Application of manganese in aluminum alloy industry. Reporter: Hao Guan AMG Aluminum China LTd

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1 Application of manganese in aluminum alloy industry Reporter: Hao Guan AMG Aluminum China LTd

2 Summary Brief introduction of Al industry Methods of adding Manganese Market analysis

3 Aluminum The most abundant metal element on the earth(8.1%). Specific gravity is roughly one/third that of steel. Considerably lower melting point than most other structural materials. On volume basis, the electrical conductivity of pure aluminum is roughly 65% of the International Annealed Copper Standard, but Pound -for-pound aluminum is a better conductor than copper. Aluminum can be strengthened by strain hardening or cold working, however, much greater strengthening is provided by alloying aluminum with a variety of elements. Pure aluminum is used for electrical conductors,chemical equipment and sheet metal work, aluminum alloys are much more widely used

4 2005 World Primary Aluminum Output ( 000Ton) Other Area % China % International Aluminum Association

5 2015 World Primary Aluminum Output Other Area 26218,00 45% China 31672,00 55% International Aluminum Association

6 Industries for Aluminum products Mechanical equipment 9% Others 19% transportation industry 35% Packaging Industy 17% construction industry 20% Data from

7 Aluminum Alloy Wrought Aluminum Alloy Wrought alloy is a broad one, since aluminum can be formed by virtually every known process,wrought forms include sheet and plate, foil, extrusion, bar and Rod, wire, forgings and others. Cast Aluminum Alloy Cast alloys are those specially formulated to flow into a sand or permanent mold, to be die cast or to be cast by any other process where the casting is the final form.

8 Cast Aluminum Alloys Alloy Series 1xx.x 2xx.x 3xx.x 4xx.x 5xx.x 6xx.x 7xx.x 8xx.x Major alloy element 99% min aluminum Copper Silicon Plus Copper and/or Magnesium Silicon Magnesium Unused Series Zinc Tin

9 变形铝合金 Alloy Series 1xxx 2xxx 3xxx 4xxx 5xxx 6xxx 7xxx 8xxx Major alloy element 99% min aluminum Copper Manganese Silicon Magnesium Magnesium and Silicon Zinc Other Element

10 Manganese Content level in Popular 3xxx Series Alloy Series Mn % 99.7% Pure Aluminum 0.03 Max 3003 alloy ally alloy

11 Manganese in Aluminum industrial chain

12 Method of adding manganese into aluminum Manganese Flack Aluminum-Manganese Master alloy Manganese Tablets

13 % Recovery Dissolution Rates of Mn Additives Dissolution Time (minutes) MnFlake Mn20 Wafle Mn80ZF Mn80Flux 13

14 Types of Alloying Tablets Composition 75%, 80%, 85%, 100% Elements Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ti Binder Flux, Al powder Size 100gm, 200gm, 1000gm Mitsuibishi Aluminium 14

15 Photomicrographs of Tablet Dissolution Mn particle dissolving Alloyed melt Mn Mn aluminide phases 15

16 Tablet Dissolution Swelled compacts Mn75% - 730ºC Seconds after addition 16

17 Tablets advantages Cost effective High Performance Easy manufacturing

18 Market Analysis Oversea Market demand Customs export data Chinese domestic market demand estimated data

19 Export Volume 6 Month s volume Annual Demand estimates Manganese Tablets 17,766,390 KG 35,532,779 KG Iron Tablets 3,171,719 KG 6,343,437 KG Cr Tablets 1,208,826 KG 2,417,653 KG Ti Tablets 459,364 KG 918,728 KG Coper Tablets 8,000 KG 16,000 KG Nickel Tablets 2,000 KG 4,000 KG

20 Manganese Export Market South America 6% Oceania 0% Asia (ex China) 18% North America 27% GCC 11% Europe 38%

21 Countries Import Mn Tablets Over 800MT Country Demand % 1 America 7,785,513 22% 2 The Nether Land 3,955,200 11% 3 South Korea 3,262,968 9% 4 Russia 2,144,508 6% 5 Canada 1,766,729 5% 6 Brazil 1,591,400 4% 7 Spain 1,374,560 4% 8 The United Arab Emirates 1,217,412 3% 9 Saudi Arabia 1,360,000 4% 10 Greece 1,184,880 3% 11 Turkey 1,138,816 3% 12 India 918,304 3% 13 Bahrain 821,860 2%

22 Domestic Demand estimate China produce more than 50% Al alloy in the world Domestic Demand at least same as Oversea Demand 35 Thousand Ton

23 Total Demand for Mn flack in Aluminum Industry 60 Thousand Ton

24 Tablets producer List No Type Name 1 Hoesch Foreign 2 Bostlan Company 3 AMG Aluminum 4 Dongsheng 5 Mete alloy 6 Aida long - established 7 Zhongshan Huayu 8 Lande 9 Must alloy 10 Runji 11 Forea 12 Sitong 13 Fengda Alloy 14 Ruisheng 15 New Producer Gaite Trade 16 Shangu Trade 17 Gerui 18 Jinlianxing 19 Angshen Metal 20 Xinpeng

25 Mn Tablets Industrial Competition Analysis Michael Porter's Five Forces Model

26 Development Tendency Technical Leading Brand Leading scale economy resource superiority

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