Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 146 (2016 )

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1 Available online at.sciencediect.com ScienceDiect Pocedia Engineeing 46 (206 ) th Intenational Cold Climate HVAC 205 Confeence, CCHVAC 205 The Reseach on Community Enegy Potential of Liaobin Coastal Economic Zone Guohui Feng a,chuan Tian a, *,Shuai Li b a School of Municipal and Envionmental Engineeing, Shenyang JianZhu Univesity,No.9 Hunnan east oad, Shenyang 068, China b State Gid Liaoning Electic Poe Company Limited Economic Reseach Institute,No.83 Wencui oad,shenyang 005, China Abstact The enegy supply chaacteistics and achitectual featues in Liaobin coastal economic zone ae studied to achieve the enegy efficient utilization and the balance of supply and demand in egional enegy. The integated esouces planning method is used to analyze the potential of eneable enegy and the demand of enegy saving. The simulation models ee established ith DeST softae fo vaious buildings. And the simplified method of typical building as used to simplify the simulation models in this aea.as shon in the esult, the potential of saving enegy on demand side is 6%. The planning of natual gas can satisfy the demand fo futue development to make up the lo eliability of the electicity supply. The annual geneation capacity at the potential of sola enegy esouces is 00kW/m 2, hile the annual geneation capacity at the potential of ind enegy esouces is 650.9kWh/m 2. Biomass esouces have geat potentials. The potential of geothemal enegy esouces is J. The eneable esouces and unexploited enegy can be used. The advantages of community enegy planning on the enegy utilization ee analyzed. The planning ill be developed based on the combination of enegy egeneation and building enegy saving techniques. And the esult of this eseach ill povide theoetical and technical suppot to the development of the community enegy planning in this zone. 206 The Authos. Published by Elsevie by Elsevie Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access aticle unde the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Pee-evie unde esponsibility of the oganizing committee of CCHVAC 205. Pee-evie unde esponsibility of the oganizing committee of CCHVAC 205 Keyods: Liaobin coastal economic zone, Community enegy planning, Simplified method of typical building, Resouce potential analysis * Coesponding autho. Tel.: ; fax: addess: tianchuan626@63.com The Authos. Published by Elsevie Ltd. This is an open access aticle unde the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Pee-evie unde esponsibility of the oganizing committee of CCHVAC 205 doi:0.06/j.poeng

2 360 Guohui Feng et al. / Pocedia Engineeing 46 ( 206 ) Intoduction Cuently, the study on Community Enegy Planning in China and aboad is still in its infancy. Liaobin coastal economic zone as founded on Decembe 5, It is one of the most impotant developing aeas in Liaoning coastal economic zone, and as involved the National Development Stategy in July, In 2th Five-Yea Plan peiod, the goal of Panjin as made Liaobin coastal economic zone become national economic zone. In ode to impove the efficiency of community enegy utilization and to ealize lo-cabon enegy saving in the community buildings, community enegy planning should be applied in this zone []. In addition, a community netok fo enegy utilization, hich is a high efficient, envionmental fiendly netok platfom taking advantages of cuent enegy as ell as eneable enegy, should be established. As the foundation of the community enegy utilization netok, the chaacteistics of enegy supply and building enegy consumption including the enegy potential of taditional enegy, eneable enegy and enegy saving on demand side ee analyzed in this eseach. 2. Methods Afte the global oil cises and the Middle East a in the 980s, the Ameican schola put foad the theoy about applying Demand Side Management (DSM) in the poe secto [2], hich ould decease the capacity and the cost of poe plants on supply side by educing the okload and the enegy consumption and impoving the efficiency of enegy utilization on demand side [3]. The United Nations Envionment Pogam combined the DSM and the community enegy planning based on the theoy of DSM, and put foad the Integated Resouce Planning (IRP) method [4]. The main idea of the IRP is to change the oiginal ay hich just simply inceased the supply of esouces to meet the inceasing demand, and to egad the saved enegy due to the impovement of enegy efficiency on the demand side as an altenative esouce instead [5]. The most significant diffeence beteen IRP and the taditional enegy planning is that the esouces of IRP include not only taditional poe plants and themal poe plants on supply side, but also the educed demand and saved enegy due to enegy-saving measues applied at the teminals hich ae moe stingent than the national standad, the available eneable enegy esouces in the aea such as sola, ind, geothemal enegy, biomass enegy and the available untapped enegy such as aste heat, lo gade enegy fom natue and the enegy that can be ecycled(tempeatue-diffeence enegy, aste heat fom subay and factoy, aste incineation) [6]. 3. Enegy-saving Potential on Demand Side By paticipating in the municipal planning, hich is pat of the oveall planning of Liaobin Coastal Economic Zone, e find the enegy load in the taditional enegy planning as alays oveestimated [7]. As a esult, the load estimation becomes the most potential pats in the enegy-saving on demand side. Theefoe, the simplified method on typical buildings hich is a ne method fo dynamic heating and cooling load pediction should be intoduced into community enegy planning. Accoding to the method, all the buildings in the planning aea ould be classified into vaious types duing the load estimation phase in community enegy planning, such as esidential buildings, mall buildings, hotel buildings, office buildings, hospital buildings etc. Additionally, achitectual models ould be built up fo the typical buildings of diffeent types and then use these models to simulate the dynamic heating and cooling load. Finally, the dynamic load estimation fo all kinds of building in this zone ould be geneated based on the esults of the simulation. Accoding to the esults of the simulation, hich ae shon in Fig. to Fig.2, the maximum heating load pe unit aea of the typical esidential building, 00.75W/m², appeaed on Januay 6. The maximum cooling load pe unit aea of the typical esidential building, 44.68W/m², appeaed on August 5. The maximum heating load pe yea of all the esidential buildings in the zone, 267.4MW, appeaed on Januay 6. The maximum cooling load pe yea of all the esidential buildings in the zone, 26.49MW, appeaed on August 5. In the end, the total heating load in the zone as estimated to be 355.8MW. Compaed ith the load index method hich gave out the estimation as MW. The simplified method of typical building is moe efficient on pedicting the total enegy load in Liaobin Coastal Economic Zone.

3 Guohui Feng et al. / Pocedia Engineeing 46 ( 206 ) Enegy-saving Potential on Demand Side Accoding to the eseaches, the photovoltaic system has bette pefomance on poe supply and ate heating hen the egional annual sunshine hous could be beyond 800 hs. Based on the data of thee long-tem sola adiation obsevation in Liaoning fom 97 to 203, the total amount of adiation in othe aeas as calculated ith statistical methods. The esult shos that the total annual sola adiation in Liaoning Povince is 5000MJ/m². All the aeas, especially the coastal aeas such as Panjing, Yingko, and Dalian, ae in ich of sola enegy esouce. The vaiation tendency of total annual sun adiation is elatively stable. The sun adiation is high in summe and lo in inte. The sola adiation intensity values of Panjin ae shon in Fig MW Time/h Fig.. Houly heating load of egional achitectue MW Time/h Fig. 2. Houly cooling load of egional achitectue.

4 362 Guohui Feng et al. / Pocedia Engineeing 46 ( 206 ) Time h The annual diect adiation intensity W/m 2 Fig.3. The annual diect sun adiation intensity chat. Panjin locates beteen the noth latitude 40 4' and 4 27', hich means longe day times in summe and moe sufficient sunshine. The total sunshine time in standad yea is up to 956h. The aveage value of the sola adiation intensity is 335W/m 2. Thee ae 223h hen the total adiation intensity is moe than 00W/m 2, hich takes 74.9% of the total sunshine hous. The annual total adiation intensity is MW/m 2, hich can obtain annual poe output about 00kW/m 2 ith the sola photovoltaic poe geneation. Theefoe, the photovoltaic system fo poe supply and pepaing hot ate is feasible in Panjin City. 4.. Wind enegy Wind enegy density is the most valuable paamete to measue the size of ind poe. It needs to evaluate the ind poe potential in the aea. Wind enegy density is the ind poe geneated by the ai vetical passing though unit aea in unit time. The folloing is the geneal expession fo the ind enegy density [8]. E / 2 V 3 () Among them, E epesents fo ind enegy density, and the unit is /m 2. ρ epesents fo density of ai quality, and the unit is kg/ m 3. V epesents fo the ind speed, and the unit is m/s. The aveage ind enegy density ithin a cetain time is alays used to pedict the ind enegy esouce potential of a zone. The houly ind speed data of a yea in Liaobin coastal economic zone as divided into each level ind speed accoding to the inteval of m/s, such as V0(0m/s), V(m/s), V2(2m/s),., V6(6m/s) and V7 (above 6m/s). And then accumulated hous of all levels ind speed in the yeas, hich ae n, n2, n3, and n7, multiplied 3 by the ind enegy density unde diffeent ind speed( n / 2 Vi ). Then the sum of all the levels ind enegy density is divided by the numbe of hous a yea. E 3 / 2n V N (2) aveage i i / The measuing point of Liaobin ind fam is located in east longitude 22 0', noth latitude 40 43'. The monthly and annual aveage ind speed and ind speed fequency of Liaobin Coastal Economic Zone ae shon in the folloing tables.

5 Guohui Feng et al. / Pocedia Engineeing 46 ( 206 ) Table. The monthly and annual aveage ind speed Month Aveage ind speed/(m/s) Table 2. Wind speed fequency Wind speed (m/s) Wind speed fequency/(%) The annual aveage ind speed at 50m in the zone is 6.7m/s afte tested, calculated and analysed of ind enegy esouces in Liaobin coastal economic zone. Annual effective ind hous is 82h hen the ind speed is 3~24m/s. The annual aveage ind poe density is 267.3W/m². The noth ind is the leading ind of Liaobin ind fam. Notheast and southest ind ae the second leading ind. Southest is the maximum enegy ind diection, hich is in favo of ind tubine layout. Theefoe, Liaobin coastal economic zone is suitable fo the constuction of lage ind fams. Fo example, the ind tubine efficiency of a typical ind poe equipment is 70%, the tansmission efficiency and geneato efficiency ae 80%. The utilization coefficient of ind tubine of ideal ind enegy is 59.3%, so the utilization coefficient of ind tubine of typical ind poe equipment is Consideing the cut-in ind speed is 3m/s. The aveage ind speed is 7.5m/s among 82h hose ind speed is above 3m/s. Accoding to the nomal tempeatue and the standad atmospheic pessue, the ai density is.225kg/m 3, so the effective ind enegy 2 density is 223.9W / m. Accoding to the ind enegy utilization coefficient 0.332, the houly electic enegy poduction is 74.3W/m 2. The yealy electic enegy poduction is 650.9kWh/m 2. Wind paametes of Liaobin coastal economic zone is shon in the folloing table. Table 3. Wind paametes of Liaobin coastal economic zone Annual Aveage Wind Enegy Density/ (W/m 2 ) Annual Effective Wind Enegy Density/ (W/m 2 ) Annual Effective Wind Hous/ (h) Annual Effective Wind Poe/ (kwh/m 2 ) Geothemal enegy We find that heat pump technology is feasible and effectual afte many yeas pactical opeation of gound souce heat pumps and feasibility analysis in Panjin. Hoeve, thee ae still seveal poblems such as the effect of ate souce ell echage as poo, hich need to be futhe impoved. Panjin belongs to the etogaded plain, hose aveage altitude is about 4m. The shallo ate quality of this aea is poo, but the ate is abundant. The esult of test and analysis about ate quality shos that the main component of ell ate is sodium chloide, potassium type at the depth less than 900m, hose ph value is about 7.5. The pemeable coefficient is 2.3 m/d, and the adius is 4.8m. Hoeve, the ell ate is fesh ate at the depth moe than 900m, hose composition, ph value, pemeable coefficient and adius basically meet the equiements of ate souce heat pump. Themal stoage method as used to estimate the potential of geothemal esouces. The computation fomulas ae as follos.

6 364 Guohui Feng et al. / Pocedia Engineeing 46 ( 206 ) L 2 A d c ( ) ( t 2 A d A S H l C ( t t 0 ) t 0 ) (3) is the heat stoed in the themal stoage, hose unit is J. is the heat stoed in the ock, hose unit is J. L is the amount of ate stoed in the themal stoage, hose unit is m 3. is the static eseves of the hot ate in the themal stoage poe by the computing time, hose unit is m 3. 2 is the elease of the amount of ate fom themal stoage hen the ate level don to the ate intake capacity limit depth, hose unit is m 3. is the heat stoed in ate, hose unit is J. A is the aea of the calculated aea, hose unit is m 3. d is the thickness of the themal stoage, hose unit is m. ρ is the density of the themal stoage ock, hose unit is kg/m 3. c the specific heat of the themal stoage ock, hose unit is J/kg. φ is the poosity of the themal stoage ock, ho is dimensionless. t is the tempeatue of the themal stoage, hose unit is. t 0 is the annual aveage tempeatue, hose unit is. ρ is the density of geothemal ate, hose unit is kg/m 3. S is the elastic stoativity, ho is dimensionless. H is the height above the stating calculated point, hose unit is m. c the specific heat of ate, hose unit is J/kg. The aea of Liaobin coastal economic zone is 306km 2. Accoding to the eseach and calculation on dilling data, the aveage thickness of the themal esevoi is 250m, the aveage tempeatue of the themal esevoi is 50, and the height of ate head fom the oof of themal esevoi is 45m. The sandstone poosity is 25%. The elastic stoativity is Accoding to the specification of geothemal geological suvey, the specific heat of ate is 480 J/kg, the density of ate is 000kg/m 3, the specific heat of the themal stoage ock is 878 J/kg, and the density of the themal stoage ock is 956 kg/m 3. The esult of calculated ith heat stoage method shos that the amount of geothemal esouces in Liaobin is J, hich is the equal of the caloic value of tons of standad coal combustion. Theefoe, geothemal esouces in Liaobin ae ich. 5. Conclusion Accoding to the simplified method applied on typical building, the total heating load as estimated to be 355.8MW. The annual total adiation intensity is MW/m 2, hich could geneate about 00kW/m 2 poe output annually ith the sola photovoltaic poe geneation. The annual effective ind hous in Liaobin ind fam is 82h. The annual aveage ind poe density is 267.3W/m². Accoding to the ind enegy utilization coefficient hich is 0.332, the houly electic enegy poduction is 74.3W/m 2, and the annually electicity poduction ould be 650.9kWh/m 2. Though the test, calculation and analysis on geothemal enegy esouce potential of Liaobin coastal economic zone, it is shon that the amount of geothemal esouces in Liaobin is J, hich is equivalent to the caloic value of tons of standad coal combustion. Theefoe, Liaobin is in ich of the geothemal esouces. Acknoledgements This eseach is suppoted by "2th Five Yea" national science and technology suppot pogam. Refeences [] Fu Lin, Zheng Zhonghai, Jiang Yi, et al Uban Enegy Planning based on Dynamics and Spatial Distibution[J]. Uban Studies, S, pp [2] Comio C, Dicoato M, Minoia A, et al A Regional Enegy Planning Methodology Including Reneable Enegy Souces and Envionmental Constaints [J]. Reneable and Sustainable Enegy Revies, 7, pp

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