Grain: World Markets and Trade

Transcription

1 ruary 2019 Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Grain: World Markets and Trade Intense Competition Among Asian Rice Exporters Rice Exports Million Metric Tons India Thailand Vietnam Pakistan Burma The Asian rice market is experiencing a shake-up in exporter market shares as each supplier vies for limited business. Indian rice exports are set to rebound in 2019 as the country maintains its role as dominant supplier. The government sharply increased the Minimum Support Price this year, supporting additional acreage and resulting in a relatively large crop. Initially this domestic price support pressured export prices higher, but the depreciation of the rupee and the recent implementation of an export subsidy have helped to offset these forces. Government-held stocks are well above the desired buffer stock levels, ensuring ample supplies. Its chief competitor Pakistan is forecast to have marginal declines year to year in exportable supplies. Thai exports are set to contract more substantially. Carryin stocks are the lowest in a decade, held primarily by the private sector as the government has virtually depleted its stocks. Over the past couple of months, the strengthening baht has kept Thai prices well above other Asian exporters. Thailand is set to engage in intense competition with other Southeast Asian suppliers, so the relatively uncompetitive prices put it at a distinct disadvantage. Vietnam is expected to make some gains in the coming year. The country is well poised to continue to supply the Philippines, which has been a more active buyer in recent months, and where pending legislation would likely keep imports at robust levels. Likewise, Vietnam will benefit from mid-sized Southeast Asian suppliers Burma and Cambodia losing the duty-free advantage in the European market once afforded by the Everything But Arms agreement. In January 2019, the imposed significant import tariffs for these two suppliers, which combined have grown to account for nearly one-third of EU imports. This change will make Vietnamese rice relatively more competitive in the European market, while accelerating Burma and Cambodia s efforts to diversify to other markets. The most prominent shifting dynamic in 2019 is expected to be. While it has dominated global imports for the past 8 years, the country s demand for foreign rice appears to be waning and stricter controls are being implemented at the border. Meanwhile, the country is reemerging as a significant exporter, shipping volumes not seen in 1 years. Core suppliers to the Chinese market are beginning to diversify away to other markets, only to see Chinese rice competing abroad in several markets at even lower prices. Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA For subscription, click here to register:

2 Table of Contents The World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) and the Grain: World Markets and Trade report were not published in January 2019 due to the lapse in Federal funding. World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data WHEAT... 3 RICE... 6 COARSE GRAINS... 8 ENDNOTES DATA TABLES... 1 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:1 p.m. To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains. FAS Reports and Databases: Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online) Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports) Export Sales Report Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports) Other USDA Reports: World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ruary 2019

3 WHEAT OVERVIEW FOR Global wheat production is up this month mainly due to a larger crop in. Global trade is up marginally due to higher imports for Iraq and Turkey. Exports are raised for, Pakistan, and Turkey but cut for Australia. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $.1 per bushel. WHEAT PRICES Domestic: Overall, U.S. wheat prices were up at the end of January as export prospects improved amidst ideas of tighter international supplies. Hard Red Winter (HRW) increased $9/ton to $20, Soft Red Winter (SRW) up $7/ton to $227, and Soft White Winter (SWW) gained $11/ton to $29 based on weather-related concerns in winter wheat areas. Hard Red Spring (HRS) rose $8/ton to $ U.S. U.S. Daily Daily FOB FOB Export Bids Bids $/MT $/MT HRW HRW SRW SRW SWW SWW HRS HRS Source: IGC Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 ruary 2019

4 Global: Global exporter quotes were mostly up in January, except for Australia, which remained relatively unchanged. and prices are at the same levels year-over-year. Black Sea wheat prices ended higher than U.S., leaving the more competitive on the international market for the month of January. This seems likely to boost the monthly pace of U.S. exports. prices were up due to concerns over wet weather during harvest. Month Ending Australia Black Sea EU US January $23 $313 $26 $26 $20 $20 ember $233 $313 $239 $20 $238 $231 November $219 $31 $226 $269 $231 $239 Month Ending Prices for Major Wheat Exporters Source: IGC Note on FOB prices: %, up river; Australia- average of APW; Fremantle, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Black Seamilling; - CWRS 13.% St. Lawrence; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.% Gulf International Daily FOB Export Bids $/ton Australia Black Sea milling EU Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA ruary 2019

5 TRADE CHANGES IN (1,000 MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Australia Exports 10,00 10, Slow pace of exports due to drought Exports Larger crop Imports,000 3,00-00 Slower expected imports; higher domestic feeding of low-quality wheat Iraq Imports 3,700, Strong pace of trade, particularly flour from Turkey Pakistan Exports 1,000 1, Plentiful supplies and subsidized exports Paraguay Exports Larger crop and strong exports to Exports 36,00 37, Turkey Continued large monthly exports despite becoming less competitive Exports 6,000 6, Fast pace of flour exports Imports,700, Strong trade; importing grain to process and re-export as flour Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA ruary 2019

6 RICE OVERVIEW FOR Global rice production is raised as a larger crop in is only partially offset by a lower expected crop in. Global consumption and ending stocks are forecast higher. Imports are raised for the Philippines but lowered for. Reduced exports for Thailand and Cambodia are offset by significantly higher exports for. RICE PRICES Global: Export quotes from the Western Hemisphere dipped slightly over the past month, with U.S. quotes at $30/ton converging closer to Uruguayan quotes at $20/ton. Western Hemisphere quotes continue to remain well above those from Asian suppliers. Thai prices stayed elevated, reflecting a strengthening Thai baht. In contrast, Vietnamese quotes sank to $30/ton, drifting lower on weakened demand from. Pakistani quotes were lowered further to $3/ton on new crop availability, whereas Indian quotes remained relatively steady at $370/ton. 60 Weekly FOB Export Quotes: Last 12 Months $/MT Thailand Vietnam India Pakistan Uruguay *Note on FOB prices: Thailand - B, India - %, Vietnam - %, Pakistan %, - #2/ (long grain), Uruguay - % Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 ruary 2019

7 TRADE CHANGES IN 2019 (1,000 MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Bangladesh Imports Weak import demand amid ample domestic production Imports Smaller crop Imports,000,00-00 Larger production and slow pace of cross-border trade Cote d'ivoire Imports 1,0 1, Continued growth in consumption Nepal Imports Growing preference for Indian varieties Nigeria Imports 2,00 2, Restrictive trade policies constrain consumption growth Philippines Imports 1,800 2, Turkey Imports Venezuela Imports 0 0 Burma Exports 3,000 2, Cambodia Exports 1,300 1, Exports 1,900 2, Expected continued robust purchases from competitively priced exporters Weakening of lira and sufficient domestic production Ongoing staple foods purchases despite dire economic situation Facing higher tariffs into the European Union and reduced demand from Facing higher tariffs into the European Union Sales of old-crop rice expected to accelerate, particularly to African countries Thailand Exports 10,300 10, Uncompetitive prices TRADE CHANGES IN 2018 (1,000 MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Imports Imports,800, Cote d'ivoire Imports 1,00 1,00 Egypt Imports Indonesia Imports 2,10 2, Nigeria Imports 2, - Philippines Imports 1,900 2, Venezuela Imports Exports 1,00 1,2 19 Exports 1,700 2,08 38 India Exports 12,00 11, Thailand Exports 10,700 11,07 37 Exports 2,900 2,800 - Uruguay Exports Vietnam Exports 6,700 6, Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 ruary 2019

8 COARSE GRAINS OVERVIEW FOR Global corn production is down this month as reductions for the, Mexico, and South Africa slightly offset larger crops for,, and. Both and are forecast to have record crops. Global trade is minimally changed as higher imports for Chile and South Africa slightly offset a reduction for Venezuela. For exports, reductions for, Mexico, and South Africa more than offset gains for and. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $3.60 per bushel. CORN PRICES Global: Corn prices have trended up since the previous WASDE (ember). Over the near 2- month period, bids moved up $9/ton to $176, and bids were up $7/ton to $18. Black Sea bids have jumped $16/ton to $182 on strong demand from. U.S. bids rose steadily by $/ton to $17. U.S. prices remain competitive. 220 Corn Daily FOB Export Bids $/MT Corn - Corn US - Corn Black Sea - Corn Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 ruary 2019

9 MARKET FEATURE Corn Import Demand in South and Southeast Asia 1 Continues to Grow Regional Corn Imports Imports by Origin MMT 18 MMT South Asia Southeast Asia Imports from U.S. Imports from Rest of World Robust demand for corn (as both food and feed) has necessitated imports to supplement domestic production in South and Southeast Asia. Growth in feed use, particularly for hog and poultry sectors, has been the major driver, more than doubling corn imports in both regions since 2012/13; this is attributable to corn s current price competitiveness relative to other feedstuffs such as wheat and barley. In Southeast Asia, Vietnam and Malaysia lead the region in corn imports, driven by strong consumer demand for pork and poultry, respectively. Bangladesh is the leading corn importer in South Asia, following growth in the aquaculture industry. Among major exporters of corn to South and Southeast Asia, the continues to lag behind and. is the primary exporter to Bangladesh, and is the primary exporter to Vietnam and Malaysia. Traders in these regions prefer South American corn due to market perceptions over kernel hardness, moisture levels, and breakage. However, the competitive pricing of U.S. corn could open opportunities in these price-sensitive markets. 1 South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 ruary 2019

10 TRADE CHANGES IN (1,000 MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Barley Exports 2,800 3, 300 Larger crop Corn Exports 27,00 26,00-1,000 Smaller-than-expected port loadings in recent months Australia Sorghum Exports Smaller crop Barley Exports,00, Reflecting weaker demand from Sorghum Exports 1,00 1, Smaller crop Corn Exports 26,00 28,000 1,00 Larger shipments in -Jan Chile Corn Imports 2, To offset a reduction for oats in feed Barley Imports 9,200 8,000-1,200 Reflecting the pace to date Sorghum Imports 1, Smaller supplies from Australia Mexico Corn Exports 1,300 1, Smaller crop Saudi Arabia Barley Imports 8,000 8,00 00 Trade to date Corn Exports 1,900 1, Smaller crop South Africa Corn Imports Expectations to mitigate the tighter domestic crop Turkey Barley Imports Trade to date Barley Exports,00, Smaller crop Corn Exports 28,000 28,00 00 Larger crop Venezuela Corn Imports 1,00 1, Reflecting smaller exports from Mexico TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18 (1,000 MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Barley Imports Sorghum Exports Bangladesh Corn Imports 1,00 1,1-3 Barley Exports 2,00 2, Corn Exports 18,00 18,036-6 Iran Barley Imports 3,200 2, Barley Exports,300 3,188-1,112 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 ruary 2019

11 ENDNOTES REGIONAL TABLES North America:, Mexico, the Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French West Indies, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica and Dep, Leeward-Windward Islands, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands South America:, Bolivia,, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom Other Europe: Albania, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova,, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,, Uzbekistan Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa East Asia:, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Taiwan South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 ruary 2019

12 OTHER NOTES Local Marketing Years (LMY): LMY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main harvest, when the crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed begins a country's LMY for that commodity (2016/17 starts in 2016); except for summer grains in certain Southern Hemisphere countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second year begins the LMY (2016/17 starts in 2017). Key exporter LMY s are: Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum (/Nov) (Mar/) Australia (Nov/Oct) (Mar/) Australia (Oct/Sep) (Mar/) (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/) (Aug/Jul) (Oct/Sep) (Jul/Jun) (Sep/Aug) (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) (Jul/Jun) (Jul/Jun) (Sep/Aug) (Jul/Jun) India (Apr/Mar) (Jun/May) Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun) (Jul/Jun) Turkey (Jun/May) (Jul/Jun) (Jun/May) For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local marketing years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in time. Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however, reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only. Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables contain Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for analytical comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year. EU Consolidation: The trade figures starting from 1999/00 represent the (Croatia plus the former EU-27) and exclude all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through 1998/99, figures are the EU-1 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-1 member states' data for grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10, plus Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00. Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat, flour, and selected pasta products on a grain equivalent basis. (2) Rice trade statistics include rough, brown, milled, and broken on a milled equivalent basis. (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains. Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries, and trade to countries outside the USDA database. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 ruary 2019

13 The Global Commodity Analysis Division,, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, Washington, DC 2020, prepared this circular. Information is gathered from official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. agricultural attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information. Further information may be obtained by writing the Division or telephoning (202) Note: For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production ruary This circular is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home Page. The address is: Andrew Sowell (202) Wheat Shelbi Knisley (202) Wheat Rachel Trego (202) Rice/Wheat Nicole Podesta (202) Rice Yoonhee Macke (202) Coarse Grains Kevin Min (202) Coarse Grains Daniel Alvarado (202) Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 ruary 2019

14 DATA TABLES Page Intentionally Left Blank Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 ruary 2019

15 All Grain Summary Comparison Million Metric Tons Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 2016/ / / / / /18 Production (Jun-May) Other ,122. 1,07.6 1,099.6 Domestic Consumption (Jun-May) Other ,09.1 1, ,123.0 Ending Stocks (Jun-May) Other TY Imports (Jun-May) Other TY Exports (Jun-May) Other Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 ruary 2019

16 World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports,200 8,70 12,27 13,7 13,00 13,00 Australia 16,7 1,780 22,061 1,12 10,00 10,000 2,883 22,118 20,23 21,989 3, 3,763 27,26 23, Kazakhstan,07 7,600 7,20 8,600 8,00 8,00 Pakistan ,200 1,000 1,300 22,800 2,3 27,809 1,19 36,00 37,000 Serbia , ,00 1,00 Turkey,13,60 6,177 6,218 6,000 6,300 11,269 17,31 18,107 17,77 16,00 16,00 12,819 11,07 9,916 9,068 9,3 9, ,936 10,1 12,933 19,86 19,3 10,03 23,023 21,817 29,319 23,067 29,000 29, ,99 171, ,22 182,3 178,3 179,03 TY Imports Afghanistan 2,700 2,700 2,700 3,00 3,00 Algeria 7,27 8,13 8,1 8,172 7,000 7,000 Bangladesh 3,929,720,6 6,10 6,000 6,000,869,922 7,788 6,702 7,00 7,00 1,926 3,76,10,000,000 3,00 Colombia 1,627 2,032 2,110 1,97 Egypt 11,300 11,92 11,17 12,07 12,00 12,00,979 6,928,299,82 6,00 6,00 Indonesia 7,77 10,0 10,176 10,16 10,000 10,000 Iraq 2,23 2,218 2,6,108 3,700,200 Japan,878,71,911,876,800,800 Kenya 1,07 1,63 1,77 2,17 Korea, South 3,92,20,667,269,, Mexico,71,80,370,2,600,600 Morocco,086,03,191 3,60 3,000 3,000 Nigeria,2,10,972,08,200,200 Peru 1,922 1,879 1,961 2,030 2,00 2,00 Philippines,0,918,70,987,800,800 Saudi Arabia 3,99 2,931 3,716 3,0 3,00 3,00 Sudan 2,632 2,021 2,8 2,78 2,00 2,00 Thailand 3,92,872 3,689 3,098 3,000 3,000 Turkey,960,0,2 6,130,700,300 Uzbekistan 2,230 2,662 2,96 3,119 3,200 3,200 Vietnam 2,292 3,070,3,6,00,00 Yemen 3,2 3,332 3,278 3,009 3,000 3,000 0,78 1,877,197 1,167 1,26 1,276 1,86 16,73 17,63 17, , ,26 Unaccounted 3,11 3,331 3,323,17 2,717 3,327 3,989 3,07 3,29,38 3,70 3,70 161,99 171, ,22 182,3 178,3 179,03 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 ruary 2019

17 World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Production 19,200 19,00 18,00 18,00 11,300 13,930 17,000 17,000 21,300 31,819 22,27 23,73 Australia 31,800 31,800 29,98 32,10 27,67 29,2 131,30 132,02 13,33 133, , ,321 8,0 8,0 8,0 8, 8, 8,300 Egypt 137, ,600 11,26 1, ,80 16,912 99,700 99,700 98,10 87,000 86,30 9,80 India 1,00 1,00 1,000 1,00 1,00 13,000 Iran 1,000 1,000 1,802 1,98 13,78 12,996 Kazakhstan 7,30 7,30 7,092 2,731 8,06,116 Morocco 2,00 2,00 26,67 2,633 2,086 2,979 Pakistan 71,600 70,000 8,992 72,29 61,0 9,080 19,000 19,000 21,000 17,20 19,00 1,20 Turkey 2,000 2,000 26,981 26,791 27,27 2,70 6,000 6,000 6,900 6,90 7,200 7,10 Uzbekistan,338 3,23 1,012 6,218 6,911,09 683,8 682,127 71,79 693, ,298 67,228 1,287 1,287 7,380 62,832 6,117,17 73,7 733,1 763,17 76,08 738,1 730,37 Total Consumption 10,600 10,600 10,0 10,30 10,20 10,00 Algeria 9,000 9,000 7,7 7,0 7,12 7,200 Australia 12, 12, 1 12,200 11, 10,700 9,300 9,300 9,16 10,803 7,969 9,118 12, , , , ,00 117,00 20, 20, 19,800 19,00 19,200 19, Egypt 12,000 12, ,00 128, ,80 12,677 98,000 98,000 9,83 97,120 88,1 93,102 India 10,200 10,200 10,600 10,000 9, 7,36 Indonesia 17, 17, 16,900 16,70 16,600 16,00 Iran 10,600 10,600 10,00 10,200 9,800 9,000 Morocco 2,300 2,300 2,000 2,00 2,00 2,00 Pakistan 0,00 0,00 3,000 0,000 37,000 3,00 18,000 18,000 18,000 17,00 18,000 17,00 Turkey 9,700 9,700 9,700 9,300 9,30 8,900 Uzbekistan 17, , , ,08 16,926 18,12 716,91 713,981 71, ,98 68,39 673,73 30,291 31,271 29,36 31,863 31,9 31,328 77,232 7,22 7, ,87 716,338 70,081 Ending Stocks,8,8,29,13,37 3,768 Algeria,130,130 6,180 6,86,178 7, ,993 13,6 131,263 11,929 96,996 79,110,68,68,318 3,991,607,336 Egypt 11,232 11,232 1,132 10,73 1,92 12,697 1,603 1,603 13,203 9,800 1,0 17,220 India 6,68,368 11,868 10,830,607 6,287 3,189 2,261 6,621 67,362 71,06 71,312 20,037 21,81 20,11 228,91 217, ,831 27,97 26,17 29,907 32,131 26,2 20,77 267,3 268, , ,06 2,38 222,308 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 ruary 2019

18 Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Imports North America 9,00 8,373 9,167 10,08 9,800 9,800 Central America 1,83 1,83 1,993 1,909 1,98 1,98 South America 13,217 13,37 16,277 1,320 16,33 16,33-28,979 6,928,299,82 6,00 6,00 Other Europe 1,760 1,838 1,986 1,888 1,92 1,92 Former Soviet Union ,678 7,02 7,238 8,221 8,160 8,160 Middle East 26,928 2,99 22,773 2,177 23,60 2,690 North Africa 2,30 27,873 28,273 27,09 2,700 2,700 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,936 22,767 22,092 2,97 2,27 2,17 East Asia 1,11 16,226 17,3 16,602 16,20 1,70 South Asia 8,16 8,823 1,69 10,808 10,806 10,806 Southeast Asia 20,76 2,83 27,70 26,7 2,900 2,900 3,22 3,17 3,27 3, 3,0 3,0 Total 18,8 168, , ,379 17, ,176 Production North America 88,29 87,7 98,837 80,88 86,087 86,087 South America 2,87 21,601 28,819 2,699 27,632 28, , ,80 1,369 11,26 137, ,600 Other Europe,088,39,79,039,030,030 Former Soviet Union , , ,087 12,366 12,81 126,01 Middle East 3,1 2,0 38,791 1,8 39,860 39,910 North Africa 17,029 19,976 1,081 19,26 21,180 21,180 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,37 7,69 7,7 7,91 7,879 7,81 East Asia 129, ,972 13,73 13,6 133, ,76 South Asia 130,10 119, , , ,26 132,26 Oceania 2,17 22,689 32,278 21,709 17,60 17, Total 730,37 738,1 76,08 763,17 733,1 73,7 Domestic Consumption North America 7,296 6,913 0,66 6,220 8,271 7,291 South America 27,06 27,71 28,6 28,913 29,9 29, , ,80 128, ,00 12,000 12,000 Other Europe,87,90,0,030,190,190 Former Soviet Union ,98 77,700 78,60 81,80 78,0 78,0 Middle East 7,20 8,887 9,061 60,3 60,930 61,280 North Africa 2,726 3,666,0,12,900,900 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,08 29,08 29,72 31,68 32,09 32,309 East Asia 130,97 130, ,91 13,1 136, ,167 South Asia 132, ,91 139, ,79 11,07 11,07 Southeast Asia 19,29 23,131 26,37 26,33 26,11 26,11 Oceania 8,6 8,00 8,83 8,90 10, 10, 3,7 3,82 3,83 3,837 3,900 3,900 Total 700,32 713,66 73,20 72,106 73,679 7,799 Ending Stocks North America 28,290 32,390 39,863 36,8 32,31 33,29 South America 8,37 3,989,723,3 3,830, ,697 1,92 10,73 1,132 11,232 11,232 Other Europe 1,321 1,76 1,909 1,826 1,911 1,911 Former Soviet Union ,66 16,978 21,227 20,881 12,37 13,627 Middle East 20,038 22,1 18,617 17,971 13,796 1,36 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,890 1,631 1,926 1,926 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,0 3,829 2,99 2,968 2,813 2,678 East Asia 82,222,38 118,10 13,191 16,19 12,623 South Asia 23,109 21,026 16,66 20,392 20,7 19,77 Southeast Asia 3,921,1,86,233 3,988 3,988 Oceania,97,133,998 6,206 3,731, Total 222,308 2,38 261,06 280, , ,3 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 ruary 2019

19 World Rice Trade January/ember Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports , Burma 1,73 1,300 3,30 2,800 3,000 2,800 Cambodia 1,10 1,00 1,10 1,200 1,300 1, ,173 2,08 1,900 2, Guyana India 11,06 10,00 12,60 11,800 12,00 12,00 Pakistan,000, 3,62,300,20,20 Paraguay South Africa Thailand 9,779 9,867 11,61 11,07 10,300 10,000 Uruguay , Vietnam 6,606,088 6,88 6,90 7,000 7,000 1,71 1,27 1,10 1,3 1, ,363 36,82,763,230,107,92 3,381 3,3 3,39 2,800 3,200 3,200 2,7 0,207 8,112 8,030 8,307 8,12 TY Imports Benin Burkina Cameroon ,10,600,900,600,000,00 Cote d'ivoire 1,10 1,300 1,30 1,00 1,0 1,600 1,786 1,816 1,98 Ghana Guinea Haiti Indonesia 1,30 1, , Iran 1,300 1, 1,00 1,20 1,00 1,00 Iraq 1, ,060 1,10 1,300 1,300 Japan Kenya Malaysia 1, ,000 1,000 Mexico Mozambique Nepal Nigeria 2, 2, 2,00 2,00 2,200 Philippines 800 1,200 2,300 1,800 2,300 Saudi Arabia 1,601 1,260 1,19 1,20 1,300 1,300 Senegal , 1, 1,20 1,20 South Africa ,0 1,000 1,000 1,000 United Arab Emirates ,391 11,98 1,76 1,906 1,390 1,230 39,383 36,889,02,028,29,33 Unaccounted 2,60 2,1 2,923 2,17 3,112 2, ,7 0,207 8,112 8,030 8,307 8,12 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, and so on. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 ruary 2019

20 World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Milled Production Bangladesh 3,00 3,00 3,78 32,60 3,00 3,00 8,6 7,210 8,383 8,208 8,160 7,72 Burma 12,600 12,160 12,60 13,200 13,120 13,120 Cambodia,92,931,26,399,00,00 16,726 18,99 17,766 18,873 13,82 18,90 India 10,82 10,08 109, , , ,000 Indonesia 3,60 36,200 36,88 37,000 37,300 37,300 Japan 8,079 7,876 7,929 7,787 7,700 7,700 Korea, South,21,327,197 3,972 3,868 3,868 Nepal 3,190 2,863 3,80 3,310 3,30 3,30 Nigeria 3,782 3,91,10,662,788,788 Pakistan 7,003 6,802 6,89 7,0 7,00 7,00 Philippines 11,91 11,008 11,686 12,23 12,10 12,10 Thailand 18,70 1,800 19,200 20,370 20,700 20,700 Vietnam 28,166 27,8 27,00 28,71 29,069 29,069 1,70 2,107 3,80 2,913 1,81 1,881 7,123 70,216 83,820 89,10 8,208 88,78 7,106 6,131 7,117,69 6,931 7,119 82,229 76,37 90,937 9,069 91,139 9,867 Consumption and Residual Bangladesh 3, 3, 3,000 3,200 3,200 3,200 7,92 7,900 8,000 7,800 8,02 7,70 Burma 10,00 10,00 10,000 10, 10,200 10,200 Cambodia 3,900 3,900,000,10,200,200 11,000 11,028 11,761 12,87 12,782 13,790 Egypt,000 3,900,300,200,, India 98,2 93,68 9,776 98,660,000,000 Indonesia 38,300 37,80 37,800 38, 38, 38, Japan 8,830 8,806 8,730 8,6 8,600 8,600 Korea, South,197,212,61,883,673,673 Nepal 3,770 3,33,010 3,96,130,230 Nigeria 6, 6,00 6,700 7, 7,00 7,200 Philippines 13,000 12,900 12,900 13,20 13,00 13,60 Thailand 10,000 9, 1 10,600 10,00 10,00 Vietnam 2 22, ,200 22,200 61,89 62,337 6,99 67,03 68,882 69,09 70,61 6,28 79,87 78,8 8,337 8,979,28 3,78,230,279,223,287 7,8 68,862 83,817 82,727 89,60 90,266 Ending Stocks 76,000 88,000 98,00 109, , ,000 India 17,800 18,00 20,0 22,600 21, 21, Indonesia,111 3,09 2,91,113,061,111 Japan 2,821 2,2 2,10 2,167 1,882 1,882 Philippines 2,09 2,117 2,003 2,288 2,738 3,088 Thailand 11,270 8,03,238 3,183 3,308 3,633 Vietnam 1,29 1, 967 1,28 1,07 1,17 17,8 16,0 16,636 16,91 1,3 1, ,2 11,086 18, , ,81 166,129 1,2 1,7 1, ,03 1,9 13,076 12,61 19, , ,2 167,62 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 ruary 2019

21 Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Imports North America 1,838 1,8 2,061 2,07 2,160 2,160 Caribbean 1,1 1,109 1,13 1,230 1,21 1,21 South America 1,686 2,01 1,888 1,88 1,830 2,030 Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East 6,6,683 6,390 6,29 6,93 6,87 North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 11,313 12,179 1,619 1,30 1,280 1,230 East Asia 6,686 6,097 7,18 6,216 6,60 6,10 South Asia 1,693 9,007 2,82 1,900 1,80 Southeast Asia,677 3,933 3,676 6,6,760,260 1,786 1,816 1,98 Total 0,10 37,66,189,883,19,23 Production North America 7,28 6,287 7,292,82 7,109 7,297 Caribbean South America 16,81 1,763 16,790 16,898 16, 16, ,9 2,00 2,087 1,99 1,99 Former Soviet Union ,180 1,27 1,29 1,22 1,237 1,20 Middle East 2,2 2,392 2,28 2,6 2,283 2,283 North Africa,3,0,837,30 2,82 2,82 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,26 16,11 17,9 17,1 18,26 18,26 East Asia 161, , , ,33 17, ,796 South Asia 13,29 12,213 16,96 18,893 19,386 19,386 Southeast Asia 11,91 111,09 116, ,96 121, ,710 Total 82,229 76,37 90,937 9,069 91,139 9,867 Domestic Consumption North America,17,80,99,01,3,99 Central America 1,196 1,27 1,296 1,292 1,32 1,37 Caribbean 2,029 1,97 2,06 1,990 2,118 2,118 South America 1,991 1,991 1,012 1,00 1,29 1, ,00 3,0 3,600 3,700 3,70 3,70 Former Soviet Union ,03 1,98 1,1 1,9 1,619 1,619 Middle East 9,000 8,9 8,788 9,069 9,12 9,1 North Africa,07,279,72,680,92,92 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,017 28,066 30,89 31,910 33,3 33,20 East Asia 17,296 16,82 18,370 19,1 19, ,288 South Asia 13, ,767 11,637 1,7 16,20 16,30 Southeast Asia 102,62 101, ,89 103,26 103,981 10,131 Total 72,739 66,832 77,83 82,82 86,71 87,77 Ending Stocks North America 1,717 1,602 1,63 1,129 1,621 1,719 Central America Caribbean South America 2,32 1,829 2,01 2,021 1,91 1, ,11 1,183 1,192 1,12 1,036 1,036 Middle East 1,72 1,21 1,133 1,021 1, North Africa ,26 1, Sub-Saharan Africa 3,317 2,87 3,212 2,87 2,69 2,66 East Asia 80,83 92, ,03 112,77 116,00 119,00 South Asia 21,31 21,76 23,202 2,791 2,322 2,118 Southeast Asia 21,03 17,980 11,826 12,79 13,361 1,696 Oceania Total 13,076 12,61 19, , ,2 167,62 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 ruary 2019

22 World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports 21,003 2,291 26,10 2,31 30,80 29,80 Australia 7,286 6,389 10,28 7,162 7,22 6,62 21,9 3,1 19,797 2,173 26,1 28,01 3,60,693,02,73,0,0 1,068 10,979 8,192 7,828 7,02 7,02 Kazakhstan ,71 2,060 2,060 Paraguay 3,031 2,663 1,767 1,81 2,21 2,21 9,1 8,6 9,28 11,37 7,70 7,910 Serbia 3,001 1,93 2, ,780 2,780 2,208 21,6 26,868 21,00 32,660 32,870 8,633 7,939 9,33 10,088 8,87 8,21 117,1 12,73 119, ,98 133,77 133,097 6,19 9,230 61,788 68,73 6,13 6,13 173,870 18,96 181,71 186, , ,232 TY Imports Algeria,863,22,9,66,67,67 Bangladesh 8 1,036 1,181 1,1 1,023 2,123 3,177 1,27 1,60 1,60 1,723 1, ,837 1,310 1,310 Chile 1,707 1,721 1,80 1,976 2,130 2,330 2,699 17,99 16,0 16,2 16,30 1,80 Colombia,77,82,013,39,83,83 Dominican Republic 1,202 1,31 1,29 1,329 1,00 1,00 Egypt 7,938 8,79 8,79 9,1 9,720 9,720 9,08 1,90 1,633 19,269 22,3 22,0 Guatemala 881 1, ,091 1,200 1,200 Iran 8,000 8,300 10,000 11,600 12,00 12,00 Israel 1,601 1,09 1,90 2,139 1,98 1,98 Japan 16,726 17,073 17,000 17,80 17,270 17,270 Jordan 1,8 1,713 1,88 1,28 1,00 1,00 Korea, South 10,27 10,213 9,308 10,192 10,390 10,390 Malaysia 3,23,122 3,31 3,6,000,000 Mexico 11,60 1,827 1,283 16,396 17,310 17,310 Morocco 2,217 3,182 2,7 2,96 2,702 2,702 Peru 2,863 3,083 3,38 3,8 3,60 3,60 Saudi Arabia 11,11 13,992 11,82 11,783 13,010 13,10 Taiwan 3,938,781,267,13,200,200 Tunisia 1,2 1,713 1,7 1,688 1,00 1,00 Turkey 2, ,712 3,318 2,30 2,0 Vietnam 6,72 8,679 8,661 9,677 11,12 11,12 22,393 23,09 22,6 18,68 19,330 19,9 166, ,0 17, 183, , ,827 Unaccounted,,78 3,87 6,,20 3,29 3,981 3,1 2,926 3,300 3, ,870 18,96 181,71 186, , ,232 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 ruary 2019

23 World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Production 3,92 0,33 39,320 8,69 38,39 36,782 10,66 10,86 11,908 17,266 12, 12,60 Australia 97,22 97,22 8,08 101,7 68,69 87,671 26,20 26,20 26,23 26,623 2,769 22,107 26,13 263,80 266,71 270, ,87 26,23 1,180 1,180 13,960 1,09 1,19 1,2 Ethiopia 16,902 17,192 12,92 12,829 12,66 170,670 2,20 2,20 6,970 3,70 38,701 3,076 India 11,900 11,900 11,00 10,900 10,00 9,000 Indonesia 31,290 31,690 33,071 33,263 32,378 32,689 Mexico 19,300 19,300 18,800 18,823 19,02 18,31 Nigeria 3,66 3,72 1,712 0,76 37,27 0,386 12,083 12,608 1,000 18,117 8,68 11,079 South Africa 13,61 13,1 12,271 10,776 1,181 9,311 Turkey 3,99 3,69 3,071 39,217 33,387 39, , ,839 16, ,88 16,3 16, ,21 988,96 972,3 1,011,099 93, ,78 379,920 38,117 38,387 02, , ,279 1,372,13 1,373,613 1,36,80 1,13,706 1,302,787 1,36,027 Domestic Consumption 18,308 16,93 18,013 16,0 1,221 1,232 70,02 70,02 68,181 6,032 9,823 60,009 23,01 23,01 23,268 21,971 20,909 21,299 29,780 29, ,980 27,98 20, ,709 17,138 17,138 16,779 16,027 1,803 1,832 Egypt 1,08 1,08 1,13 1,12 1,21 13,680 Ethiopia 16,770 16, , ,80 17,12 162,92,16,17,869 2,37 0,201 0,7 India 16,720 16,720 1,820 13,820 1,020 12,020 Iran 17,1 17,1 17,76 17,22 17,28 16,876 Japan 9,90 9,90 8,210 6,8,71 2,17 Mexico 19,00 19,00 18,80 19,219 18,990 18,132 Nigeria 27,16 27,2 31,01 32,07 29,71 31,139 16,161 1,961 1,231 12,891 1,021 12,91 Turkey 1,32 1,32 13,77 13,00 12,279 9,2 Vietnam 261,62 260,39 29,300 27,663 20,11 20,883 1,077,18 1,07,878 1,06,976 1,01,193 97,19 969,7 327,76 332,809 32, ,18 312,97 311,38 1,0,183 1,07,687 1,371,23 1,378,711 1,269,791 1,280,99 Ending Stocks 8,39,60,078 6,698 3,268,27 8,326 9,326 8,11 1,92 7,010 8,23 3,1 3,1,29,62,971 3,13 208,32 208, ,207 22,23 213,329 17,300 13,01 13,280 16,6 1,202 1,739 18,88 3,922,06 6,262 6,000,83,832 Mexico 2,662 2,9 2,808 3,009 3,172 3,291 0,22 39,976,38 7,083 8,036 2, , , ,13 322, , ,28 8,283 8,63 7,919 62,168 8,112 6,98 337,006 33, ,0 38,67 39,72 316,76 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 ruary 2019

24 Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Imports North America 16,68 19,91 19,7 21,19 21,920 21,820 Central America 3,6 3,938 3,799,001,200,200 Caribbean 2, 2,97 2,69 2,6 2,80 2,80 South America 13,3 13,8 1,09 1,81 1,30 1, ,08 1,90 1,633 19,269 22,3 22,0 Former Soviet Union Middle East 27,608 29,73 30,1 33,61 3,026 3,81 North Africa 18,228 20,819 19,337 19,770 19,97 19,97 Sub-Saharan Africa,083 6,07 6,667 3,310 3,921,221 East Asia 6,68 9,600 6,723 8,761 8,260 6,760 Southeast Asia 1,786 1,89 1,169 1,629 17,26 17,26 1,970 3,036 2,96 2,876,098,088 Total 169,2 180,86 177,88 186,16 19,12 19,027 Production North America 32,07 2,1 62,93 3,701 3,07 37,0 South America 139,7 122, ,1 137, ,20 16, ,670 12,66 12,829 12,92 17,192 16,902 Other Europe 10,927 9,271 11,1 7,188 10,11 10,11 Former Soviet Union ,963 82,70 92,737 88,938 92,898 93,26 Middle East 17,036 21,60 18,083 19,82 20,12 20,326 North Africa 10,927 12,289 9,263 11,177 13,392 13,392 Sub-Saharan Africa 109,81 102,22 116,71 11, , ,69 East Asia 29,203 27,79 273,68 269, ,18 267,88 South Asia,69 0,627 6,97 60,9 6,39 6,39 Southeast Asia 30,99 31,988 3,006 33,71 3,313 3,313 Oceania 13,283 13,236 17,883 12,388 11,78 11,278,760,392,97,003,861,861 Total 1,36,027 1,302,787 1,13,706 1,36,80 1,373,613 1,372,13 Domestic Consumption North America 37,88 378, ,33 39,7 0,76 00,720 South America 98,737 98,62 103,17 110,91 112,1 113, ,92 17,12 160,80 162,670 16,770 16,770 Other Europe 8,37 8,3 9,02 7,80 8,277 8,277 Former Soviet Union ,67 3,7 6,36,717 0,913 1,171 Middle East,6 1,60 0,391 3,861,991,26 North Africa 30,168 32,12 30,93 31,336 31,873 31,873 Sub-Saharan Africa 109,69 107,72 11,66 11,373 11,08 11,08 East Asia 266,89 28, ,02 318, , ,762 South Asia 2,617 3,81 6,69 60,906 60,79 60,78 Southeast Asia 1,23,038,979 6,827 8,6 8,6 Oceania,86 6,29 6,79 6,6,191,91 10,30 10,897 11,37 11,96 12,021 12,021 Total 1,26,839 1,287,323 1,32,712 1,37,921 1,00,801 1,397,8 Ending Stocks North America,293 8,918 73,730 68,710 6,123,719 South America 1,928 13,618 2,377 16,68 18,317 20, ,88 1,739 1,202 16,6 13,280 13,01 Other Europe 1, , ,09 1,03 Former Soviet Union ,926 6,317 6,936,961,22,68 Middle East 8,999 9,20,90 6,38,679,89 North Africa,12,83 3,783 3,37,32,03 Sub-Saharan Africa 12,2 10,22 12,08 13,013 9,82 10,010 East Asia 178, , ,31 227,62 212, ,00 South Asia,328 3,,186,92 3,33 3,2 Southeast Asia,171,07 3,890 2,90 3,202 3,202 Oceania 1,66 1,619 2,71 2,008 1,271 1,272 1,123 1,11 1,198 1, Total 316,76 39,72 38,67 370,0 33, ,006 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ruary 2019

25 World Corn Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports 18,8 21,679 22,91 22,92 27,00 26,00 21,909 3,382 19,79 2,168 26,00 28,000 Burma 1,20 1,000 1, 1,200 1,200 1, ,767 1, 1,973 1,600 1,600,027 1,93 2,189 1,79 1,00 1,00 Paraguay 3,012 2,662 1,77 1,76 2,200 2,200 3,213,691,89,32 3,000 3,000 Serbia 2,96 1,60 2, ,700 2,700 South Africa ,816 2,361 1,900 1,600 19,661 16,9 21,33 18,036 28,000 28,00,93,78,708,78,12,82 81,9 93,832 86,196 87,01 101,22 101,62 6,831 1,098,93 63, ,390 1,930 11,789 10, ,22 163,62 TY Imports Algeria,116,329 3,91,200,00,00 Bangladesh 8 1,036 1,181 1,1 3 1,66 2, ,000 1,000 1, ,767 1,200 1,200 Chile 1,16 1,39 1,8 1,893 2,200,16 3,17 2,6 3,6,000,000 Colombia,96,8,7,201,00,00 Dominican Republic 1,202 1,31 1,29 1,329 1,00 1,00 Egypt 7,839 8,722 8,773 9,6 9,700 9,700 8,908 1,008 1,973 18,11 21,000 21,000 Guatemala 881 1, ,091 1,200 1,200 Iran 6, 6,600 7,800 8,900 9,00 9,00 Israel 1,29 1,16 1,39 1,861 1,700 1,700 Japan 1,67 1,20 1,169 1,668 1,00 1,00 Korea, South 10,168 10,121 9,220 10,018 10,200 10,200 Malaysia 3,23,122 3,31 3,6,000,000 Mexico 11,31 13,97 1,61 16,129 16,700 16,700 Morocco 1,91 2,22 2,16 2,600 2,600 2,600 Peru 2,71 2,98 3,269 3,02 3,00 3,00 Saudi Arabia 2,90 3,83 3,21 3,983,000,000 Taiwan 3,810,66,163,10,, Tunisia 1,02 1,017 1, , 1, Turkey 2, ,21 2,71 2,200 2,200 Venezuela 2,33 1,738 1,238 1,387 1,00 1,200 Vietnam 6,700 8,600 8,00 9,00 11,000 11,000 17,111 18,218 17,68 1,719 1,830 16,130 12, , ,892 18,798 18,630 18,930 Unaccounted 2,690 6,232 2,6 1,03 3,39 3, ,782 1,1 86 1,200 1, 128,390 1,930 11,789 10, ,22 163,62 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ruary 2019

26 World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Production 29,70 29,00 1, ,00 6,000 8,000 67,000 98,00 8 9,00 9,00 11,606 13,680 13,889 1,09 13,900 13,900 29,76 26, ,613 29,071 26,000 27,330 Ethiopia 7,23 7,300 7,300 7,000 7, 7, 7,73 8,78 61,88 62,10 60,00 60,720 India 2,170 22,70 2,900 28,720 26,000 26,000 Indonesia 9,000 10,00 10,900 11,00 11,900 11,900 Mexico 2,80 2,971 27,7 27,0 26,000 2,600 Nigeria 10,09 10,62 10,1 11,000 11,000 11,000 Philippines 7,671 6,966 8,087 7,980 8,200 8,200 11,32 13,168 1,30 13,229 11,20 11,20 Serbia 7,700 6,000 7,600,000 7,000 7,000 South Africa 10,629 8,21 17,1 13,2 1 11,00 28,0 23,333 27,969 2,11 3,000 3,00 102,11 99,212,1 106,828 10,6 10,82 69, , ,633 70,17 728,39 733,32 361,136 3,06 38, , ,17 366,287 1,06,82 1,013,222 1,122,11 1,07,613 1,099,912 1,099,611 Total Consumption 9,300 9,300 11,200 12,00 12,00 13,800 7,000 7,00 60,00 6,00 66,00 66,00 12,823 12,029 12,99 1,063 13,900 13, , ,000 2, , , ,000 Egypt 13,900 1,80 1, 1,900 16,200 16,200 77,880 73,00 7,000 76,00 83,000 83,200 India 22,30 23,0 2,900 26,700 27,00 27,00 Indonesia 12,200 12, 12,300 12, 12,00 12,00 Iran 7,00 8,800 9,300 9,800 10,600 10,600 Japan 1,600 1,200 1,200 1,600 1,00 1,00 Korea, South 10,20 10,123 9,3 10,000 10,300 10,300 Mexico 3,0 37,300 0,00 2,300 3,700 3,700 Nigeria 9,900 10,600 10,900 11, 11,300 11,300 South Africa 11,60 10,970 12,663 12,00 11,700 11,700 Vietnam 9,00 12,200 12,900 13,00 1,200 1, ,81 16,8 168,02 17, , , ,07 682,20 769, , ,760 81, , ,8 313, , ,7 31,3 991,89 981,08 1,083,6 1,08,07 1,131,307 1,130,62 Ending Stocks 2,898 1,8,273 3,878,83 7,083 7,82 6,769 1,019 8,019 9,019 8,019 1,18 2,0 2,7 2,369 1,969 1, ,8 212, , ,2 207,86 207,80 Egypt 2,38 2,22 1,887 1,81 2,131 2,131 9,626 6,929 7,97 9,863 6,763 6,883 Mexico,090,19,09,730 3,30 3,330 3,03 30,29 32,21 32,217 28,27 28,76 23, ,2 291, ,2 263,6 26,696 3,97,123 8,23,367,27, ,20 311,378 30,23 30, , ,778 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 ruary 2019

27 Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Imports North America 13,686 16,697 16,71 18,72 19, 19,000 Central America 3,6 3,938 3,799,001,200,200 South America 12,02 12,62 13,719 13,6 13,96 13, ,908 1,008 1,973 18,11 21,000 21,000 Former Soviet Union Middle East 1,17 1,890 16,9 20,23 21,300 21,300 North Africa 1,622 16,873 16,77 17,717 18,00 18,00 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,323,08,902 2,06 2,93 3,23 East Asia 3,198 33,189 31,109 33,603 3,80 3,80 Southeast Asia 1,702 1,781 13,968 1,283 17,10 17,10 Caribbean 2, 2,97 2,67 2,6 2,80 2,80 1,662 2,9 2,372 2,98 3,682 3,682 Total 12, , ,33 19,6 19, ,030 Production North America 398,222 38,17 26,22 12,61 11,17 0,787 South America 127,70 108,837 19,788 12,967 18,90 12, ,73 8,78 61,88 62,10 60,00 60,720 Other Europe 9,132 7,27 9,32,33 8,9 8,9 Former Soviet Union - 12,188 0,17 7,791 2,066 1,300 1,800 Middle East 6,90 7,791 6,99 7,086 7,066 7,270 North Africa 6,08 6,096 6,130 6,601 6,91 6,91 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,809 62,116 71, 73,829 68,736 68,236 East Asia 22, ,31 26,99 261,17 28,0 29,73 South Asia 3,398 33,221 37,76 0,986 39,086 39,086 Central America 3,88 3,278 3,780 3,80 3,630 3,630 Southeast Asia 30,6 31,693 33,716 33,61 3,023 3,023 1,3 1,280 1,396 1,280 1,398 1,398 Total 1,06,82 1,013,222 1,122,11 1,07,613 1,099,912 1,099,611 Domestic Consumption North America 39,210 38, , , ,17 372,9 South America 87,601 87,971 91,723 98,98 101, , ,880 73,00 7,000 76,00 83,000 83,200 Other Europe 6,297 6,22 6,932,828 6,20 6,20 Former Soviet Union ,071 19,82 20,11 19,00 19,88 19,88 Middle East 21,738 23,02 2,33 27,071 28,60 28,60 North Africa 22, 22,990 23,290 2,00 2,000 2,000 Sub-Saharan Africa 66,881 66,8 69,933 72,82 71,772 71,772 East Asia 237, , ,087 29, ,0 309,0 South Asia 33,123 3,630 37,88 1,38 2,881 2,881 Southeast Asia 0,89 3,63,97 6,197 8,200 8,200 Central America 6,760 7,180 7,20 7,800 7,900 7,900 3,98 3,909 3,989 3,88,280,280 Total 97,621 1,000,1 1,09,077 1,088,70 1,12,8 1,122,993 Ending Stocks North America 9,82 1,732 66,236 62,66 0,66 9,381 South America 13,73 11,209 22,12 1,87 16,37 18, ,626 6,929 7,97 9,863 6,763 6,883 Other Europe , Former Soviet Union ,1 2,602 3,070 2,20 2,607 2,628 Middle East 3,727 2,71 2,039 2,18 2,37 2,333 North Africa 3,29 2,988 2, 2,3 2,893 2,876 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,88 7,696 9,981 11,016 7,908 8,108 East Asia 176,30 21,96 226,81 226,61 211, ,99 South Asia 3,90 2,388 3,19 3,77 2,2 2,62 Southeast Asia,16,01 3,879 2,893 3,191 3,191 Central America Total 279,20 311,378 30,23 30, , ,778 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 ruary 2019

28 World Barley Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports 1,99 2,836 2,696 2,103 2,800 3, Australia,266,01 9,192 6,088,00,000 1,386 1,17 1,809 1,868 2,200 2,200 10,62 8,6,683,87,300,300 Kazakhstan ,11,807 3,73 3,626,661,700,700 Serbia Turkey ,332,673,337 3,188,00,200 Uruguay ,799 27,39 29,79 26,10 27,3 26, ,090 27,6 29,60 26,12 27, 27,00 TY Imports Algeria Belarus ,89,869 8,10 8,1 9,200 8,000 Colombia India Iran 1,900 1,700 2,200 2,700 3,000 3,000 Israel Japan 1,097 1,1 1,197 1,23 1, 1, Jordan Kuwait Libya 1,001 1,32 1, Peru Saudi Arabia 8,200 10,00 8,00 7,700 8,000 8,00 Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates Vietnam ,686 1,978 1,718 1, ,72 28,080 28,16 26,79 26,71 26,226 Unaccounted 1, ,090 27,6 29,60 26,12 27, 27,00 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 ruary 2019

29 World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Production 1,90 1, ,000 1,300 1,300 Algeria,00,000 3,70 3,300,90 2,900 7,300 7,300 8,900 13,06 8,993 8,66 Australia 1,700 1,700 1,20 1,23 1,89 1,988 Belarus 8,00 8,00 7,891 8,839 8,27 7,117 1,80 1,80 1,800 1,72 1,870 1,810 2,170 2,170 2, 2,02 2,07 1,93 Ethiopia 6,30 6,90 8,837 9,866 62,09 60,609 1,770 1,770 1,70 1,0 1,613 1,831 India 3, 3, 3, 3,000 3,200 3,200 Iran,200,200 3,30 3,231 2,67 2,12 Kazakhstan 2,910 2, ,00 1,638 Morocco 16,600 16,00 20,183 17,7 17,083 20,026 7,00 7,00 6,00,70 7,00,000 Turkey 7,00 7,600 8,69 9,87 8,71 9,0 9,679 9,91 9,982 10,699 9,2 9,11 137, ,391 11,071 12,702 1,02 138,031 3,333 3,333 3,119,33,70 3,93 10,602 10,72 1,190 17,0 19,77 11,98 Total Consumption 1,900 1,900 1,70 2,00 2,10 2,00 Algeria 3,000 2,600 3,600 3,00 3,300 3,000 Australia 1,70 1,70 1,0 1,00 1,80 Belarus 6,800 6,800 6,799 6,760 6,960 6,71 9,800 10,800 10,300 9,800 7,900 11,600 2,12 2,12 2,07 2,02 1,990 1,97 Ethiopia 2,00,200, 1,37 0,937 1,80 1,80 1,90 1,60 1,20 1,00 India 6, 6, 6,000,00,200,600 Iran 2,200 2,200 2,10 2,200 Kazakhstan 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,200 3,30 2,638 Morocco 12,200 12,200 1,00 1,700 13,700 1, 8,72 8,2 8,2 9,82 10,22 8,2 Saudi Arabia 7,00 7,300 6,700,00 6,900,30 Turkey 3,800 3,300,00,900,300,00 16,303 16,0 18,18 18,87 18,87 17,0 138, ,880 1,26 1,971 13,26 138,270 3,8 3,701 3,6,37,08,23 12,197 12,81 17,730 10,36 17,672 12,0 Ending Stocks ,291 1,30 Algeria ,9 1,88 1,068 1,120 Australia,238,7,698,09 6,012, ,08 Iran 1,61 1,31 1,829 2,3,09 3,07 Saudi Arabia Turkey ,19 1,237 1,609 1,6,73,08 6,11 8,086 8,39 8,239 1,899 1,631 17,2 20,733 2,117 22,26 2,01 1,798 2,07 2,316 2,223 1,711 17,91 17,29 19,09 23,09 26,30 2,237 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 29 ruary 2019