Sustainable Rural Sanitation at Scale

Transcription

1 Sustainable Rural Sanitation at Scale Lessons and Results from India, Indonesia, Ethiopia and Tanzania Eduardo A. Perez Senior Sanitation Specialist

2 2.6 Billion People Lack Access to Hygienic Sanitation 1.3 Open Defecation 1.3 Shared/ Unimproved Sanitation 3.8 Developing World Population 70 million Indonesians defecate in the open 221 million Africans in SSA defecate in the open 550 million Indians defecate in the open

3 The Challenge poor Rural sanitation programs that are: Effective Large scale Sustainable Includes the

4 Global Learning Project in partnership with governments in India, Indonesia, Tanzania and Ethiopia Start at Scale but building on evidence of promising approaches Government owned and led Technical support from WSP Strong explicit learning component

5 Results Through December More than 9 million people with increased access and use of improved sanitation Over 9,000 communities are Open Defecation Free (ODF) Other Key Results: Measurably Stronger national government Enabling Environments Stronger local government capacity to operationalize and sustain large scale rural sanitation programs Global and national learnings adding to sanitation sector evidence and knowledge

6 Theory of Change for Sustainable At Scale Program ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Create DEMAND For Sustainable Sanitation Create SUPPLY Of improved Sanitation Services

7 Conceptual Approach Changing Behaviors First to Stop Open Defecation and Create Demand for Moving Up the Sanitation Ladder India

8 Programmatic Approach Creating Demand and Supply Community-Led Total Sanitation Behavior Change + Communications + Sanitation Marketing India Facilitator triggering Community Ignition Formative Research Mass Media Community Events Household visits Promotion Product Price Place

9 An integrated programmatic approach to change behaviors and increase access and use of sanitation facilities CLTS + Behaviour Change Comm. Sanitation marketing + BCC

10 Role and Functions of Local Government Local Governments have responsibility to ensure (not provide) sustainable sanitation services

11 Role of the Domestic Service Provider Creating a supply of affordable consumer responsive sanitation products and services

12 Enabling Environment for Sustainable At Scale Sanitation Reform Policies and Institutions to Sustain National Programs POLICY, STRATEGY & DIRECTION MONITORING & EVALUATION COST-EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION ENABLING ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT S PROGRAM METHODOLOGY FINANCING AVAILABILITY OF PRODUCTS AND TOOLS IMPLEMENTATIO N CAPACITY

13 Financial Strategy Households finance Governments finance Donors finance Construction of Household Facility Sanitation & Hygiene promotion M & E Incentives for community outcomes Subsidies for poor households Institutional sanitation facilities Advocacy Technical Assistance Capacity Building Knowledge management

14 Financial Strategy

15 At Scale Service Delivery Model WSP provides technical support Local private sector produces sanitation products and services Stimulate growth of Supply Train Monitor Regulate Increase supply Increase demand Buy sanitation products and services Households build and use improved sanitation facilitates Rural Communities Ignite and Commit to becoming 100% Open Defecation Free Facilitates CLTS behavior change triggering Promote Demand creation for improved sanitation Local Governments Implement Rural Sanitation Program National and State Governments Creates an Enabling Environment for a large Scale Sustainable Rural Sanitation Program

16 What did we learn - key success factors Formative research to understand market segments and key behavioral determinants Starting with behavior change rather than construction Identifying and developing at scale service delivery models Clear and explicit rural sanitation policy and institutional reform at National, State and local government levels Distinct budget allocations for sanitation and hygiene

17 Emerging Lessons Quality at Scale CLTS triggering to ignition hit rate varied widely Revised approach Revise BCC strategy for those near water bodies Develop improved systematic capacity building plan Strengthen post CLTS triggering follow up Real time performance monitoring

18 Real Time Performance Monitoring used to Improve performance Jan, 2007 Jan, 2011 Score > Band Superior Good Improving Weak

19 Revised approach Competition for sustaining ODF Going from individual behavior change to changing social norms Revised BCC strategy for shared latrines Sustaining national and local government leadership Emerging Lessons Learned Lessons Maintaining 100% ODF Sustaining Behavior Change is challenging Assessments show some backtracking on BC achievements such as OD Latrines not being properly maintained and cleaned

20 Emerging Lessons Learned Lessons Subsidies Well-targeted household subsidies can be effective at helping poor households gain access to higher quality and more sustainable sanitation facilities Requires resources to sustain subsidy at scale

21 Emerging Lessons Learned Lessons Incentives/Rewards Output/outcome-based financial and non-financial incentives are effective at improving local government performance and motivating communities. Requires an effective and credible verification system

22 Emerging Lessons: Enabling Environment Necessary but not sufficient at creating sustainable national rural sanitation programs BUT strong Enabling Environment is needed for strong performance and results Requires a long-term commitment, flexibility, and recognition that it is not a linear progression Develop evidenced based advocacy/knowledge products Need better understanding of Political Economy

23 Take Home Message Replicable Model for Working at Scale Nicaragua Peru Benin Burkina Faso Ethiopia Kenya Mozambique Senegal Tanzania Uganda Bangladesh India Pakistan Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Philippines Vietnam Financing to Governments for Rural Sanitation from WB, ADB, GSF, USAID, AUSAID

24 Looking Ahead Continue to gather and document evidence Develop tools and resources Work with partners to support government efforts and replicate approach Partner with WEDC!

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