The The Rise Rise of of National Monarchies. Creating the Nation-State In Europe

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1 The The Rise Rise of of National Monarchies National Monarchies Creating the Nation-State In Europe

2 Putting it in Context The Roman Empire Europe was beginning to come together into NATIONS led by powerful MONARCHS. Feudal Europe Fall Of the Roman Empire Feudalism will continue to be a useful tool to control the people. BUT This will establish the foundation of modern Europe. Kingdom of England Kingdom Of Portugal Kingdom of the Franks National Monarchies Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of Prussia

3 The Old Way Remember Feudalism? The system of loyalty for protection. I like it! Kings give land to nobles. Nobles give land to knights Knights give land to peasants.

4 Expanding a Good Idea Conflict Church Support Marriage Alliance Over time, some kings became more powerful and were able to dominate their neighbors and eliminate other kings. Now those lords/ knights and peasants were his. This could be done through: War Marriage Economics Taxes Political alliances Church Support

5 Expanding a Good Idea Common Laws Common Laws The king could increase his authority by: *Collecting taxes *Issuing common law Common Laws Common Laws *Supporting or firing nobles (loyalty vs disloyalty)

6 Expanding a Good Idea How would you like to rule Lombardy? We will protect and defend you. We are loyal to you sire! Make your 2 nd son a bishop? The advantages for the king of increasing the amount of territory (land, people, raw materials) were: Increasing the amount of money he had at his disposal to improve his kingdom and influence others. Increasing his military strength to protect his territory and intimidate his neighbors. Increasing his political strength by securing the loyalty of the nobles and his importance to other kings. Increasing his importance to the church which could gain him favors or a say in Church politics.

7 Expanding a Good Idea Kings expanded their territory until they ran into an obstacle. I wish I had more J'aurais aimé avoir plus Obstacles could be: * Geographic (mountains rivers, etc. * Language * Culture * Church opposition * Religion

8 National Monarchies Kingdom of England Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of France Etc. Etc. Etc. The new National Monarchies were: Stronger Wealthier Influential Competitive There will be attempts to recreate the Roman Empire in Europe Empire of the Franks Byzantine Empire Holy Roman Empire

9 Case Study Charlemagne Charles The Great Charlemagne King of the Franks AD - King of the Lombards Holy Roman Emperor The Franks were decedents of the barbarian tribe called the Franks who invaded the Western Roman Empire. They settled in what is today France. In 768AD he was crowned King of the Franks

10 In 774 Charlemagne conquered the Lombards of Northern Italy. He was crowned King of the Lombards. Case Study Charlemagne Charles The Great This brought peace and security to Rome, seat of the Roman Catholic Church.

11 In 799 Pope Leo III was driven out of Rome by enemies who attempted to kill him. Leo Fled to the protection of Charlemagne. Charlemagne went to Rome to restore order. As payment, Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the West. (Remember the 2 Roman Empires?) Case Study Charlemagne Charles The Great

12 Case Study Charlemagne Charles The Great H.R.E. The Catholic Church now had a self-made, mortal friend who would defend the Church and be the Church s muscle. The Holy Roman Empire The first Empire in Europe since the Roman Empire Charlemagne had gained new lands and a powerful friend, the Church. This is the first National Monarchy.

13 Fin