TSFX Unit 4 Head Start Lecture/2019 HHD. Carla Mathisen

Transcription

1 TSFX Unit 4 Head Start Lecture/2019 HHD

2 Characteristics of high, middle and low income countries Key Skill: Describe characteristics of high middle and low income countries What that means: - In order to describe characteristics of high, middle and low income countries, a range of factors relating to each characteristic (economic, social and environmental) should be known - It is important to remember there are variations within and between countries in each income group - DO NOT make definite statements - The characteristic should be phrased in relation to the question. Not just education but lower levels of education Key Skill: Analyse factors that contribute to health status and burden of disease in different countries and discuss their impact on health and wellbeing What that means: - There must be familiarity with the following factors and able to explain each factor and how they contribute to similarities and differences in HS and BOD - Access to safe water, sanitation, poverty, inequality and discrimination, global distribution and marketing

3 Middle income countries explained Generally middle-income countries reflect aspects of both low- and highincome countries For example, in terms of economic characteristics this means they are in a transition period, experiencing increasing trade opportunities, growing economies and developing trade links around the world. Environmentally, they are in the process of building infrastructure.

4 Key Skill: Analyse factors that contribute to health status and burden of disease in different countries and discuss their impact on health and wellbeing What that means: - There must be familiarity with the following factors and able to explain each factor and how they contribute to similarities and differences in HS and BOD - Access to safe water, sanitation, poverty, inequality and discrimination, global distribution and marketing

5 Poverty

6 An example of what you need to know for each factor: Poverty contributes to: - Malnutrition: decreasing immune function and increasing the risk of infection and premature death, especially among children - Restricts governments: cant provide access to clean water and sanitation, increasing the risk of infectious diseases, eg. diarrhoeal disease - Lower literacy rates: restricted access to education, lowering opportunities for employment continuing cycle of poverty. - Lower levels of health literacy: leading to premature mortality, eg HIV/AIDS - Inability to access healthcare: cannot afford healthcare (Few countries have a universal health scheme like Australia). People die from easily treatable conditions. - Inadequate housing: poor ventilation leading to respiratory conditions. Lack of insulation and heating/cooling increases risk of death from pre existing conditions, eg. heart conditions while the body tries to maintain it s temperature. ** All of these contribute to the difference in the burden of disease between low and middle income countries and high income countries

7 Sustainability and it s role in the promotion of health and wellbeing Key Skill: Explain sustainability (environmental, social, economic) and it s importance in the promotion of health and wellbeing in a global context What that means: - It is important to be able to explain sustainability and the three dimensions that underpin it - Identify and discuss specific factors that relate to each dimension of sustainability assisting in discussing it s importance in relation to the promotion of health and wellbeing

8 The Concept of Human Development Key Skill: Explain the Human Development Index and evaluate it s usefulness in measuring human development of countries What that means: - Necessary to be familiar with the HDI - Important to know what the HDI rating means; eg. What does HDI of 0.7 mean compared to HDI of 0.5? - Must be able to evaluate the use of the HDI in relation to its usefulness in measuring human development - A range of advantages and limitations of the HDI should be known

9 Human Development (HD) Is about creating an environment in which people can: - develop to their full potential - lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests (eg. work, go to school, socialise) - expand their choices (what they value and want; provide equal opportunities) - enhance their capabilities (the range of things people can be and do; be - well fed, sheltered, healthy; do - go to school, work, vote, participate in community life) - lead long and healthy lives - have access to knowledge - have access to a decent standard of living (resources such as housing, reliable food and water supply) - participate in the life of their community - participate in the decisions affecting their lives

10 HDI HDI

11 Implications for health and wellbeing of global trends Key Skill: Analyse the implications for health and wellbeing of particular global trends What that means: To address this skill, it is important to have a clear understanding of all dimensions of health and wellbeing and each of the global trends explored in this topic. The following questions offer a useful approach when analysing the impact of global trends on health and wellbeing: What is the global trend that is the focus of the question? For example, it could be rising sea levels or extreme weather events as part of climate change; it could be conflict or mass migration, world trade or tourism or any digital technologies. This information could be presented as a case study, graph, table or quotation. What does the global trend mean or what does it include? Will the trend have a positive impact on all dimensions of health and wellbeing, including physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual health and wellbeing? Are there any potential negative influences on health and wellbeing in relation to the global trend?

12 Global Trends What to learn: implications for health and wellbeing of global trends including: climate change (rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and more extreme weather events) conflict and mass migration increased world trade and tourism digital technologies that enable increased knowledge sharing

13 Sustainable Development Goals Key Skill: Describe the objectives of the UN s Sustainable Development Goals and justify their importance What that means: - You need to understand why the UN developed the Sustainable Development Goals - What they are - When they were developed - The period they re relevant for - Their objectives - Required to justify whey they re important by explaining the reasons they were introduced Key Skill: Describe key features of SDG 3 and analyse its relationships with other SDGs in collaborative approaches to improving health and wellbeing & HD globally What that means: - You must be able to accurately name the SDGs not just by number - Must know SDG 3 in detail and describe its key features - Analyse how the work being done to achieve other SDGs also help to improve health and wellbeing and human development

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17 The work and priorities of the WHO Key Skill: Explain the priorities and the work of the WHO and discuss how the WHO priorities are reflected in different scenarios What that means: - Explain all 6 WHO priorities - Explain the work of the WHO - Apply the priorities in a range of different scenarios or situations. - Recognise how they are reflected in an example provided or apply the priorities to suggest actions that could be taken to address a health-related issue

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19 Key Skill: Describe and justify different types of aid What that means: - Describe the 3 types of aid - Recognise the right type of aid that will bring about improvements in H&W and HD - Understand the purpose of each type of aid - Explain why that type of aid is the most appropriate given the info you have available Key Skill: Explain and evaluate the role of NGOs in promoting H&W and HD globally What that means: - Identify the range of NGOs that provide aid - Explain what they do and how well they do in promoting H&W and HD globally - This skill often tested via case study Types of Aid

20 Feature Ownership by recipient country Description Countries receiving the aid must be involved in deciding they type of aid that will best suit their needs Need to consider political and sociocultural aspects of the community Eg. Delivering messages in local languages with visual aids demonstrates an understanding of the community needs Results focussed Having a lasting impact and making a difference on poverty, reducing inequality and promoting H&W should be the main focus When aid workers leave an effective program should continue to have a positive impact Eg. Focus on involving and educating women Partnerships By forming partnerships, the differing strengths of the government, NGOs and local communities can be used to implement effective programs and make efficient use of resources Ensure available resources are used effectively Transparency and shared responsibilities All necessary information is made available to everyone involved Funding is used for it s intended purpose Eg. Funding might be provided for an agricultural program for women but spent on luxuries for government officials

21 Who Gives a Crap

22 Midwives on Motorbikes Timor Leste

23 Thank you for having me