Desalination Innovation & Trends. Tom Pankratz, Water Desalination Report

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1 Desalination Innovation & Trends Tom Pankratz, Water Desalination Report

2 Global Installed RO Capacity 14,440 RO plants produce 16,075 MGD o 10,340 BWROs produce 8,400 MGD o 4,100 SWROs produce 7,675 MGD

3 US versus Rest of World 14,440 RO plants produce 16,075 MGD o 10,340 BWROs produce 8,400 MGD o 4,100 SWROs produce 7,675 MGD o US: 2,114 BWROs produce 2,445 MGD o ROW: 8,227 BWROs produce 5,955 MGD o US: 15 SWROs produce plants 105 MGD o ROW: 4,085 SWROs produce 7,570 MGD

4 SWRO and Energy Recovery

5 Membranes & Pressure Vessels source: Poseidon

6 Membranes & Pressure Vessels source: Poseidon

7 Yuma, Arizona BWRO Pressure Center

8 Hittite Evaporator Top Temperature: Energy Source: Energy input: Recovery: Product Water: Cooling Water: Discharge Water: Height: 140 F Waste heat 7.5 million Btu/hr 50% 30,000 GPD 1 MGD Seawater F 40 feet

9 EFD (Effluent Free Desalination) All existing utility-scale desalination technology results in the production of a brine byproduct made up of salt, minerals and other compounds which are discharged into the ocean. The delicate ecosystems on the ocean floor can be suffocated by the negative environmental impact of brine, resulting in a potentially disastrous environment for marine life and what is known as kill zones.

10 EFD (Effluent Free Desalination) Water Production Cost: $844.10/AF Top Brine Temperature: 300 F Major launch: 2016

11 MegaCell Smart Solar Desalination Bifacial monocrystalline silicon N-type solar photovoltaic (PV) cells Reduces energy consumed from kwh/kgal to 1.40 kwh/kgal Reduces Genset and Battery operation < 4-year pay back

12 Renewable Energy

13 Renewable Energy Control Panel Main Pumps Jockey Pump

14 Graphene: Superpermeable Membrane Single layer of carbon atoms Thinnest material Strongest measured Stiffest Most ductile Best conductor of electricity, heat

15 Graphene: Superpermeable Membrane Single layer of carbon atoms Thinnest material Strongest measured Stiffest Most ductile Best conductor of electricity, heat Nobel Prize in 2010

16 Graphene: Superpermeable Membrane Single layer of carbon atoms Thinnest material Nobel Prize in 2010 Strongest measured Stiffest Most ductile Best conductor of electricity, heat 15nm

17 Graphene UF Membrane Coating Thinnest material Strongest measured Stiffest Most ductile Best conductor of electricity, heat

18 Graphene UF Membrane Coating Thinnest material Strongest measured Stiffest Most ductile Best conductor of electricity, heat

19 What does Feasible mean? It depends who s asking source: Poseidon

20 Subsurface Intakes Options source: Poseidon

21 Most Innovations are Incremental source: Poseidon

22 Vertical vs Horizontal Pressure Vessels source: Poseidon

23 Desalination s Future RO-compatible technologies will continue to dominate MF/UF will be the predominant pretreatment technology Seawater will be an integral part of coastal supply portfolios Brackish RO will be the new inland standard Industrial use of BWRO, SWRO will grow significantly Conventional membranes will be the mainstay of muni RO New technologies will find homes in niche markets, especially in industrial applications and small commercial POE/POU systems

24 Traditional Thermal ZLD System Feed Tank Heat Distillate Exchanger Tank Brine Concentrator Vapor Compressor Crystallizer Brine Heater Vapor Compressor adapted source: from: Poseidon GE Water

25 Membrane Brine Concentrator FGD Wastewater Softener Clarified Water Tank Media Filters WAC Polisher Changxing Power Plant 27m 3 /h 23m 3 /h 100 mg/l TDS Product Water First-pass RO RO Tank Second-pass RO Distillate FO Fee d Saturated Brine Brine Membrane Brine Concentrator 22.3m 3 /h 27 m 3 /h Intermediate Product Packaging System Dryer Crystallizer Concentrated Draw Solution Diluted Draw Solution adapted from: Oasys Water Draw Solution Recovery source: Poseidon

26 Membrane Brine Concentrator FGD Wastewater Softener Clarified Water Tank Media Filters WAC Polisher Changxing Power Plant 27m 3 /h 23m 3 /h 100 mg/l TDS Product Water First-pass RO RO Tank Second-pass RO Distillate FO Fee d Saturated Brine Brine Membrane Brine Concentrator 22.3m 3 /h 27 m 3 /h Intermediate Product Packaging System Dryer Crystallizer Concentrated Draw Solution Diluted Draw Solution adapted from: Oasys Water Draw Solution Recovery source: Poseidon

27 El Paso Utilities BWRO 27.5 MGD 12 MGD 18.5 MGD 3 MGD Reverse Osmosis Plant Airport Wells Ft Bliss Wells Concentrate Injection Wells source: Poseidon

28 15 MGD Potable Water + 3 MGD Brine adapted from: EWM source: Poseidon Treated Water

29 16 MGD Water MGD Brine adapted from: EWM source: Poseidon Treated Water

30 El Paso Brine Processing Facility adapted from: EWM source: Poseidon Treated Water

31 New Technology Considerations Prospectus/website focus on macro issues Experience of team Energy and mass balance Key challenge to overcome Current stage of development Market focus, i.e. broad, niche Commercialization timeline Compatibility with existing installations Applicable to new installations