Workshop on ASSESSING THE WATER-FOOD-ENERGY- ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION IN THE DRINA RIVER BASIN

Transcription

1 Workshop on ASSESSING THE WATER-FOOD-ENERGY- ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION IN THE DRINA RIVER BASIN Podgorica, Montenegro - April //

2 Sources National International Ministries with relation to the nexus components (plans, strategies, official reports and communications) Statistical offices Electricity utilities and Transmission System Operators Governmental Energy and environmental Agencies Hydrological institutes.

3 Key observations from the opinion based questionnaire : High degree of agreement in the point of views in general. Level of coordination between sectors in the national level and the transboundary level is not adequate. The economy in the basin is heavily dependant on single sector. The awareness of the local population about the environmental issues is a point on which there is disagreement. Water shortage is an important issue in the basin and it affecting different activities (Agriculture, Industry and Domestic) Water quality is affecting population s health and need to be improved. It is not clear (or agreed upon) if the energy policies and strategies can secure energy future. However, there is a great agreement on the importance of electricity trade between riparian countries for energy security.

4 G. Type of organization % % G. Geographical perspective that you represent G. AREA OF EXPERTISE % 9% % a. Private b. Administration (national) c. Administrator (local) d. Civil society e. NGO f. Academia % BA ME RS % % % % a. Water b. Food and land-use c. Environment and ecosystems d. Energy

5 Water Management W. Operation of reservoirs, hydro-power and water diversions have limited the availability for downstream water uses. W. Water shortages are expected in the future. W. There have been agricultural water shortages. W. There have been industrial water shortages. W. There have been municipal water shortages. W. Water availability has been an issue in the basin. % % % % % % % % % 9% % a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree

6 Water Quality W. Extreme climate events (floods & droughts) have impacted the region. W. Water availability has been impacted strongly with changing weather patterns. W. There have been serious water quality incidents in the past (such as chemical, microbial or pathogen pollution of drinking water). W. This (W) has impacted the ecology of the basin s water bodies W. Water quality has deteriorated. W. Industrial activities in the region (e.g. mineral industry) affect water quality. W. Wastewater treatment needs to be improved. W. Water quality will worsen in the future. W9. Water quality issues have impacted local health. % % % % % % a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree

7 Food and Land Use L. Protected areas are limiting economic activities. L. Agricultural land will be extended. L. Low water availability has affected crop yield. L. Land degradation is occurring in the basin area. L. Local agricultural production (and animal husbandry) will diminish. L. Agricultural practices (and animal husbandry) should be intensified. L. Most food consumed in the basin area is produced locally. % % % % % % % % % 9% % a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree

8 Food and Land Use L. Agricultural production negatively affects water quality. L. There have been unaffordable high food prices in the basin area (in the last years). L. Agricultural goods produced in the basin are exported to other regions and/or countries. L. Irrigation expansion in the basin will increase agriculture production. L. Crop yield is highly vulnerable and volatile in the basin area. L9. Frequency and duration of droughts have increased over the past. L. Extreme natural events have damaged crops and livestock. % % % % % % % % % 9% % a. Highly agree b. Agree c. Neutral d. Disagree e. Highly disagree

9 Energy E. The authorities are giving too much attention to the energy sector, at the expense of other sectors. E. Policies and strategies exist that will help the basin to have a secure energy future. E. There are clear procedures for taking environmental and social concerns into account when applying for the approval of an energy E. Current energy efficiency levels are low (production, transmission or use) E. Energy demand will increase significantly in the basin area. E. There is enough energy to reliably serve all needs in the basin. % % % % % % % % % 9% % Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree

10 Energy E. There are plans to expand Renewable energy deployment in the region. E. Electricity trade between riparian countries in the basin is essential for energy security. E9. Projects of cross-countrieshydropower facilities exist for the region. E. Operation of hydropower along the basin has impacted the flow regime of the river and downstream activities. E. Hydropower reservoirs are operated to gain multiple benefits outside of the energy sector, like flood control and navigation. % % % % % % Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree

11 Energy E. How significant is the impact of climate change on crucial energy infrastructure in the future? E. How significant is the impact of energy-related activities on the availability of water (quantity and timing)? E. How significant is the impact of energy-related activities on the water quality of the basin? E. How would you best describe past incidents regarding energy shortages in the basin? (in the last years) % % % % % % % % % 9% % Insignificant Local and moderate Local but severe Widespread but moderate Widespread and severe

12 Environment V. Sufficient measures have been taken to prevent natural disasters. V. Human activities are exacerbating the frequency of natural disasters. 9 V. Human activities are putting significant pressure on the local ecosystems. V. The environment should receive more attention from the authorities. V. Environmental performance of activities in the basin is satisfactory. % % % % % % % % % 9% % Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree

13 Environment V. Eco-tourism is/has the potential to be economically significant in the basin. V. Eco-tourism is expected to contribute positively for the preservation of environmental quality in the basin. 9 V. Climate change might present a/is a known threat to ecosystem services in the region. 9 V. Landscape changes over the past decade have been occurring in an environmentally detrimental manner. V9. Biodiversity loss is evident in the basin. V. Severe natural disasters frequently affect the basin. V. There are important habitats in the basin which require special protection. V. Sufficient measures have been taken to address the issue of ecosystem degradation. % % % % % % % % % 9% % Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree

14 Basin Overview O. Currently, there are no major socioeconomic challenges faced by the local population. O. One sector s objectives usually have a priority in political decision. O. Benefits from natural resources are equitably shared (across sectors/across countries). O. There is adequate coordination across sectors at the transboundary level. O. There is adequate coordination across sectors at the national level. % % % % % % % % % 9% % Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree

15 Basin Overview O. Population migration from the basin to cities has significant effect on the basin economy. O. The economy in the basin is heavily dependent on one single sector. O9. Local population have the means to influence major decisions influencing the basin. O. Local population is aware of environmental issues. O. Climate change is an important part of national policy agenda. O. The basin seems to be heading towards a secure socioeconomic future. % % % % % % % % % 9% % Highly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Highly disagree

16 Workshop on ASSESSING THE WATER-FOOD-ENERGY- ECOSYSTEMS NEXUS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION IN THE DRINA RIVER BASIN Podgorica, Montenegro - April //