PavCoTing. Chromium appearance and corrosion resistance Ease of plating bath control Wide current density range

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1 is an environmentally friendly alternative to chromium electroplating. is a cobalt alloy that, when plated over nickel, has the appearance and corrosion resistance of decorative chromium. is diverse enough to plate in high current densities, yet has the throwing power to cover the extreme lows. Chromium appearance and corrosion resistance Ease of plating bath control Wide current density range ELV, RoHS and WEEE compliant Chrome free cobalt alloy PAVCO, Inc John Crosland Jr Drive Charlotte, NC Phone: Toll-free: or PAVCO INC ( ) Fax: Order Fax (for orders only)

2 Operating Parameters Range Co Additive LIQ: 2-3% 2.5% Base Additive: 8-12% 10% Stannous Sulfate: Sodium Sulfate: oz/gal 7-8 g/l oz/gal g/l Optimum 1.0 oz/gal 7.5 g/l 3 oz/gal 22 g/l Additive NM 1-5% As needed Current Density Rack: 3-5 A/ft A/dm 2 4 A/ft A/Dm 2 Current Density Barrel: 3-5 A/ft A/dm 2 ph: Temperature: F o C Plating Time: 1-4 Minutes 4 A/ft A/Dm F 43 C Equipment: Tank: A polypropylene, polypropylene, PVC, or Koroseal lined tank Anodes: 304 or 316 stainless steel or high density graphite with stainless steel hooks. Anode Bars: Use copper anode bars, preferably shielded with plastic. Filtration: Use 5-15 micron polypropylene filters and activated carbon. Filtration speed should be at least 1 tank turnover per hour. Rectifier: Up to 12 volts, less than 5% ripple. Temperature Control: A Teflon or stainless steel heat exchanger is recommended. Ventilation: Required, check local regulations. Agitation: Required do not use air agitation as this will oxidize the tin. Continuous ph Control: Required. Maintenance of the Solution: Tin Cobalt By analysis By analysis ph Lower with 50% sulfuric acid 2

3 Bath Makeup per 1000 gallons (3785 l): 1. Prepare a lined tank by leaching it with 2% sulfuric acid for hours. 2. Rinse the tank. 3. Fill the lined tank with 500 gallons (2000 liters) of water. 4. Add 100 gallons (380 liters) of Base Additive and mix well to dissolve. 5. Add 25 gallons (95 liters) of CO Additive LIQ and mix well to dissolve. 6. Add 62.5 pounds (28 kg) of Stannous sulfate and mix well to dissolve. 7. Add 190 pounds (85 kg) of Sodium sulfate and mix well to dissolve. 8. Add 10 gallons of CO Additive NM and mix well to dissolve. 9. Add warm water to the 1000 gallon (3785 l) level. 10. Adjust the ph to 9.1. Analytical Procedures: CO Additive LIQ Reagents N ZnCl 2 -To make this solution a) Add 8.14g of zinc oxide to a 1,000 ml volumetric flask. b) Add 50 mls of de-ionized water. c) Add 17.5 mls of concentrated hydrochloric acid. d) Mix until the zinc oxide is dissolved. e) Dilute the solution to the 1,000 ml mark with de-ionized water. 2. Xylenol Orange Indicator-To make this indicator liquid: a) One gram of Xylenol Orange b) Dissolved in 1 liter of de-ionized water 3. Acetate Buffer -To makeup, dissolve: a) 180 grams of sodium acetate b) 30 ml of acetic acid c) Add de-ionized water to make one liter 4. 30% hydrogen peroxide 5. Sodium fluoride N EDTA Procedure 1. Pipette a 5 ml bath sample into a plastic 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. 2. Add 20 mls de-ionized water. 3. Add 1 gram of sodium fluoride. 4. Dissolve the salts completely. Use heat if necessary. 5. Add 5 mls of 30% hydrogen peroxide. 6. Add 50 mls of acetate buffer. 7. Add 0.5 mls of Xylenol orange indicator. 8. Using a buret, add exactly 30 mls of 0.1N EDTA. The color should change from red to yellow. 9. Titrate with 0.1N ZnCl 2 until the color changes from yellow to red. 10. Record the amount of ZnCl 2 used. Calculation: {[3 - (vol. of ZnCl 2 ) (N of ZnCl 2 )] 2} x 8.4 = % CO Additive LIQ 3

4 Stannous sulfate Reagents 1. 50% hydrochloric acid 2. Starch indicator N Iodine solution Procedure 1. Pipette a 25 ml bath sample into a plastic 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. 2. Add 75 mls de-ionized water. 3. Add 10 mls of 50% hydrochloric acid. 4. Add 2 mls of starch indicator. 5. Titrate with 0.1N Iodine solution until the color changes from pink to dark blue. Calculation: (ml of 0.1N) x 0.24 = g/l stannous tin g/l stannous tin/.553 = g/l tin sulfate 1 pound (454 g) of stannous sulfate per 100 gallons of solution will raise the tin concentration by 0.1 oz/gal (.75 g/l) Troubleshooting Chart: Problem Cause Corrective Measure Dull or matte disposition Too high tin percentage Stop additions of Stannous Sulfate until recommended range Dark deposits Nickel contamination Dummy electrolysis at low current Copper contamination Temperature too high ph too low Dummy electrolysis at <1 ASF Reduce temperature to proper level Increase the ph slowly and recheck the deposit color High current density haze Temperature too low Increase the temperature to correct range 4

5 Waste Treatment: Dispose of the concentrate or solutions thereof according to local waste treatment regulations. Safety: Handling Pavco mandates that the following safety equipment be used when handling chemicals in an electroplating environment: safety glasses, face shield, plastic or rubber apron, rubber gloves and safety shoes. Chemicals should only be handled by trained and experienced personnel. Storage Store Pavco products in a clean, well ventilated room which temperature remains above 45 F (7 C). Pavco products should remain in their original container with the lid or cap tightened. Drum pumps or pails must be clean prior to dispensing Pavco products to prevent contamination. If either product freezes during shipment or storage, warm the product and mix it well before use. Emergency Procedures Refer to the MSDS for detailed emergency procedures. Eye Contact Seek immediate medical attention. Flush the eyes with water for 15 m minutes. Skin Contact Remove all contaminated clothing. Wash the skin with soap and water. Seek medical attention. Inhalation Remove the person to an area with fresh air. Seek medical attention if necessary. Ingestion Seek immediate medical attention. Spill Dike the area to contain the spill. Refer to the MSDS for clean-up. Notify the proper authorities if required. *NOTE: Refer to the MSDS for detailed emergency medical procedures. Product Description & Shipping: Co Additive Liq (DNC205) is a dark red liquid. The specific gravity is between 1.18 and 1.28 with a ph less than 8.1. (this is available only in 5 gal pails with a 2 week lead time) Base Additive (DNC200) s a dark brown liquid with a specific gravity between and a ph greater than 8.0. CO Additive NM (DNC100) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a specific gravity between Stannous sulfate is a white powder Sodium sulfate is a white powder Liquid products are available in 5 gallon containers only. Revision Date: 5/27/2015 WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER Technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be reliable, however, the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed. No statement or recommendation shall constitute a representation unless set forth in an agreement in writing by the seller and manufacturer. NO WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY OR WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS MADE. The following warranty is made in lieu of any other warranties, express, implied, or statutory. Products are warranted to be free from defects on material and workmanship at the time sold. The sole obligation of the seller and manufacturer under this warranty shall be to replace any product defective at the time sold. Under no circumstances shall the manufacturer or seller be liable for any loss, damage, expense, direct or consequential, arising out of the use of or inability to use the product. Materials shall not be returned to the seller or manufacturer without express written permission. No information or suggestions given by us shall be deemed to be a recommendation to use any product in conflict with any existing patent rights. 5