CO 2 Capture technologies and vision i for cost reduction

Transcription

1 CO 2 Capture technologies and vision i for cost reduction Dr. Kelly Thambimuthu Chairman IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme CCS Way Forward in Asia ADB Asia Clean Energy Forum June 06, 2016, Manila

2 Greenhouse Gas R&D TCP Part of the IEA Energy Technology Network since 1991 What We Are: 35 Members from 18 countries plus OPEC, EU and CIAB Members set strategic direction and technical programme Universally recognised as independent technical organisation

3 Current membership

4 What do we do? Assess Mitigation Options Focus our R&D on CCS Our Core Activities Are: Facilitate technology implementation Facilitate international co-operation Disseminate our results as widely as possible p

5 A Study by the IEAGHG Assessment of Emerging gcapture Technologies and their Potential to Reduce Costs Study commissioned by UK DECC Interim report published as an IEAGHGTechnical lreview (2014/TR4) Not subject to external peer review e Aim to publish as a full IEAGHG report External reviews have been obtained and revisions are being made Revised executive summary will be reviewed by IEAGHG ExCo members before publication

6 Study scope Identify and review the main emerging capture technologies being developed d for power plants Post-combustion capture Pre-combustion capture Oxy-combustion Solid looping Assess current status and Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Critically assess claims for energy requirements and cost reductions Capture in non-power industries considered in less detail Study did not involve detailed d assessment of energy requirements and costs of plants with CO 2 capture

7 Technology readiness level 9 Normal commercial service Demonstration 8 Commercial demonstration, full scale deployment in final form 7 Sub-scale demonstration, fully functional prototype 6 Fully integrated pilot tested in a relevant environment Development 5 Sub-system validation in a relevant environment 4 System validation in a laboratory environment 3 Proof-of-concept test, component level Research 2 Formulation of the application 1 Basic principles, observed initial concept Source: EPRI Note: TRL is not necessarily an indication of the amount of time and effort required ed to achieve commercialisation TRL 9 does not necessarily represent the be-all and end-all

8 Cost learning curve

9 Other cost learning curves

10 Status and cost of power & CO2 capture technologies Research Development Demonstration Deployment Mature Technology Anticip pated Cost of Full-Scale Application Expected availability increases with time/learning Advanced USC - PC 760 C Other Novel Capture Processes Oxyfuel 620 C+ IGCC IGCC - CCS Post Comb (Solvents) SC PC CCS NGCC CCS 620 C+ USC - PC 600 C Pre Comb Capture (Solvents-Adsorbents) NGCC <600 C SC - PC 565 C Time

11 Estimated LCOE increase

12 Electricity cost and policy Source: USDOE

13 IPCC AR5 Role of different low carbon energy technologies

14 Drivers for cost of capture Capital cost of capture equipment Capital charges, cost of maintenance etc. Increased fuel consumption Increased specific capital cost of the host power generation process due to increased fuel consumption Increased variable operating costs Capture solvent make-up etc. Early stage assessments tend to focus initially on energy consumption Can be evaluated more scientifically A major contribution to capture cost

15 Energy consumption CO 2 separation Theoretical work for post-combustion capture from coal fired power plant flue gas: 0.15 GJ/t CO 2 Equivalent to <1.5% points of power plant efficiency Scope to reduce energy consumption but all processes need a significant driving force to reduce equipment size Some capture processes use energy that is otherwise wasted CO 2 compression Miscellaneous power Other losses E.g. shift conversion for pre-combustion capture

16 Post-combustion capture Contributions to cost of electricity Capture plant variable OPEX Based on NETL baseline cost study Power plant increase Core due power to capture energy consumption Capture plant CAPEX Power plant without capture

17 Post-combustion capture TRL 1-3 Enzyme catalysed adsorption Ionic liquids Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) membranes Encapsulated solvents Electrochemically mediated absorption Vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) Cryogenic capture Supersonic inertial capture TRL 7 9 Benchmark amine TRL 4 6 scrubbing Improved conventional Bi-phasic i solvents solvents Precipitating solvents Polymeric membranes Temperature swing adsorption

18 Pre-combustion capture TRL 1-3 Low temperature separation TRL 4 6 Hydrogen separation membranes Sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) Integrated gasification fuel cells (IGFC) TRL 7 9 IGCC with Selexol

19 Oxy-combustion capture TRL 4 6 O 2 production: ion transport membrane (ITM), O 2 transport t membrane (OTM), ceramic autothermal reforming systems (CARS) TRL 1-3 Oxy-combustion gas turbines: water cycle Oxy-combustion gas turbines: other cycles TRL 7 9 Benchmark coal oxycombustion

20 Solid looping processes TRL 7-9 TRL 1-3 TRL 4 6 Sorption enhanced reforming (SER) Chemical looping gasification (CLG) Chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) etc. Calcium carbonate looping (CaL) Chemical looping combustion (CLC)

21 Summary Post-combustion capture Pre-combustion capture Oxy-combustion capture

22 Conclusions Many new technologies for CO 2 capture are being developed Estimated costs of new capture technologies are subject to high uncertainty, especially at low TRLs Processes in which CO 2 capture is a more integrated part of the power generation process show high potential for energy and cost reduction but have significant development hurdles E.g. solid looping combustion, oxy-combustion turbines and fuel cells

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