Effects of temperature and exposure duration on four potential rapid-response tools for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) eradication

Transcription

1 Effects of temperature and exposure duration on four potential rapid-response tools for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) eradication Invasive Mussel Collaborative Webinar February 27, 2018 James A Luoma, Todd Severson, Jeremy Wise, and Matt Barbour United State Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center La Crosse, WI jluoma@usgs.gov

2 Acknowledgements/Disclaimer These data are preliminary or provisional and are subject to revision and are not for public dissemination. They are being provided to meet the need for timely best science. The data has not received final approval by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is provided on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from the authorized or unauthorized use of the data. Any use of tradename, product, or firm names in this report are for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

3 Presentation Overview 1) The need 2) Study concept 3) Molluscicides 4) Test system/methods 5) Results 6) Considerations

4 Infestation Timeline Zebra mussels have rapidly expanded throughout the continental U.S. and their spread is likely to continue years

5 Minnesota s Rapid Response Actions Lake Zebra Mussels Detected Treatment(s) Outcome Lake Marion 2017 EarthTec QZ (10/10/2017) TBD Lake Minnewashta EarthTec QZ EarthTec QZ 1 adult and 4 juveniles found near access TBD Ruth Lake 2015 EarthTec QZ 1 adult mussel found near access Christmas Lake 2014 Zequanox, Earthtec QZ, and Potash Lake Independence mussels found lake-wide 2014 Earthtec QZ and Potash mussels found near access Rose Lake 2011 Cutrine Ultra adult zebra mussels found 2016 Lake Irene 2011 Cutrine Ultra mussels found post-treatment

6 Identified knowledge gaps Information required for EDRR zebra mussel treatments: 1) What mollusicides can be used? 2) What dose is required to obtain 100% mortality? Dose = exposure concentration x exposure duration 3) How does water temperature and exposure duration influence molluscicide toxicity?

7 Study Concept Evaluate 4 known molluscicidal compounds for potential use in zebra mussel rapid response actions. a) 4 seasonal test temperatures, 22, 17, 12, and 7 C b) Exposure durations, h (14 d) c) Static/static renewal exposures in a controlled environment d) Develop potential temperature-specific treatments

8 Molluscicides EPA-registered molluscicides EarthTec QZ Zequanox Non-registered molluscicides niclosamide Potassium chloride

9 Test System Climate-controlled environmental chambers Heated/chilled well water supply Reed Mariculture Instant Algae diets 3L static exposure jars Recovery tanks

10 Exposures/Assessments Static exposures in 3L of water 8, 12, and 24 h Zequanox 24, 96, and 336 h EarthTec QZ, KCl, and niclosamide Renewals every 96 h 5 concentrations 4 replicates N = 20/replicate Post-exposure holding standardized on daily temperature units (DTU) 1 DTU for every 1 C/24 h Holding ranged from 216 to 221 DTU s (10 to 31d)

11 Water Chemistry Daily water chemistry (DO, ph, Temp.) Alkalinity, hardness, and conductivity measured on source water Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) measured at the termination of exposures in the negative and positive control test chambers

12 Concentration Verification Zequanox concentrations were verified by UV-VIS spectroscopy Niclosamide concentrations were verified by LC-MS EarthTec QZ and KCl concentrations were verified by MP-AES

13 Results Water Chemistry Water quality parameters (DO, ph, temp.) remained within acceptable criteria for aquaculture (Timmons and Ebling 2013) TAN concentrations in control test chambers remained well below the acceptable criteria for cool and warmwater aquaculture species and the 2013 EPA chronic criterion TAN in the 2 highest Zequanox concentrations at 22 C exceeded the 2013 EPA acute criterion magnitude

14 Results EarthTec QZ Temp. ( C) Exposure Duration (h) LC 50 LC 99 Concentration with 100% Mortality Ins. data NE > > > >

15 Results Niclosamide Temp. ( C) Exposure Duration (h) LC 50 LC 99 Concentration with 100% Mortality > > > > 0.09

16 Results Potassium Chloride Temp. ( C) Exposure Duration (h) LC 50 LC 99 Concentration with 100% Mortality 24 8,077 Ins. data NE Ins. data NE > ,496 Ins. data NE ,119 NE ,996 > 2, ,116 > 3,

17 Results Zequanox Temp. ( C) Exposure Duration (h) LC 50 LC 99 Concentration with 100% Mortality 8 Ins. data Ins. data NE Ins. data NE Ins. data NE 8 Ins. data Ins. data NE Ins. data NE Ins. data NE 8 48 Ins. data NE Ins. data NE > Ins. data NE > > 310

18 Results Minimum lethal dose for 100% mortality Temp. ( C) Exposure Duration (h) EarthTec QZ Niclosamide Potassium Chloride 24 NE > NE 7 96 > 58.8 > NE > > NE NE > > 2, > > 3, NE = not effective 2 100% lethality expected but not confirmed

19 Comparative Toxicity Zebra mussels & fish* Molluscicide Zebra Mussels Rainbow trout Channel catfish 48 h LC h LC h LC 50 Bayluscide KCl 150 1, CuSO Bayluscide = 84.3% niclosamide *Information from Waller et al Zebra mussels 20-25mm, 48 h post-exposure LC C reconstituted soft water ph 7.7, alkalinity 30 mg/l as CaCO 3, hardness 40mg/L as CaCO 3

20 Treatment Considerations 1. Extent of infestation is the treatment worthwhile? 2. Our study was laboratory based conducted with well water 3. Water temperature and water chemistry impacts toxicity a) Warmer temperatures = molluscide selection, toxicity b) Salinity = potassium chloride toxicity c) alkalinity and hardness = CU toxicity 4. Collateral damage 5. Ability to maintain an effective dose 6. Permitting requirements 7. Use of on-site or in situ bioassays are critical to determine efficacy

21 Questions?

22