UNIDO s Trade Standards Compliance Analyses and Reports

Transcription

1 UNIDO s Trade Standards Compliance Analyses and Reports Steffen Kaeser Unit Chief Quality, Standards and Conformity Unit Trade Capacity Building Branch Trade and Development Symposium Session on Standard Compliance Capacity and Trade WTO Ministerial Conference Bali, 4 December 2013

2 UNIDO UN Specialized Agency with three thematic areas Long - term Goal To contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development G oals ( MDGs ), in particular to poverty eradication through sustainable industrial development. Thematic Priorities Poverty reduction through productive activities Trade capacity - building Energy and environment Programme Components Industrial Policy, Business Environment and Institutional Support Rural and Women s Entrepreneurship Development Enterprise Upgrading for Trade Enhancement Competitiveness Analysis and Trade - related Policies Renewable Energy Climate Change and Industrial Energy Efficiency SME Cluster Development Agro - processing and Value Chain Development Rural Energy for Productive Use Sustainable Production in Poor Communities Technology Diffusion Innovation Systems, Technology Management and Foresight Modernization of Export - oriented Agro - industries SME Export Consortia Corporate Social Responsibility for Market Integration Cleaner and Sustainable Production Water Management Montreal Protocol Promotion of Domestic Investment, FDI and Alliances Standards, Metrology, Testing and Conformity Stockholm Convention No.2

3 Trade Standards Compliance Analysis Rationale: Policy guidance for all development partners More transparency on trade standards challenges Benchmarking of compliance capacity Increasing aid efficiency, better ( smarter ) technical assistance Import rejection analysis: EU, USA, Japan, Australia Export losses estimation: for all 4 markets Quality Infrastructure (QI) survey Corporate Buyer Compliance Confidence survey Emerging Issues : TSCR 2010: FAO, ILO, IPPC, ISO, UNEP, WTO TSCR 2013: major retailers (AEON, Mondelēz, GFSI), certification organizations (Fairtrade, MSC), NGOs (WWF, Oxfam), etc. Regional TSCRs for Asia (with IDE-JETRO) and Latin America and the Caribbean (with Inter-American Development Bank, IDB) Web tool/database (with IDB), incl. TSC Footprints No.3

4 The Trade Standards Compliance Observatory Benchmarking Trade Standards Compliance Buyer Compliance Confidence Radar 250 Global Buyers (Work in Progress) Import Rejection Analysis Major markets: EU, US, Japan, Australia Trade Standards Compliance Benchmarking Quality Infrastructure Performance Survey 49 Countries No.4

5 Lens 1: Import Rejection Data as a Measure of Compliance Performance Analysis of import rejection data for: EU, United States, Japan, Australia Different monitoring systems (as applied by different public authorities) are not easily comparable and compatible across markets which requires harmonization of datasets Key findings: Patterns and trends in rejections of developing country exports reveal which countries, products and value chains are most affected by compliance challenges and for what reasons. Some countries have high rejection rates in all markets for all or most of the commodities they export, suggesting systemic deficiencies and the need to strengthen their overall quality infrastructure (QI). Some countries face substantial import rejections in particular markets or commodities, suggesting export market-specific or commodity-specific (rather than systemic) compliance challenges. Import rejections imply foregone revenues for the supplier of the shipment. The export losses associated with rejections of agri-food imports across 4 sub-sectors analyzed by UNIDO (i.e. fisheries, fruits and vegetables, herbs and spices, nuts and edible seeds) are estimated to amount to an annual average of: US$80 million in the US market, US$77 million in the EU, US$14 million in Japan, and US$7 million in Australia.

6 Ln Share of Rejections Relative Rejection Rate: For EU Fish and Fishery Product Imports, India Vietnam Bad performers Indonesia Thailand China Bangladesh MA Singapore LK Brazil MY Chile TN SN HR Ecuador Turkey TW USA Australia NA Argentina Norway GM PA South Korea PH MR CA RU GH NZ PE AO CO CI MM OM YE NG TZ Seychelles CB CR DZ PK Japan MX KE UY MU Greenland United AE SR MV CU MG South Africa Benin AL VE UG MZ Fiji PG FK Iceland CV KZ Belarus Congo EG Gabon GN IR NI HN GT PF Togo JM Israel El Salvador Good performers Small exporters Ln Share of Imports Large exporters

7 Lens 2: Corporate Buyer Compliance Confidence Survey Aim is to get from buying/importing companies their perceptions on and assessment of compliance capacity and performance of exporting developing countries Complements analysis of rejection data by covering buyer requirements and private standards Scale: 1 = not important 7 = very important

8 Lens 3: Trade Standards Compliance Capacity Indices Get country self-assessment about capacity/performance of its Quality Infrastructure (QI) and related services Provide measure of relative capacity in 10 key QI areas / compliance functions: Policy/legislative environment Standardisation Technical regulations Metrology Accreditation Inspection Testing Certification Food safety WTO institutions related to technical regulations/standards For each capacity function, an index is developed Each index consists of indicators of the underlying assets Data collected through QI survey with responses from 49 countries in Africa and Asia

9 Trade Standards Compliance Footprints (TSCFs) Purpose & objectives of TSCFs: TSCFs are country fact sheets Based on import rejection data Provide a snapshot on selected countries challenges to comply with export market requirements in agri-food trade Allow for benchmarking of compliance capacity Target policy makers Provide policy makers (and also other stakeholders) with a simple decision-making support tool to guide and inform their setting of priorities for trade capacity-building

10 Regionalizing the Global TSC Report: IDS African Union Commission No.10

11 Conclusions Import rejections represent only the tip of the iceberg Export losses are relatively small but indicate reputational risk Rejection analysis has to be complemented by other measures such as buyer perception surveys and QI performance assessment Combination of different lenses constitute a TSC Observatory TSC Observatory would allow for good policy guidance Global TSC Observatory work can be complemented with more in-depth regional and national analyses TSC Observatory helps to diagnose compliance challenges but the essential question is how to overcome them In-depth value chain studies can indicate how to improve compliance performance importance of IDE-JETRO analyses

12 Thank you for your attention! For details UNIDO and IDE-JETRO (2013): Meeting Standards Winning Markets. East Asian Trade Standards Compliance Report UNIDO (forthcoming): Meeting Standards Winning Markets. Trade Standards Compliance Report