Water Footprint Case Study: One load of laundry

Transcription

1 SETAC Europe Glasgow Anne-Marie Boulay, Jean-Baptiste Bayart, CecileBulle, Helen Franceschini, MasaharuMotoshita, Ivan Muñoz, Stephan Pfister, Manuele Margni Water Footprint Case Study: One load of laundry

2 Introduction Case study performed in collaboration with Quantis, Unilever, CIRAIG and ETH Zurich Presented as part B of the method comparison project Goal: illustrate how different water-related methods can be applied within a water footprint study of a laundry detergent and discuss their applicability

3 Load of laundry WF: system boundaries Suppliers Production of ingredient 1 Production of ingredient 2 Production of ingredient n Transportation of ingredient 1 Transportation of ingredient 2 Transportation of ingredient n VARIOUS COUNTRIES Manufacturing Production of packaging materials Transportation of packaging materials SPAIN Detergent manufacturing Packaging forming Packing Distribution Use Tap water supply Energy for heating and moving the drum Use FRANCE End-of-life End-of-life (packaging) End-of-life (laundry effluent, discharged into the sewer system) End-of-life (laundry effluent, directly released into the river) FRANCE

4 Methodology overview -Midpoint Water Footprint profile at midpoint: Water availability and water degradation Indicator Units Reference Water Availability 1 Scarcity: M-PfisterSc m 3 equivalent Pfister et al. 1 Scarcity: M-BoulaySc m 3 equivalent Boulay et al. 1 Scarcity: M-SwissSc ecopoints Swiss Eco-Scarcity 1 Scarcity: M-BWSSc m 3 equivalent WFN, Hoekstra et al. 1a Stress: M-BoulaySs m 3 equivalent Boulay et al. 1a Stress: M-WIIXSs m 3 equivalent Veolia Impact Index, Bayart el al. Water Degradation 2 Eutrophication Kg P equiv. ReCIPe 3 Acidification Kg equiv. SO 2 Impact Ecotoxicity CTUe equiv. Usetox 5 Human Toxicity CTUh equiv. Usetox

5 Methodology overview -Endpoint Water Footprint profile at endpoint: Ecosystems and human health impacts Indicator Units Reference Water Availability 6 HH : E-Pfister DALY/m 3 Pfister et al. 6 HH: E-Motoshita DALY/m 3 Motoshita et al. 6 HH : E_boulay_marg DALY/m 3 Boulay et al 6 HH :E-Boulay_distri DALY/m 3 Boulay et al. 7 ES : Terrestrial species PDF*m 2 *yr Pfister et al. deprivation 8 ES : Aquatic species PDF*m 3 *yr Hannafiah et al. deprivation 9 ES : Ground-water table PDF*m 2 *yr Van Zelm et al. lowering Water Degradation 10 ES:Thermal pollution PDF*m 2 *yr Verones et al. 11 ES: Eutrophication PDF*m 2 *yr Goedkoop et al. 12 ES: Acidification PDF*m 2 *yr Impact ES: Ecotoxicity PDF*m 2 *yr Usetox 14 HH: Human Toxicity DALY/m 3 Usetox

6 Methodology overview Sensitivity Analysis based on part A results: Inclusion of quality in availability assessment Monthly temporal resolution at the midpoint Inclusion/exclusion of trade effect at the endpoint Inclusion/exclusion of quality aspect in water deprivation for human health Including or excluding domestic users Regional effect : use and end-of-life stages moved from France to Spain and India (two countries that present different hydrological and socio-economic conditions)

7 Midpoint WF profile r scarcity m3 world-equivalent impact unit for each method (normalized) water 7.0E E E E E E E E E-03 Sensitivity Analysis End-of-life: packaging End-of-life: product Use: heating energy and moving the drum Use: tap water Manufacturing Suppliers Water Scarcity indicators 100% End-of-life: packaging 90% 80% 70% End-of-life: product Water degradation indicators 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ecotox Eutrophication Acidification Human Tox Use: heating energy and moving the drum Use: tap water Manufacturing 4.18E E E E-08 Suppliers CTUe kg P-eq kg SO2-eq CTUh

8 Scarcity vsstress Results in m3 equ uiv (per method) 8.E-02 6.E-02 4.E-02 2.E-02 0.E+00-2.E-02 Good quality input water Ambient quality input water End-of-life: packaging End-of-life: product Use: heating energy and moving the drum Use: tap water Manufacturing -4.E-02 Suppliers -6.E-02 M-BoulaySc M-Boulay-Ss M-WIIX-Ss M-Boulay-Ss M-WIIX-Ss 0.002

9 Endpoint WF profile Human health 4.5E E-09 Daly per load of laundry 4.0E E E E E E E-07 Daly per r load of laundry 1.4E E E E E E-10 Human health water footprint indicators End-of-life: packaging End-of-life: product Use: heating energy and moving the drum Use: tap water Manufacturing Suppliers Sensitivity analysis for water quality and trade effect 5.0E E E+00 Human Tox 0.0E+00 E-Motoshita agri E-Motoshita dom E-Pfister E-Boulay distri E- Boulay Marg E-Boulay distri - no quality E-Boulay Marg - no quality Motoshita agri no TE 4.24E E E E E E E E E-11

10 Endpoint WF profile Ecosystems Ecosystem impacts in PDF*m2*yr 2.5E E E E E E+00 Total: IMPACTS FROM WATER CONSUMPTION IMPACTS FROM WATER DEGRADATION End-of-life: packaging End-of-life: product Use: heating energy and moving the drum Use: tap water Manufacturing Suppliers Terrestrial species Groundwater level Aquatic species Ecotox Eutrophication Aquatic acidification Thermal pollution 3.58E E E E E E E-06 Terrestrial species Groundwater level Aquatic species Ecotox Eutrophication Aquatic acidification Thermal pollution

11 Discussion Extensive discussion on applicability covering these points: Scope, inventory and impact method challenges: Collecting water inventory data. Availability of relevant process data. Water treatment systems. Regionalization (Eco)toxicity M-WIIX-Ss, Water Impact Index. M-BoulaySs categories Method availability and coverage Stress indicators and double counting within a water footprint Outlook and future developments Databases and softwares Water Quality data Water Footprint as part of a complete LCA

12 12 Anne-Marie Boulay, Ph.D. Candidate CIRAIG École Polytechnique de Montréal