MEKOROT THE ISRAELI NATIONAL WATER COMPANY. Eli Kotzer

Transcription

1 New technologies in water management Israel s experience MEKOROT THE ISRAELI NATIONAL WATER COMPANY Eli Kotzer 1

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3 Annual Rainfall in Israel RAINFALL less than to to to to 1,000 more than 1,000 3

4 The National Water Supply Western Galilee Basins Kinneret and Golan Basins Annual Water Consumption in million m 3 (m.c.m.) Carmel Basin Coastal Basin Eastern Basins 100% 80% Mountain Basin (Yarkon-Taninim) 60% 40% Others Mekorot 20% Negev Basins 0% Residential Industry Agriculture Total Watershed Arava Basins Others Mekorot Total Based on 2004 figures 4

5 Water Sources in % 15% Natural Water Brackish Water Desalination Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Treated Waste Water 5% 1% 71% 5

6 Water Supply Main Goals Maintaining and improving water supply reliability, efficiency and quality Developing the water system for sustainability and future needs Maintaining water sources and developing additional water sources Decreasing water loss Decreasing operational costs 6

7 Mekorot s Advantages National water system which enable to transfer water from one area to another Efficient use of water sources High water supply reliability Remote control of all facilities Planning,operating and developing of water supply systems from national point of view Planning and developing water supply systems for agriculture in arid zones 7

8 Mekorot Facts and Numbers 1 Total Water Supply 1,401 McM/year 2 Highest Daily Water Supply 5.4 McM/day 3 Ground Water recharge 27.3 McM/year 4 Energy Consumption 1,994 MKwH/year 5 Distribution points 9,265 6 Water pipes Length 10,481 Km 7 Pumping station 1,229 8 Wells 1,191 9 Reservoirs Tanks 749 Total Volume 4 McM 11 Desalination plants Control centers 8 8

9 Difficulties in operating the National Water System Water shortage demand is higher then sources Big difference in the amount of annual recharge Difficulty in understanding the aquifers structure Different water qualities The water sources are far away from the centers of demand Complicated security situation 9

10 Mathematical models Mekorot has the experience to develop complicated mathematical models for instance: Forecasting the Sea of Galilee level Different Hydrological models Weather forecasting Water demand forecasting Hydraulic model for optimal operation 10

11 CONTROL SYSTEMS Operating 3,000 installations through 8 Automatic remote control centers Operates the water supply system 30 years of experience Uses a variety of communication technologies Online optimization for energy savings 11

12 Water sources Surface water (sea of Galilee) Underground water (Aquifers) Rain Enhancement Floods catchment Desalination Treated waste water 12

13 Surface water Haifa Main Water Supply System Tel Aviv Sea of Galilee Jerusalem Eilat 13 8

14 Underground water A Map of the Major Aquifers Average Yearly Recharge [m.c.m.] Western Galilee Aquifer Sea of Galilee and Golan Heights Carmel Aquifer - 25 Eastern and Northern Area of the West Bank Coastal Aquifer Mountain Aquifer Mountain Aquifer Brackish Water - 10 *Total annual potential production (average) 1,740 m.c.m. * Flood water 30 m.c.m. * Effluent potential reuse m.c.m. actual reuse 200 m.c.m. Negev Arava 70 14

15 Underground water Wells 1,150 wells nation wide Drilling to depths of up to 1,500 m Producing water from depths of up to 450 m Advanced drilling technologies Advanced rehabilitation techniques 15

16 Underground water Haifa Main Water Supply System Tel Aviv Sea of Galilee Jerusalem Eilat 16 8

17 Rain Enhancement (continued) - Using rain enhancement under professional guidance of the rain committee. - Researches show an increase of 18% in precipitation in the Sea of Galilee Drainage Basin - Research flights in association with Tel Aviv University and Hebrew University. - 3 seeding aircrafts and 35 ground generators. - Six months period of seeding (from 1/11-30/4) - Activity scope of about 5 million NIS/year includes: 330 cloud seeding flights hours 30 research flights hours 17

18 Floods catchment Location of water catchments 10 million m3 10 million m3 10 million m3 18

19 Desalination 31 Desalination plants Over 30 years of experience Continuing implemental of new technologies for: reducing energy and chemical consumption boron removal 19

20 Inventory : 31 Desalination Plants SEA WATER Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant BRACKISH WATER 29 Reverse Osmosis Plants 1 Electro Dialysis Plant RED SEA EILAT fed with a blend of sea water and brine of BWRO plant 100% of Eilat water consumption Water Supply to remote locations not connected to the grid Dead Sea Arava Valley Eilat Wells Water Improvement - Treatment of difficult water - specific salts content reduction - boron reduction -H 2 S removal - Nitrates removal 20

21 Desalination Plants Maagan Michael 2006 Safaria Granot Gat Neve Zohar Mizpe Shalem Ein Bokek Neve Zohar Neot Hakikar YEARLY CAPACITY Mil. m 3 BRACKISH WATER (BWRO) SEA WATER (SWRO) PILOT PLANTS Nizana-Kziot Eidan Ein Yahav Yahel Lothan Ketura Grophit Maale Sacharut Yotvata Zukim Samar Eilat Eliphaz Beit Sefer Eylot Sabha C Beer Ora Sabha A, B FUTURE PLANTS (Mil. m 3 /year) BWRO UNDER CONSTRUCTION ADVANCED DESIGN / TENDER - BWRO SWRO

22 Eilat desalination complex TO SALT PRODUCTION PONDS SALT PONDS ACID- HCl FERRIC CHLORIDE BWRO PLANT BRINE DISP PUMPS (2+1) BRINE FROM SABHA A & B BWRO BRINE PUMPS (1+1) SEA WATER PUMPS (2+1) SEA WATER 100 m m 3 SEA WATER INTAKE RED SEA Variable speed following seasonal temperature changes FEED BOOSTER PUMPS (1+1) FEED WATER RESERVOIR 500 m 3 DEEP BED MEDIA FILTERS (12) PRODUCT RESERVOIR 200 m 3 PRODUCT DELIVERY PUMPS (1+1) SODA CAUSTIC MICRON FILTERS (3) RO STACKS 144 x 7 EILAT HIGH PRESSURE PUMP - TURBINE BW WELLS M BRINE FROM SABHA C T 22

23 Boron reduction flow diagram SWRO Recovery: 45% B Rejection: 68% NaOH ph=10 BWRO Recovery: 92% B Rejection: 91.4% 23 23

24 Sea water desalination Desalination Large plants Sites Capacity m 3 /day Shomrat - 90,000 Hadera - 330,000 Palmachim - 90,000 Ashdod - 168,000 Ashkelon - 330,000 PILOT PLANTS NAHAL TANINIM ( 1997 ) BRACKISH (SURFACE) WATER ASHDOD ( 1988 ) MEDITERRANEAN SEA EILAT ( 1994 ) RED SEA RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT KFAR DAROM ( 1989 ) 50 m 3 /day NAHAL MORAG ( 1991 ) 50 m 3 /day BEER ORA ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day EILOT ( 1986 ) 50 m 3 /day RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER SUPPLY MAAGAN MICHAEL ( 1994 ) 1,200 m 3 /day BW - SABHA "A" ( 1978 ) 25,500 m 3 /day BW - SABHA "B" ( 1993 ) 10,000 m 3 /day SW - SABHA "C" ( 1997 ) 10,000 m 3 /day Haifa Ceasarea Tel Aviv Jerusalem Ashdod BeerSheva Eilat RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MIZPE SHALEM ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day EIN BOKEK ( 1988 ) 50 m 3 /day NEVE ZOHAR ( 1986 ) 50 m 3 /day NEOT HAKIKAR ( 1982 ) 50 m 3 /day EIDAN ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day EIN YAHAV ( 1992 ) 50 m 3 /day LOTAN ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day YAHEL ( 1979 ) 50 m 3 /day KTURA ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day GROFIT ( 1974 ) 50 m 3 /day YOTVATA ( 1973 ) 50 m 3 /day MAALE SHACHARUT (1985 ) 50 m 3 /day ELIPAZ ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day SAMAR ( 1979 ) 50 m 3 /day SDE UVDA 1 (1979 ) 250 m 3 /day (RESERV.) SDE UVDA 2 (1980 ) 500 m 3 /day (RESERV.) 24

25 Water Reuse Capability of supplying all agricultural requirements Operating 9 reuse plants Treating to various qualities 25

26 Geographical Location of Regional WWTP s Karmiel Hadera Emek Hefer Zfat Kishon Priject Afula Shafdan Jordan Valley Ayalon Latroon Ashkelon Goosh Etzion Beer Sheva 26

27 Secondary effluent infiltration to the aquifer and pumping back to agriculture 27

28 The Third Line to the Negev Reclamation Aims Supply of 160 MCM/Year to irrigation and diversion of fresh water with reclaimed water for agriculture Mekorot s Activities Operation of the Shafdan WWTP( treates 125 MCM/Year and serves 15 cities with up to 2 million population equivalent ) Effluent recharge to the aquifer Operation of the reclamation project: Draw the water from 150 recovery wells, seasonal storage, supply to the Negev for unrestricted irrigation Vast water quality monitoring program, and strong connection with the farmers to solve operation and other problems 28

29 Solutions to operational problems in effluent reuse systems Clogging irrigation systems Biofilm: Shock chlorination and pipe wash Sand filters clogging: Optimization of the regimes of filtration and backwash, and flocculation dosages Algal and Zooplankton blooms in reservoirs: Use of Fluoroprobe for control of the water level for drawing the effluent, chemical treatment, fish control, reservoir cover Sand and Manganese in the irrigation systems: Control of the recovery wells regime, hydro cyclones, sand detectors UV disinfection as an alternative to chlorination 29

30 National Wastewater Consumption growth WasteWater Comsumption MCM Shafdan Other Mekorot plants Other 30 By the Water Committee data

31 Tap water replacing by effluent in agriculture by Mekorot מלמק TAP WATER EFFLUENTS שנה 31

32 Reused effluent in Israel in relation with other countries 80% 70% 72% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 12% 9% 8% 5% <1% Israel Spain Australia Italy Greece C. Europe 32

33 Annual change of chloride concentration in Shafir 1 well

34 Chloride concentration in two adjacent wells,

35 Effluent Desalination 1. Examine membrane technologies Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), for solving problems of high organic contaminations, in order to uphold tertiary effluent quality criteria for unrestricted irrigation 2. To optimize prevailing methods as an alternative to conventional tertiary treatment ( deep send filtration) 3. To implement Reverse Osmosis (RO) for removal of salts from the aquifer 35

36 Desalination of Effluent Goals: Reuse of excess effluent that can not be recharged (16 MCM in 2020), and upgrade the effluent quality for unrestricted irrigation Effluent volume to recharge(mcm/year) Mekorot is operating a pilot plant for effluent desalination in Shafdan to develop the ability to desalinate effluent of this volume

37 Production Cost US$/m Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Desalination Treated Waste Water Desalination Treated Water Natural Water

38 Sources of water production M m 3 /year Brackish Water Desalination Sea Water Desalination Treated Waste Water