UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Enacting the state through security assemblages Colona, F. Link to publication

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1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Enacting the state through security assemblages Colona, F. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Colona, F. (2019). Enacting the state through security assemblages: Materiality, technology and political subjectification in Nairobi. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 18 Mar 2019

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4 ENACTING THE STATE THROUGH SECURITY ASSEMBLAGES MATERIALITY, TECHNOLOGY AND POLITICAL SUBJECTIFICATION IN NAIROBI Francesco Colona

5 ISBN: , Francesco Colona. All rights reserved. Cover picture by the author. Cover design and graphic design by Jerom Langeveld. Printed by: ProefschriftMaken This dissertation is part of the research project Transforming Citizenship through Hybrid Governance: The Impacts of Public-Private Security Assemblages ( ). The project, headed by Prof. dr. Rivke Jaffe at the University of Amsterdam, explores entanglements between public and private provision of security in five different cities: Jerusalem, Recife, Nairobi, Kingston and Miami. The researchers who participated in this endeavor are Carolina Maurity Frossard, Thijs Jeursen, Lior Volinz, Tessa Diphoorn, Erella Grassiani, Francesca Pilo, Frank Mu ller, Patrick Weir. The project was funded by the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant no ).

6 ENACTING THE STATE THROUGH SECURITY ASSEMBLAGES MATERIALITY, TECHNOLOGY AND POLITICAL SUBJECTIFICATION IN NAIROBI ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op vrijdag 25 januari 2019, te 12:00 uur door Francesco Colona geboren te Tricase

7 Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof. dr. R.K. Jaffe Universiteit van Amsterdam Copromotor: Dr. T.G. Diphoorn Universiteit Utrecht Overige leden: Prof. dr. I.S.A. Baud Prof. dr. A.A. M charek Prof. dr. K. Pfeffer Dr. M. Ruteere Dr. R. Spronk Universiteit van Amsterdam Universiteit van Amsterdam Universiteit Twente Centre for Human Rights and Policy Studies, Kenya Universiteit van Amsterdam Faculteit: Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen

8 Contents Acknowledgements 6 List of Figures 10 List of Acronyms 11 Chapter 1 Security Assemblages at Work 13 Chapter 2 Genealogies of Danger and Belonging 47 Chapter 3 Enabling the Police, Enacting the State 77 Chapter 4 Security Technologies, Spaces and Political Subjects 105 Chapter 5 Thugs, Inside Jobs and Al-Shabaab as Other-Than-Citizens 141 Conclusion 171 References 185 Summary 203 Samenvatting 209

9 List of Figures Figure 1 Hooded gikunia 49 Figure 2 Various security cameras at Securexpo East Africa 106 Figure 3 My neighbors wall with barbed wire and an old electric fence 108 Figure 4 Newspaper clipping: Police shoot dead four suspected thugs in 165 Kayole 10

10 List of Acronyms ANT ATPU BONGO CCTV GONGO GSU HEAT IP KEPSA KSIA MRT NGO NIS NTSA PSIA STS UN Actor-Network Theory Anti-Terrorist Police Unit Bank Organized Non-Governmental Organization Closed-Circuit Television Government Organized Non-Governmental Organization General Service Unit (of the Kenya Police Service) Hostile Environment Awareness Training Internet Protocol Kenya Private Sector Alliance Kenya Security Industry Association Mobile Response Team Non-Governmental Organization National Intelligence Service National Transport and Safety Authority Protective Security Industry Association Science and Technology Studies United Nations 11