Promotion of Resource-Circulating Society

Transcription

1 Promotion of Resource-Circulating Society Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI Chair, Central Environment Council, Planning Committee on Sound Material-Cycle Society, Government of Japan Vice President for International Relations The University of Tokyo OECD-UNEP Conference on Resource Efficiency April 24, 2008

2 Outline 1. The 2 nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society 2. Spheres of Resource Circulation at East Asia 3. International Cooperation through 3R Activities, particuraly in Asia

3 1. The 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing a Sound Material Cycle Society (SMCS)

4 Japan's strategy for a Sustainable Society (Cabinet Meeting Decision on June 1, 2007) Integrating 3 Aspects of a Sustainable Society Climate change and energy/resources Reduce greenhouse gas emissions drastically A Low Carbon Society A Sustainable Society Coexist in harmony with Earth s ecosystems and realize an economic society that enjoy a sustainable growth and development Recycling resources through 3R A Sound Material- Cycle Society Climate change and ecosystems A Society in in Harmony with with Nature Enjoy and pass on nature's blessings Ecosystems and environmental load

5 Overview of the 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing a SMCS Current situation and Issues Need to respond to global environmental issues such as worldwide resource limitation as well as global warming Necessary to further develop sound material cycle societies by the 3Rs Mid-to-long term image of SMS Realize Stock-based Society Regionally-characteristic SSMS (Spheres of Sound Material Cycle) Indicators and targets 1 Material Flow based Indicators Numerical target setting(fy ) Input : Resource Productivity 420 KJPY/tn (60% increase) Recycle": Cyclical use Rate about 14-15% (40-50% increase) Output" :Final Disposal Amount about 23 mil. tn (60% reduction) Activities of stakeholders Partnership and Collaboration Mutual collaboration of every stakeholders National government Partnership among stakeholders & implementation of nation-wide activities Local governments Partnership with stakeholders and implementation of nation-wide activities Citizens Campaign of life style change Businesses -implementation of the 3Rs -inter-industrial collaboration NGO/NPO and Universities and others -Interface of collaboration and partnership -info. dissemination 2 Indices related to effort Numerical target setting Reduction of municipal solid waste Reduction of final disposal of industrial waste About 60% reduction from FY 2000 Changes in awareness and actions of citizens awareness: about 90% actions: about 50% Promotion of SMC Businesses Double the market for Sound Material Cycle businesses from FY 2000

6 Spheres of Sound Material Cycle Households/ Retailers Material Use Reuse & Recycling Community based Sound Material Cycle International Material Cycle Domestic Material Cycle Regional Material Cycle Local Material Cycle Separate collection Reusing/ Repairing of materials/ devices, diversion of used cooking oil, etc. Final Disposal Village B City A Heat Recovery Town C City D Use of Biomass Circulative resources considered as economically efficient and environmentally preferable with smaller impact. Recycling Circulative resources which are most efficiently processed in the area where environmental business is well-developed and active (i.e., metal, soil and stone resources, and any material that requires extra treatment processes and/or care before disposal, etc.) Utilization of circulative resources based on the characteristics of each country (low wages, high technological advantage, etc.) that require high recycling technologies. In Japan, for example, trace amounts of rare metals can be efficiently recycled, which requires advanced recycling technologies.

7 Material Flows in Japan Changes from FY 2000 to FY 2005 FY2000 FY2005 Resources (752) Products (48) Domestic resources (1,125) Imports (800) Natural resources and the like input (1,925) * Water Content etc (299) Total material input (2,138) Generation of waste and the like (595) exports (120) Net addition to stock (1,110) Energy consumption emissions from industrial processes (500) Food consumption (97) Reduction (241) (Unit: million ton) compost(16) Returned to nature (84) Final disposal (57) Products (56) Resources (759) Imports (815) Domestic resources (831) Natural resources and the like input (1,646) * Water included, etc (289) Total material input (1,874) exports(159) Net addition to stock (817) Energy consumption emissions from industrial processes (498) Generation of waste and the like (579) Food consumption (95) Reduction (238) (Unit: million ton) Returned to nature (82) compost(15) Final disposal (32) Amount of cyclical use [reuse + recycle] (213) Amount of cyclical use [reuse + recycle] (228) *Water Content etc.: Water included in wastes and the like (sludge, animal manure, human waste, waste acids, waste alkali), and the soil and sand associated with Economic activity (sludge from Mining, construction and water works industries and tailing from mining )

8 The Enhancement of Indicators under the New Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society (material flow based indicators) The 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society 1 Indicators with target setting 1) Input": Resource Productivity GDP / Natural resources 2) Recycle": Cyclical use Rate Amount of cyclical use/ Amount of cyclical use+natural resources 3) Output": Final Disposal Amount Final disposal amount of waste 2 Supplementary indicators with target setting 1) Resource productivity not including resource input of soil and stone 2) Collaboration with the action for low carbon society - the amount of reduction by the measures of waste sector to reduce GHGs emission - GHGs emission associated with waste sector and fossil fuels to be substituted by waste power generation (measurement) 3 Indicators to monitor progress 1) Resource productivity related to fossil fuels 2) Input rate of biomass resources 3) Hidden Flow and TMR (Total Material Requirement) (the example of estimation:about 21 times larger than the import of metal resources) 4) Indicators considering international resource circulation 5) Resource productivity of each industrial sector

9 Material Flow-based Indicators -Indicators with target setting- The 2 nd Plan Resource Productivity 260 thousand yen/ton 420 thousand yen/ton (60% increase) Cyclical use Rate 10% about 14-15% (40-50% increase) Final Disposal Amount 57 million tons about 23 million tons (about 60% reduction) Resource productivity (ten thousand yen/ton) 60% improvement over 15 years (26) Current target (33) (12.2) 30% Increase from the current target (37) (14) (42) 30% Increase (14~15) Cyclical use rate(%) 6

10 The Enhancement of Indicators under the New Fundamental Plan for Establishing SMCS (Indices Related to Efforts) The 2nd Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society 1. Indicators with target setting 1) Reducing the Quantity of Waste (municipal solid waste and industrial waste) 2) Changes in Thoughts and Actions to Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society 3) Promoting Sound Material-Cycle Society Businesses (green purchasing, environmental business management, sound material-cycle society business market) 4) Steady implementation of individual recycling laws 2. Indicators to monitor progress 1) market size of rental and lease service, the delivery rate of refillable products 2) refuse rate of plastic bag, the sales of disposable goods 3) the size of used product market, the use rate of reusable bin 4) the number of stadium which introduced reuse cup. 5) the number of local Fundamental Plan for Establishing Sound Material Cycle Society 6) the implementation rate of local governments charging waste management 7) the number of facilities for material recovery 8) recycle rate of municipal solid waste, the implementation rate of local governments conducting sorted collection of containers and packaging etc. 9) the number of environmental education and mutual exchange events organized by local governments

11 2.. Spheres of Resource Circulation at East Asia

12 Worldwide Waste Problems and Present Status in Asia In line with the economic growth and population increase in Asia and other parts of the world, the amount of waste generation is increasing worldwide, and the quality of waste is diversifying. The global waste generation is expected to more than double in 2050, compared to the 2000 level. Future prospects of waste generation amount in the world [ ] 100million ton 億 /year ton/ 年 Solid Waste Generation in the World : about 12.7 billion tons 2050: about 27 billion tons : about 19 billion tons : about 17 billion tons ASIA Europe Northern America Latin America and the Caribbean Africa Ocea Source: Yoshizawa, Tanaka, et al. Research on estimation of the world waste generation amount and future prospects 12

13 Tightening Resource and Energy Supplies As a result of dynamic demand for resources in China and other areas, the prices of natural and circulative resources are soaring. The export of circulative resources is increasing from Japan to other Asian countries. (Yen/t) 35,000 30,000 22,600 25,000 20,300 21,300 19,200 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 (Dollar/barrel) High Low [Import CIF prices of crude oil] Soaring prices of natural and circulative resources [Prices of iron and steel scrap] Note: The prices of iron and steel scrap are the delivered cash prices of H2 (indicators for domestic iron and steel scrap). Source: Japan Iron and Steel Recycling Institute ,200 21, ,200 30, Source: Trade of Japan, Ministry of Finance The prices of iron and steel scrap rose to 160% from 2003 to The prices of crude oil rose to approx. 250% from 2001 to Amt of export (1,000 tons) Amt of export (1,000 tons) 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, Others 他 South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong China 中国 Iron and steel scrap Others 他 Taiwan Hong Kong China Changes in the export of circulative resources Copper scrap 2005 Amt of export (1,000 tons) Amt of export (1,000 tons) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, ,200 1, 中国 その他台湾 香港中国 他 Others South Korea Taiwan Hong Kong China 0 Others Taiwan Hong Kong China Used paper 古紙 Waste plastics Source: Trade Statistics, Ministry of Finance

14 Basic Approach toward an International Sound Material-Cycle Society Domestic Circulation Domestic Circulation International Circulation (1) Placing priority on improvement of the domestic 3R capacity (2) Simultaneously enhancing and reinforcing activities to prevent illegal import/export of waste National boundary When (1) and (2) are successfully implemented, (3)Facilitating import/export of CR as complementary to domestic circulation in each country Source: documents from the Central Environmental Council

15 3. International Cooperation through 3R activities in Asia

16 Japan s s Action Plan for a World-Wide Wide Sound Material-Cycle Society Realize a Zero-Waste Society in Japan and transmit its experiences to the world Support to Developing Countries for Developing Zero Waste Society Promote international cooperation to spread a zero-waste society in the world Work with various countries and organizations to develop zero-waste policies (organizing senior officials meetings to follow-up the 3R Initiative) Reinforce the knowledge and technology base for the development of a zerowaste society in Asia (establishing an East Asia 3R research network) Promote zero-waste actions through information transmission and networking 16

17 Promotion of the 3Rs in Asia Problems Increasing quantities and diversifying qualities of wastes Trans-boundary movement of waste and circulative resources Soaring resource prices Approach Promotion of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) and appropriate management of wastes More efficient use of resources and materials, and reduction of environmental impact Establish a Sound Material Cycle Society in Asian region as a Win-Win solution Held Policy Dialogues in Asia Supporting the formulation of 3R promotion strategies in individual countries Disseminate Japan s experience Activities E-waste measures Prevention of illegal export and import Development of Hub for accumulating information and technology Development of research network Regional Forum on Environment and Health Collaboration with international organizations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) United Nations Center for Regional Development (UNCRD) Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Basel Convention Secretariat Asia Development Bank (ADB)

18 Actions against Illegal Import/Export of Hazardous Waste Cooperation with Asian Countries The Asian Network for Prevention of Illegal Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes Organization of workshop Environmentally sound management of E-waste in the Asia-Pacific region Support Basel Convention s Project on environmentally sound management of E-waste in the Asia-Pacific region -Organize Workshop -Survey on the amount of E-Waste generation (Thailand, Malaysia and others) TV claiming as secondhand Goods Boards plotted for export by being mixed with other cargo Explanatory meeting of the Japan s Basel Law Outdoor AC unit claiming for reuse purpose Implementation of consultation with exporters Cargo inspection Enhancement of National Monitoring System Number of consultations 年度別事前相談件数 ( 環境省 経産省合計 )er of Pr i or Consul t at i on H15 年度 H16 年度 H17 年度 H18 年度

19 Japan s Bilateral Activities for 3Rs Asia Korea Japan Korea Waste Recycling Policy Dialogue China Japan China Waste Recycling Policy Dialogue Thailand National 3R strategy (planned) Philippines National 3R strategy (planned) Bangladesh National 3R strategy (planned) Cambodia National 3R strategy (planned) Vietnam National 3R strategy (planned) Singapore Bilateral policy dialogue Indonesia National 3R strategy (planned) 19 *In Mexico JICA supports the development of national 3R program since 2007.

20 2 nd Asia 3R Conference Date : March 18 - March 19, 2008 Venue Mita Conference Hall, Tokyo, Japan Participating Countries & Int l Organizations : Dep t heads and deputy heads from 19 Asian countries and 7 int l organizations Overview of results: -This Conference is considered a part of preparation for discussion on 3R activities at the G8 Environment Ministers Meeting scheduled in May, Participants actively exchanged opinions on such issues as improvement of resource productivity, co-benefit aspects of 3R with efforts against global warming, international co-operation. -Participants shared the recognition concerning the significance of proper resource circulation and improvement of resource productivity in Asian Region.

21 Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian countries (WHO/UNEP) 1. Objective of the forum Effectively addressing environmental and health issues through enhanced regional abilities, and Promoting the implementation of regional environmental and health strategies and regulations. 2. Establishment of Thematic Working Group (TWG) (1) Air quality and noise (2) Water supply, hygiene and sanitation; (3) Solid and hazardous waste (4) Toxic chemicals and hazardous substances; (5) Climate change, ozone depletion and ecosystem change; and (6) Contingency planning, preparedness and response in environmental health emergencies 3. Waste Thematic Working Group Participants from 13 countries from southeast and east Asia and international organizations Consider regional cooperation through analysis of good practices and challenges mainly on urban solid waste and medical waste

22 Thank you! Edo was once an ideal SMS city