm between deep the with LVL a mixture joists is of lined % with paving 2 layers sand of and 1mm % sawdust. thick Pink The Batts 5.5m Silencer long I joists Mid Floor are "simply bulk fiberglass supported" insulation the ends The with ceiling timber blocking comprises: between 2 layers the of ends 13mm of the GIB joists, Noiseline the joists plasterboard at each side fixed are seated with 41mm on 1mm screws x at mm mm timber centres plates to 35mm bolted at GIB 1m centres Rondo to the steel concrete furring blockwork. channels The at mm floor cavity centres between and the the steel I joists perimeter is lined J channel with 2 layers fixed of to 1mm the timber thick plates, P ink the Batts Silencer furring channels Mid Floor bulk are fixed fibreglass to the insulation LVL joists The with ceiling RSIC comprises: clips at mm 2 layers centres.the of 13mm perimeter GIB Noiseline of the plasterboard GIB Noiseline fixed with plasterboard 41mm screws is sealed at mm with GIB centres Soundseal to 35mm and GIB the R joints ondo are furring paper channels taped and at mm stopped centres, with GIB the TradeSet furring channels 9 are fixed stopping independent compound. mm LVL joists mounted on 1mm waffle profile rubber pads at 1mm centres with clips at 1mm centres and are not fixed to the perimeter. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db < 11.8 Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 48 ( -2 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 62 db C I,- = 1 db No. of test report: Bare floor 25 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 232

71 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: -Dec-5 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: mm Butt jointed x mm 15mm ceramic plywood tiles sheets bonded 27mm to 1mm x 1mm Fiberock fixed flooring with underlay mm square screw-fixed head screws at mm at 1mm centres centres to 1 x 15mm to mm butt x jointed 45mm plywood LVL joists sheets at mm 27mm centres. x 1mm The 7m fixed long with LVL mm joists square "simply head supported" screws at 1mm at the ends centres with onto timber 7mm blocking x 45mm between battens the 45mm ends side of the down joists, at the 4mm joists centres at each angle side are screwed seated to 15mm on 1mm butt jointed x mm plywood timber sheets plates bolted 27mm at 1m x 1mm centres fixed to the with concrete mm blockwork. square head The screws floor cavity at 1mm between centres the LVL to mm deep joists I joists lined at with 4mm 2 layers centres, of 1mm the cavity thick between Pink Batts the Silencer 2 layers of Mid Plywood Floor bulk is filled fiberglass to 65mm insulation deep with The a mixture ceiling of % paving comprises: sand 2 and layers % of sawdust. 13mm GIB The Noiseline 5.5m long I plasterboard joists are "simply fixed supported" with 41mm at screws the ends at mm with timber centres blocking to 35mm between GIB the ends Rondo of the steel joists, furring the joists channels at each at side mm are seated centres on and 1mm the steel x mm perimeter timber J plates channel bolted fixed at to 1m the centres timber plates, to the concrete the blockwork. furring channels The floor are cavity fixed between to the LVL the I joists with is lined RSIC with clips 2 layers at mm of 1mm centres.the thick Pink perimeter Batts of Silencer the GIB Mid Noiseline Floor bulk fibreglass plasterboard insulation is sealed The with ceiling GIB comprises: Soundseal 2 layers and the of 13mm joints are GIB paper Noiseline taped and plasterboard stopped with fixed GIB with TradeSet 41mm screws 9 at mm stopping centres compound. to 35mm GIB R ondo furring channels at mm centres, the furring channels are fixed to inderpendent mm LVL joists mounted on 1mm waffel profile rubber pads at 1mm centres with clips at 1mm centres and are not fixed to the perimeter. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal and the joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 stopping compound. Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = 53 ( -4 ) db Impact Insulation Class = 58 db C I,- = 3 db No. of test report: Ceramic tiles on floor 25 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 233

72 Floor 26 Normalized Impact sound pressure levels according to ISO 1-6 Date of test: 15-Jan-6 Description and identification of the test specimen and test arrangement: Client: FWPRDC A light weight timber floor/ceiling system comprising: 1 Butt x 15mm jointed butt 15mm jointed plywood sheets 27mm x x 1mm fixed fixed with with mm mm square head screws at at 1mm centres onto mm 7mm x 45mm LVL battens joists 45mm at mm side down centres. at 4mm The 7m centres long LVL angle joists screwed are "simply to 15mm supported" butt jointed at the plywood ends with sheets timber 27mm blocking x between 1mm the fixed ends with of mm the joists, square the head joists screws at each at side 1mm are seated centres to on mm 1mm deep x mm I joists timber at 4mm plates bolted centres, at the 1m cavity centres between to the concrete the 2 layers blockwork. of Plywood The is floor filled cavity to 65mm between deep the with LVL a mixture joists is of lined % with paving 2 layers sand of and 1mm % sawdust. thick Pink The Batts 5.5m Silencer long I joists Mid Floor are "simply bulk fiberglass supported" insulation the ends The with ceiling timber blocking comprises: between 2 layers the of ends 13mm of the GIB joists, Noiseline the joists plasterboard at each side fixed are seated with 41mm on 1mm screws x at mm mm timber centres plates to 35mm bolted at GIB 1m centres Rondo to the steel concrete furring blockwork. channels The at mm floor cavity centres between and the the steel I joists perimeter is lined J channel with 2 layers fixed of to 1mm the timber thick plates, P ink the Batts Silencer furring channels Mid Floor bulk are fixed fibreglass to the insulation LVL joists The with ceiling RSIC comprises: clips at mm 2 layers centres.the of 13mm perimeter GIB Noiseline of the plasterboard GIB Noiseline fixed with plasterboard 41mm screws is sealed at mm with GIB centres Soundseal to 35mm and GIB the R joints ondo are furring paper channels taped and at mm stopped centres, with GIB the TradeSet furring channels 9 are fixed stopping independent compound. mm LVL joists mounted on 1mm waffle profile rubber pads at 1mm centres with clips at 1mm centres and are not fixed to the perimeter. The perimeter of the GIB Noiseline plasterboard is sealed with GIB Soundseal with a 9mm plaster cove to cornice. The joints are paper taped and stopped with GIB TradeSet 9 Italics are clients wording * LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber ** RSIC Resilient Sound Isolation Clip Frequency f Hz L n 1/3 Octave db Notes:1.#N/A = Value not available. 2. Bold values are used to calculate IIC and Ln,w. 3.< indicates that the true value is lower. Normalized impact sound pressure level, L n, db curve of ASTM E989 reference values. curve of ISO reference values Frequency, f, Hz Rating according to ISO 717-2: Rating according to ASTM E989: L n,w (C I ) = ( -1 ) db Impact Insulation Class = db C I,- = 8 db No. of test report: Bare floor 26 Name of test institute: University of Auckland Acoustics Testing Service. 234

73 9. FLOOR COST COMPARISON The following square metre elemental costs are based generally on the Australian Construction Handbook 5 issued by Rawlinsons and are for Sydney and Melbourne. The cost estimates were done by Ken McGunnigle (MRICS Chartered Surveyor (QS), MCIOB Chartered Builder, MNZIQS Member NZ Institute of Quantity Surveyors, BRANZ Accredited Adviser, MNZIBS, Registered Building Surveyor, MNZIOB Member of NZ Institute of Building). The limitations of the estimated elemental rates are as follows; The rates are for the work in place, ie supply and fix Excludes GST Excludes contractors margin for risk and profit Excludes preliminaries, effect on building foundation costs and time savings for erection. Floor coverings are excluded Painting excluded Floor area taken as 7m x 3.2m in all cases. Acoustical sealant not included Plaster 9mm cove not included Supports onto walls not included. The purpose of the estimated elemental rates is far comparing relative costs of the systems using a standard data base. The table below does not purport to represent tender unit rates by building contractors in the market place. Table 9-1 shows the costings. Note that the cost of the in-situ cast 1mm concrete slab is shown for reference. Also note that the concrete slab costs are very different in Melbourne as compared to Sydney. This is primarily due to the cost of formwork: in Melbourne formwork labour is very unionised compared to Sydney and hence is much more expensive. On the other hand, the cost of timber construction is almost identical in Melbourne and Sydney. Since the elemental cost of the concrete floor is relatively high in Melbourne this would be the place to gain market traction with timber-framed systems. 235

74 Floor Description Estimated elemental cost in Sydney per square metre in A$ or comment Concrete Floor 1mm Concrete Floor with hardwall plaster to suffit 4 (321 in Melbourne) 2 Base floor, x45 LVL at centres 2 3 3xGib Sound Barrier xPly + batts 4 5 1xPly + mm sand 3 6 1xPly + mm sand/sawdust 4 9 1xPly + 85mm sand/sawdust As floor 2 but with 2 transverse beams and only 5.5m long 18 I joists with 2 transverse beams 19 4 layers of Gib Noiseline to ceiling Hebel floor on I joists at 4 centres with 2 transverse beams 21 Hebel floor on I joists at at 4 centres 22 Av 29mm thick alpha gypsum on 12mm polyethylene 23 Av 29mm thick alpha gypsum on 12mm polyethylene with separate ceiling joists 25 Battens/65mm sand sawdust with separate ceiling joists with edges free 26 As floor 25 but with plaster cove Table 9-1. Table of comparative elemental cost. (Note; this table should be read with reference to the floor diagrams chapter, which has section drawings of each floor system.) 236

75 1. PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS USED The following is a list of the materials used to build the floors and their associated acoustically important properties. 1.1 PANEL PRODUCTS: 15mm 5 ply Ecoply F11 plywood Nominal Density = 5 kg/m 3 Manufacturer s nominal static bending stiffness 23 Nm 2 along face grain, 684 Nm 2 perpendicular to face grain assuming 1.5 GPa along-grain wood stiffness. Dynamic measurements from one sample showed that along-grain wood stiffness was 13 GPa. Apparent measured dynamic bending stiffness along face grain (from floor measurements) is equivalent to homogenous material with E from 12 to 14 GPa. Vibration loss factor of material assumed to be.3. mm Flooring Particleboard Nominal Density = 71 kg/m 3 Dynamic Young s modulus (from Insul 4 Material Properties list) = 3.5 GPa. Vibration loss factor of material = mm GIB Sound Barrier Gypsum Fibreboard Manufacturer s Nominal Density = 1 kg/m 3. Sample measured density = 17 kg/m 3. Manufacturer s nominal static stiffness parallel to writing on sheet = 4.5 GPa Measured sample dynamic stiffness (at 1.6kHz) parallel to writing on sheet = 6. GPa. Measured sample dynamic stiffness (at 1.6kHz) perpendicular to writing on sheet = 5.5 GPa. Measured sample Vibration loss factor =.15 13mm GIB Noiseline plasterboard Manufacturer s nominal density = 962 kg/m 3. Dynamic bending stiffness (from Insul 4 Material Properties list) = 3.7 GPa. Measured vibration loss factor = mm Hebel Floor panels Density with nominal moisture content = 69 Kg/m 3. Manufacturer s Static Young s modulus = GPa. Vibration loss factor of material (from Insul 4 Material Properties list) = POURED-ON TOPPINGS/SCREEDS USG Levelrock PS, presanded gypsum concrete Manufacturers nominal density = 19 kg/m JOISTS CHH Hyspan LVL Manufacturer s nominal density = 6 kg/m 3. Manufacturer s nominal static Young s modulus = 13.2 GPa. Apparent dynamic Young s modulus from measurements = 14.5 GPa to 15.5 GPa. Assumed vibration loss factor =.3. mm CHH Hybeam I-beam (HJ-63) 237

76 Manufacturer s nominal linear density = 4.4 kg/m. Manufacturer s nominal static bending stiffness = 1111 N m 2. Assumed vibration loss factor =.3. mm CHH Hybeam I-beam (HJ-9) Manufacturer s nominal linear density = 7.4 kg/m. Manufacturer s nominal static bending stiffness = 349 N m 2. Assumed vibration loss factor = INFILL MATERIALS 1mm Tasman Insulation Midfloor Silencer Measured sample flow resistivity = 7227 Rayls/m. Density = 12 kg/m CEILING FIXTURES RSIC clip Dynamic Stiffness at Hz under 1 N load (approx equiv to 25kg/m 2 ceiling surface density) = 2 N/m. Loss factor =.1. Gib Rondo Batten Estimated (from measurements) bending stiffness when attached to plasterboard = 11 N m

77 11. FLOOR DIAGRAMS AND PHOTOGRAPHS 11.1 THE TEST CHAMBER This is an illustration of the test chamber in which the floors were built. The chamber is 7m long. Shown in the diagram are the LVL beams which divide the opening so that a shorter span can be used. Note how two separate beams were used so that the joists and the ceiling are separated. 239

78 Figure The test chamber without floor view from above. Figure Side view of test chamber, showing entrance doors at right. 2

79 11.2 REFERENCE CONCRETE FLOOR (FLOOR ) A concrete based floor/ceiling system comprising: 1mm reinforced concrete floor with a suspended ceiling comprising: mm long 6mm Ø threaded rods fixed to steel plates glued to the underside of the concrete slab at mm x mm centres, Rondo ceiling clips are screwed to the threaded rods and 35mm GIB Rondo furring channels are held in the clips. The furring channels are screw-fixed at either end to J channels screw-fixed to the 25mm x 245mm timber perimeter plate. 1 lining of 13mm GIB Standard plasterboard is screw-fixed at mm centres to the furring channels, the 2mm ceiling cavity is lined with 1 layer of 75mm Pink Batts R1.8 fibreglass insulation. The joints and perimeter are sealed with GIB Soundseal. 241

80 11.3 Floor 2 242

81 Floor 2. Overview of Plywood deck showing layout of plywood Floor 2. Plywood deck to reinforced concrete edge beam junction 243

82 Floor 2. Edge junction between floor and test rig concrete beam Floor 2. General view from below of 7m long x45 LVL joists 244

83 Floor 2. General view of ceiling system support Floor 2. Ends of joists simply supported on timber ground with solid blocking. Also shown are steel batten, perimeter J channel, RSIC clips and fiberglass sound absorber in ceiling cavity 245

84 Floor 2. Shows steel batten spanning mm between RSIC clip and steel J channel Floor 2. Junction of ceiling batten to steel J channel on to timber ground over blockwork 246

85 Floor 2. Close up of floor joist with RSIC clip to ceiling batten connection 247

86 11.4 FLOOR 3 248

87 Floor 3. Overview of gypsum fibreboard deck showing layout. Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 249

88 11.5 FLOOR 4 Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 2

89 11.6 FLOOR 5 251

90 Floor 5. View of plywood flooring over 7x45 battens on flat with sand infill Floor 5. Sand infill between 45mm deep battens Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 252

91 11.7 FLOOR 6 Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 253

92 11.8 FLOOR 7 254

93 Floor 7. Clamping to ends of floor Floor 7. Close up of holding down bolts to end of clamping beam 255

94 Floor 7. View of clamping down to end of floor Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 256

95 11.9 FLOOR 8 257

96 Floor 8. Cross beam above to support ends of floor joists with separate joist to support edge of ceiling Floor 8. General arrangement of LVL joists and support off cross beams with separate joist to support edge of ceiling 258

97 Floor 8. View of cross beam showing joist hangers Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 259

98 11.1 FLOOR 9 Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 2

99 11.11 FLOOR 1 261

100 Floor 1. Underside of floor showing supporting beam at end. 262

101 11.12 FLOOR

102 Floor 11. Underside of floor 264

103 11.13 FLOOR

104 Floor 12. View of underside of floor showing four transverse stiffening beams Floor 12. View of cross beam and plywood flooring from above 266

105 Floor 12. General view of underside of floor showing four transverse beams and cross beam supporting joists on both sides 267

106 Floor 12. Close up of end of steel rod showing 1x1x1mm steel plate with 35x35 square washer, spring washer, washer and nut Floor 12. Shows solid blocking using x45 LVL and end of post tension rod on penultimate joist 268

107 11.14 FLOOR

108 Floor 13. Illustrates two transverse beams under floor 27

109 11.15 FLOOR 14 Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. Refer to photographs for Floor 13 for joist system details. 271

110 11.16 FLOOR

111 Floor 15. Ends of post tensioned beams Floor 15. Floor joist to transverse beam junction shows steel rod below central axis of beam 273

112 Floor 15. Simply supported ends of joists with boundary joist continuously supported 274

113 Floor 15. Shows deep I joists at centres with two central transverse beams up to penultimate joist 275

114 Floor 15. General view of the ends of the transverse beams Floor 15. View of ends of I joists supported on joist hangers off cross beam 276

115 11.17 FLOOR

116 11.18 FLOOR

117 Floor 17. View of partially full cavity Floor 17. Side view of partially full cavities Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 279

118 11.19 FLOOR 18 2

119 Floor 18: View of full cavities. Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 281

120 11. FLOOR 19 Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 282

121 11.21 FLOOR 283

122 Floor. Ends of joist supported on joist hangers off the cross beam Floor. General view from above of I joists with two transverse beams 284

123 Floor. Close up view of the two transverse beams Floor. General view of the Hebel floor 285

124 Floor. Junction of the Hebel floor to test rig reinforced concrete beam Floor. General view of the underside of the Hebel floor 286

125 Floor. End of transverse beams Floor. Hebel floor panel section 287

126 Floor. Hebel floor panel section - 2 Floor. One end of joists supported on joist hangers off cross beam 288

127 289

128 Floor. One end of joists simply supported on 1x timber ground off blockwork Floor. View of floor structure before Hebel flooring placed in position 29

129 Floor. End of transverse beam before Hebel flooring in place, shows steel rod on central axis of beam Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 291

130 11.22 FLOOR 21 Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 292

131 11.23 FLOOR

132 Floor 22. First pour of gypsum concrete on polyethylene foam underlay with taped joints Floor 22. Completed gypsum concrete flooring, depth ranged from 1 to 46mm with average of 29mm thick Refer to photographs for Floor 2 for ceiling system details. 294

133 11.24 FLOOR

134 11.25 FLOOR

135 Floor 24. Ceiling separation at sides Floor 24. Ceiling separation at ends 297

136 Floor 24. Close up of ceiling separation at corner Floor 24. Close up of Shearflex rubber pads 298

137 11.26 FLOOR

138 11.27 FLOOR 26 1mm Acoustic Sealant Wallboard Adhesive & plaster gap fill 9mm Plaster Cove Wallboard Adhesive Floor 26: Edge detail of coving fixing to ceiling edge.

139 Floor 26. Coving in corner 1