Introduction to High Quality Water Infrastructure in Japan

Transcription

1 Introduction to High Quality Water Infrastructure in Japan Dr. Satoshi Takizawa Professor, Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo

2 Total length of water supply pipes in Japan 644,723 km = 16 rounds of the earth Year Category Water Supply 621, , ,361 Raw Water Conveyance pipes 9,838 9,875 9,939 Water Transmission pipes 20,727 21,128 21,387 Water Distribution pipes 591, , ,035 Bulk Water Supply 11,311 11,379 11,362 Raw Water Conveyance pipes 1,114 1,115 1,121 Water Transmission pipes 10,197 10,264 10,241 Total 632, , ,723 2

3 Waterworks in Japan First Modern Waterworks: Yokohama in 1887 Average Supply Volume: 326 LCD Total Population Water Supply Population 1,000 capita 1,000 capita 128, , , , , ,466 Coverage Ratio 97.5% 97.6% 97.8% Daily Maximum Water Supply Volume Daily Average Water Supply Volume 1,000 m 3 48,149 47,240 46,383 1,000 m 3 41,482 40,838 40,611 3

4 Reduction of Water Leakage Water Leakage: 7.2% (JPN Ave.) Tokyo Metro.: 2.0% (2012) 11% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 10.0% 9.7% 9.8% 8.9% 8.6% 9.1% 8.2% 8.7% 7.8% 7.7% 7.6% 8.3% 7.3% 7.2% 7.9% 7.6% 7.5% 7.1% 7.1% 7.2% 5% Reduction of water loss 4

5 Energy recovery from sewage sludge Small-scale hydropower station VVVF Inverter Pumps Variable flow Max. 50% energy saving 5

6 City-wide energy saving in Water Supply Energy consumption for water supply in Tokyo Water Tanks Water utility Water users Direct Supply Energy saving in 3 years: Tokyo Waterworks: Environmental Plan

7 Tokyo Olympic Game

8 Water reclamation and reuse by advanced wastewater treatment Ariake Water Reclamation Plant Improvement of landscape water quality ODAIBA Seaside Park BOD < 1mg/L COD 9mg/L T-N 11.5 mg/l T-P 0.3 mg/l Tokyo Big Sight Annual use for environmental restoration Toilet flushing Train washing Source: Bureau of Sewerage Works Bureau, MILT, 8

9 Energy recovery from sewage sludge Egg-Shape Sludge Digester Fuel Production from Sludge 9

10 Water shortage in Okinawa Island New water resources Rubber Gate Dams Desalination Dams, National Dams, prefectural National Dams Groundwater Traditional water source Dams, water utility Middle Rivers Northern Rivers Western Rivers Wells Desalination Plant Map of water resources in Okinawa (as of 2009) 0 10km Okinawa Pref. Population: 1.3 million Tourist: 5 million/year 10

11 Water shortage in Okinawa Island Precipitation (mm/year) 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, No-water Supply outage days Precipitation Water supply outage (days/year) Year Desalination capacity: 40,000 m 3 /d Total supply volume in Okinawa: 420,000 m 3 /d Desalination plant in full operation in

12 Water Systems in Okinawa Island: Multiple sources Western rivers (9 rivers) +Northern river (2 rivers) 14, P ,133 Western rivers (3 rivers) ,115 Northern rivers (2 rivers) Hanechi dam Fukuchi dam Yamashiro dam ,062 85,717 Others 3,919 Kanna dam + Kin dam , ,161 In:33.0, Out:33.0 Kushi WTP P 103, , P P 9,101 22,935 4, , , Nago WTP In:55.0, Out: ,731 Kurashiki dam P 4,372 Dam River Well WTP` Pump 4,447 10,204 Raw water 3,596 Ishikawa WTP In:32.0, Out: ,373 Chatan WTP In:129.0, Out: , , Middle rivers Primary treaterd water Distributed water Industrial water 4,565 59, Fig Hardness (mg/l) 43,233 Nishihara WTP In:32.0, Out: ,617 P Water Softening process ,172 Wells Figure Figure (10^3m3/year) (10^3m3/year) 12

13 Water Supply System in Japan Integrated management of water systems 1. Increasing water use efficiency by water saving and demand reduction 2. Leakage control 3. Source water protection 4. Advanced water treatment 5. Water quality management in pipes and at points of use 6. Anti-seismic structure and countermeasures 13

14 Japanese water technologies supporting sustainable cities of the future NRW control Equipments Hands-on training System Integration Water reuse Advanced water treatment High efficiency pumps Sludge treatment and energy recovery Desalination 14

15 We welcome you to come and see the advanced water technologies in Japan. Contact: Prof. Satoshi Takizawa,