Part 3 Competitiveness Profiles

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1 Part 3 Competitiveness Profiles

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3 How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles The Competitiveness Profiles section of The Africa Competitiveness Report 2011 presents details of the performance in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) discussed in Chapter 1.1 for each of the 35 African countries covered. Algeria Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...4,026.9 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Algeria Middle East and North Africa 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles Page 1 Key indicators The first section presents a selection of key indicators. Population figures come from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) s State of World Population 2009, available at GDP figures come from the April 2010 edition of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) s World Economic Outlook, available at The structure of GDP was obtained from the World Bank s World Development Indicators Online Database (December 1st, 2010 edition). The Human Development Index (HDI) ranking is computed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and is presented in the Human Development Indices: Statistical Update On the righthand side of the section, a chart shows the evolution of GDP per capita valued at power purchasing parity (PPP) over the period Note that for Namibia, data are available only from 1990 on; Zimbabwe data are available only from 2005 on. Global Competitiveness Index This section details the country s performance on the GCI. In the table on the left-hand side, the first column shows its ranks among the 139 economies covered by the GCI and the second column presents its scores. On the right-hand side, the figure shows the country s performance on the 12 pillars of the GCI (blue line) measured against the average scores across all the countries in the same stage of development (black line). Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies)...84 Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy Access to financing Corruption Inadequately educated workforce Policy instability Inadequate supply of infrastructure Poor work ethic in national labor force Foreign currency regulations Tax rates Tax regulations Crime and theft Restrictive labor regulations Government instability/coups Inflation Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings. The most problematic factors for doing business This figure summarizes those factors seen by business executives as the most problematic for doing business in their economy. The information is drawn from the World Economic Forum s Executive Opinion Survey 2009 and From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the 5 most problematic, and to rank those from 1 (most problematic) to 5. The results were then tabulated and weighted according to the ranking assigned by respondents. 1 1 Factor Business sophistication Market size Technological readiness Financial market development Innovation Efficiency Institutions Infrastructure Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Algeria Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training For more information regarding the Executive Opinion Survey, see World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum.

4 How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles 116 Page 2 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail This page presents the score and rank achieved by a country on each of the indicators entering the composition of the GCI. The following pages provide additional information and definitions on each of these indicators. TECHNICAL NOTES AND SOURCES This section provides detailed definitions and sources for all the indicators that enter the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). Two types of data are used in the GCI: Executive Opinion Survey data and data from sources other than the World Economic Forum (national authorities, international agencies, and private sources). The latter were updated at the time The Global Competitiveness Report was prepared. For each indicator, the title appears on the fist line, preceded by its number to allow for quick reference. The numbering refs to the data tables section in The Global Competitiveness Report Underneath is a description of the indicator or, in the case of the Executive Opinion Survey data, the full question and the associated responses. 1st Pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights How would you rate the protection of property rights, including financial assets, in your country? [1 = very weak; 7 = very strong] weighted average Source : World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 1.02 Intellectual property protection How would you rate intellectual property protection, including anti-counterfeiting measures, in your country? [1 = very weak; 7 = very strong] weighted average 1.03 Diversion of public funds In your country, how common is diversion of public funds to companies, individuals, or groups due to corruption? [1 = very common; 7 = never occurs] weighted average 1.04 Public trust of politicians How would you rate the level of public trust in the ethical standards of politicians in your country? [1 = very low; 7 = very high] weighted average The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Algeria 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*...n/a...n/a 10th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page Irregular payments and bribes This indicator represents the average score across the five components of the following Executive Opinion Survey question: In your country, how common is it for firms to make undocumented extra payments or bribes connected with (a) imports and exports; (b) public utilities; (c) annual tax payments; (d) awarding of public contracts and licenses; (e) obtaining favorable judicial decisions. The answer to each question ranges from 1 (very common) to 7 (never occurs) weighted average 1.06 Judicial independence To what extent is the judiciary in your country independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms? [1 = heavily influenced; 7 = entirely independent] weighted average 1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials To what extent do government officials in your country show favoritism to well-connected firms and individuals when deciding upon policies and contracts? [1 = always show favoritism; 7 = never show favoritism] weighted average 1.08 Wastefulness of government spending How would you rate the composition of public spending in your country? [1 = extremely wasteful; 7 = highly efficient in providing necessary goods and services] weighted average

5 1.09 Burden of government regulation How burdensome is it for businesses in your country to comply with governmental administrative requirements (e.g., permits, regulations, reporting)? [1 = extremely burdensome; 7 = not burdensome at all] weighted average 1.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes How efficient is the legal framework in your country for private businesses in settling disputes? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = highly efficient] weighted average 1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regulations How efficient is the legal framework in your country for private businesses in challenging the legality of government actions and/ or regulations? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = highly efficient] weighted average 1.12 Transparency of government policymaking How easy is it for businesses in your country to obtain information about changes in government policies and regulations affecting their activities? [1 = impossible; 7 = extremely easy] weighted average 1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards In your country, how would you assess financial auditing and reporting standards regarding company financial performance? [1 = extremely weak; 7 = extremely strong] weighted average 1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards How would you characterize corporate governance by investors and boards of directors in your country? [1 = management has little accountability to investors and boards; 7 = investors and boards exert strong supervision of management decisions] weighted average 1.20 Protection of minority shareholders interests In your country, to what extent are the interests of minority shareholders protected by the legal system? [1 = not protected at all; 7 = fully protected] weighted average 1.21 Strength of investor protection Strength of Investor Protection Index on a 0 10 (best) scale 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business 2010 How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles 1.13 Business costs of terrorism To what extent does the threat of terrorism impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = significant costs; 7 = no costs] weighted average 1.14 Business costs of crime and violence To what extent does the incidence of crime and violence impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = significant costs; 7 = no costs] weighted average 1.15 Organized crime To what extent does organized crime (mafia-oriented racketeering, extortion) impose costs on businesses in your country? [1 = significant costs; 7 = no costs] weighted average 1.16 Reliability of police services To what extent can police services be relied upon to enforce law and order in your country? [1 = cannot be relied upon at all; 7 = can always be relied upon] weighted average 1.17 Ethical behavior of firms How would you compare the corporate ethics (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials, politicians, and other enterprises) of firms in your country with those of other countries in the world? [1 = among the worst in the world; 7 = among the best in the world] weighted average 2nd Pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure How would you assess general infrastructure (e.g., transport, telephony, and energy) in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] weighted average 2.02 Quality of roads How would you assess roads in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] weighted average 2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure How would you assess the railroad system in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] weighted average 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure How would you assess port facilities in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = well developed and efficient by international standards] For landlocked countries, the question is as follows: How accessible are port facilities? [1 = extremely inaccessible; 7 = extremely accessible] weighted average 2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure How would you assess passenger air transport infrastructure in your country? [1 = extremely underdeveloped; 7 = extensive and efficient by international standards] weighted average 117

6 How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles Available airline seat kilometers Scheduled available airline seat kilometers per week originating in country (in millions) January 2010 and July 2010 average Sources: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser; national sources 2.07 Quality of electricity supply How would you assess the quality of the electricity supply in your country (lack of interruptions and lack of voltage fluctuations)? [1 = insufficient and suffers frequent interruptions; 7 = sufficient and reliable] weighted average 2.08 Fixed telephone lines Number of active fixed telephone lines per 100 population 2009 Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2010 (June 2010 edition); national sources 2.09 Mobile telephone subscriptions Number of mobile cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 population 2009 Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators 2010 (June 2010 edition); national sources 3rd Pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance Government budget balance as a percentage of GDP 2009 Sources: African Development Bank; European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; Inter-American Development Bank; International Monetary Fund; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (July 2010); national sources 3.02 National savings rate National savings rate as a percentage of GDP 2009 Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (June/July 2010); International Monetary Fund; The World Bank Group, World databank (July 2010); national sources 3.03 Inflation Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average) 2009 Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2010); national sources Notes: Economies are ranked in ascending order for presentation purposes only. See Appendix of Chapter 1 for details about the treatment of deflationary countries in the Global Competitiveness Index Interest rate spread Average interest rate spread between typical lending and deposit rates 2009 Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (July 2010); International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics (July 2010); national sources 3.05 Government debt General government gross debt as a percentage of GDP 2009 Sources: African Development Bank; African Development Bank and OECD Development Centre, Africa Economic Outlook (retrieved July 6, 2010); European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Monetary Fund; Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (July 2010); national sources 3.06 Country credit rating Expert assessment of the probability of sovereign debt default on a (lowest probability) scale September 2009 Source: Institutional Investor, No further copying or transmission of this material is allowed without the express permission of Institutional Investor (publisher@institutionalinvestor.com). 4th Pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria How serious an impact do you consider malaria will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] weighted average 4.02 Malaria incidence Number of malaria cases per 100,000 population 2006 Sources: World Health Organization, World Malaria Report 2008; national sources Note: (NE) indicates that malaria is not endemic Business impact of tuberculosis How serious an impact do you consider tuberculosis will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] weighted average 4.04 Tuberculosis incidence Number of tuberculosis cases per 100,000 population 2008 Source: The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 27, 2010) 4.05 Business impact of HIV/AIDS How serious an impact do you consider HI V/AI DS will have on your company in the next five years (e.g., death, disability, medical and funeral expenses, productivity and absenteeism, recruitment and training expenses, revenues)? [1 = a serious impact; 7 = no impact at all] weighted average 4.06 HIV prevalence HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged years 2007 Sources: UNAIDS/World Health Organization, 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic; United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2007/2008; national sources 4.07 Infant mortality Infant (children aged 0 12 months) mortality per 1,000 live births 2008 Sources: The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved June 23, 2010); national sources 4.08 Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth (years) 2008 Source: The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 27, 2010); national source

7 4.09 Quality of primary education How would you assess the quality of primary schools in your country? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent among the best in the world] weighted average 4.10 Primary education enrollment rate Net primary education enrollment rate 2008 Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved July 16, 2010); The World Bank, EdStats query (retrieved July 16, 2010); national sources 5th Pillar: Higher education and training 6th Pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition How would you assess the intensity of competition in the local markets in your country? [1 = limited in most industries; 7 = intense in most industries] weighted average 6.02 Extent of market dominance How would you characterize corporate activity in your country? [1 = dominated by a few business groups; 7 = spread among many firms] weighted average How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles 5.01 Secondary education enrollment rate Gross secondary education enrollment rate 2008 Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved July 16, 2010); national sources 5.02 Tertiary education enrollment rate Gross tertiary education enrollment rate 2008 Sources: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved July 16, 2010); national sources 5.03 Quality of the educational system How well does the educational system in your country meet the needs of a competitive economy? [1 = not well at all; 7 = very well] weighted average 5.04 Quality of math and science education How would you assess the quality of math and science education in your country s schools? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent among the best in the world] weighted average 5.05 Quality of management schools How would you assess the quality of management or business schools in your country? [1 = poor; 7 = excellent among the best in the world] weighted average 5.06 Internet access in schools How would you rate the level of access to the Internet in schools in your country? [1 = very limited; 7 = extensive] weighted average 5.07 Local availability of specialized research and training services In your country, to what extent are high-quality, specialized training services available? [1 = not available; 7 = widely available] weighted average 5.08 Extent of staff training To what extent do companies in your country invest in training and employee development? [1 = hardly at all; 7 = to a great extent] weighted average 6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy To what extent does anti-monopoly policy promote competition in your country? [1 = does not promote competition; 7 = effectively promotes competition] weighted average 6.04 Extent and effect of taxation What impact does the level of taxes in your country have on incentives to work or invest? [1 = significantly limits incentives to work or invest; 7 = has no impact on incentives to work or invest] weighted average 6.05 Total tax rate This variable is a combination of profit tax (% of profits), labor tax and contribution (% of profits), and other taxes (% of profits) 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business Number of procedures required to start a business Number of procedures required to start a business 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business Time required to start a business Number of days required to start a business 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business Agricultural policy costs How would you assess the agricultural policy in your country? [1 = excessively burdensome for the economy; 7 = balances the interests of taxpayers, consumers, and producers] weighted average 6.09 Prevalence of trade barriers In your country, to what extent do tariff and non-tariff barriers limit the ability of imported goods to compete in the domestic market? [1 = strongly limit; 7 = do not limit] weighted average 6.10 Trade tariffs Trade-weighted average tariff rate 2009 Source: International Trade Centre 6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership How prevalent is foreign ownership of companies in your country? [1 = very rare; 7 = highly prevalent] weighted average 119

8 How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles 6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI To what extent do rules governing foreign direct investment (FDI ) encourage or discourage it? [1 = strongly discourage FDI ; 7 = strongly encourage FDI ] weighted average 6.13 Burden of customs procedures How would you rate the level of efficiency of customs procedures (related to the entry and exit of merchandise) in your country? [1 = extremely inefficient; 7 = extremely efficient] weighted average 6.14 Degree of customer orientation How well do companies in your country treat customers? [1 = generally treat their customers badly; 7 = are highly responsive to customers and customer retention] weighted average 6.15 Buyer sophistication In your country, how do buyers make purchasing decisions? [1 = based solely on the lowest price; 7 = based on a sophisticated analysis of performance attributes] weighted average 7.06 Pay and productivity To what extent is pay in your country related to productivity? [1 = not related to worker productivity; 7 = strongly related to worker productivity] weighted average 7.07 Reliance on professional management In your country, who holds senior management positions? [1 = usually relatives or friends without regard to merit; 7 = mostly professional managers chosen for merit and qualifications] weighted average 7.08 Brain drain Does your country retain and attract talented people? [1 = no, the best and brightest normally leave to pursue opportunities in other countries; 7 = yes, there are many opportunities for talented people within the country] weighted average 7.09 Female participation in labor force Female-to-male participation ratio in the labor force 2008 Source: International Labour Organization, KIILM Net (retrieved June 28, 2010) Imports as a percentage of GDP Imports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2009 Sources: Economist Intelligence Unit, CountryData Database (retrieved July 1, 2010); The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 13, 2010); national sources 7th Pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations How would you characterize labor-employer relations in your country? [1 = generally confrontational; 7 = generally cooperative] weighted average 7.02 Flexibility of wage determination How are wages generally set in your country? [1 = by a centralized bargaining process; 7 = up to each individual company] weighted average 7.03 Rigidity of employment Rigidity of Employment Index on a (worst) scale 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business Hiring and firing practices How would you characterize the hiring and firing of workers in your country? [1 = impeded by regulations; 7 = flexibly determined by employers] weighted average 7.05 Redundancy costs Redundancy costs in weeks of salary 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business th Pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services To what extent does competition among providers of financial services in your country ensure the provision of financial services at affordable prices? [1 = not at all; 7 = extremely well] Affordability of financial services To what extent does competition among providers of financial services in your country ensure the provision of financial services at affordable prices? [1 = not at all; 7 = extremely well] Financing through local equity market How easy is it to raise money by issuing shares on the stock market in your country? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] weighted average 8.04 Ease of access to loans How easy is it to obtain a bank loan in your country with only a good business plan and no collateral? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] weighted average 8.05 Venture capital availability In your country, how easy is it for entrepreneurs with innovative but risky projects to find venture capital? [1 = very difficult; 7 = very easy] weighted average 8.06 Restriction on capital flows How restrictive are regulations in your country related to international capital flows? [1 = highly restrictive; 7 = not restrictive at all] weighted average

9 8.07 Soundness of banks How would you assess the soundness of banks in your country? [1 = insolvent and may require a government bailout; 7 = generally healthy with sound balance sheets] weighted average 8.08 Regulation of securities exchanges How would you assess the regulation and supervision of securities exchanges in your country? [1 = ineffective; 7 = effective] weighted average 8.09 Legal rights index Degree of legal protection of borrowers and lenders rights on a 0 10 (best) scale 2009 Source: The World Bank, Doing Business th Pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies To what extent are the latest technologies available in your country? [1 = not available; 7 = widely available] weighted average 9.02 Firm-level technology absorption To what extent do businesses in your country absorb new technology? [1 = not at all; 7 = aggressively absorb] weighted average 9.03 FDI and technology transfer To what extent does foreign direct investment (FDI ) bring new technology into your country? [1 = not at all; 7 = FDI is a key source of new technology] weighted average 9.04 Internet users Number of estimated Internet users per 100 population 2009 Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (June 2010 edition); The World Bank, Data Catalog (retrieved July 19, 2010); national sources 9.05 Broadband Internet subscriptions Number of fixed broadband Internet subscriptions per 100 population 2009 Source: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (June 2010 edition) 9.06 Internet bandwidth International Internet bandwidth (Mb/s) per 10,000 population 2007 Sources: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (June 2010 edition); national sources 10th Pillar: Market size Domestic market size index Sum of gross domestic product plus value of imports of goods and services, minus value of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1 7 (best) scale 2009 Source: Authors calculation. For more details please refer to Appendix A in Chapter 1.1 of this Report Foreign market size index Value of exports of goods and services, normalized on a 1 7 (best) scale 2009 Source: Authors calculation. For more details please refer to Appendix A in Chapter 1.1 of this Report 11th Pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity How numerous are local suppliers in your country? [1 = largely nonexistent; 7 = very numerous] weighted average Local supplier quality How would you assess the quality of local suppliers in your country? [1 = very poor; 7 = very good] weighted average State of cluster development In your country s economy, how prevalent are welldeveloped and deep clusters? [1 = nonexistent; 7 = widespread in many fields] weighted average Nature of competitive advantage What is the nature of competitive advantage of your country s companies in international markets based upon? [1 = low-cost or natural resources; 7 = unique products and processes] weighted average Value chain breadth In your country, do exporting companies have a narrow or broad presence in the value chain? [1 = narrow, primarily involved in individual steps of the value chain (e.g., resource extraction or production); 7 = broad, present across the entire value chain (i.e., do not only produce but also perform product design, marketing sales, logistics, and after-sales services)] weighted average Control of international distribution To what extent are international distribution and marketing from your country owned and controlled by domestic companies? [1 = not at all, they take place through foreign companies; 7 = extensively, they are primarily owned and controlled by domestic companies] weighted average How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles 121

10 How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles Production process sophistication In your country, how sophisticated are production processes? [1 = not at all labor-intensive methods or previous generations of process technology prevail; 7 = highly the world s best and most efficient process technology prevails] weighted average Extent of marketing In your country, to what extent do companies use sophisticated marketing tools and techniques? [1 = very little; 7 = extensively] weighted average Availability of scientists and engineers To what extent are scientists and engineers available in your country? [1 = not at all; 7 = widely available] weighted average Utility patents per million population Number of utility patents (i.e., patents for invention) granted in 2009, per million population 2009 Source: The United States Patent and Trademark Office Willingness to delegate authority In your country, how do you assess the willingness to delegate authority to subordinates? [1 = low top management controls all important decisions; 7 = high authority is mostly delegated to business unit heads and other lower-level managers] weighted average 12th Pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation In your country, how do companies obtain technology? [1 = exclusively from licensing or imitating foreign companies; 7 = by conducting formal research and pioneering their own new products and processes] weighted average Quality of scientific research institutions How would you assess the quality of scientific research institutions in your country? [1 = very poor; 7 = the best in their field internationally] weighted average Company spending on R&D To what extent do companies in your country spend on R&D? [1 = do not spend on R&D; 7 = spend heavily on R&D] weighted average University-industry collaboration in R&D To what extent do business and universities collaborate on research and development (R&D) in your country? [1 = do not collaborate at all; 7 = collaborate extensively] weighted average Government procurement of advanced technology products Do government procurement decisions foster technological innovation in your country? [1 = no, not at all; 7 = yes, extremely effectively] weighted average

11 List of Countries List of Countries Country Page Algeria 124 Angola 126 Benin 128 Botswana 130 Burkina Faso 132 Burundi 134 Cameroon 136 Cape Verde 138 Chad 140 Côte d Ivoire 142 Egypt 144 Ethiopia 146 Gambia, The 148 Ghana 150 Kenya 152 Lesotho 154 Libya 156 Madagascar 158 Malawi 160 Mali 162 Mauritania 164 Mauritius 166 Morocco 168 Mozambique 170 Namibia 172 Nigeria 174 Rwanda 176 Senegal 178 South Africa 180 Swaziland 182 Tanzania 184 Tunisia 186 Uganda 188 Zambia 190 Zimbabwe

12 Algeria Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...4,026.9 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies)...84 Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Algeria Middle East and North Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency 2 3 Algeria Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy Access to financing Corruption Inadequately educated workforce Policy instability Inadequate supply of infrastructure Poor work ethic in national labor force Foreign currency regulations Tax rates Tax regulations Crime and theft Restrictive labor regulations Government instability/coups Inflation Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

13 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Algeria 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.*...n/a...n/a 10th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

14 Angola Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...3,971.6 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Angola Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133)...n/a...n/a GCI (out of 134)...n/a...n/a Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency 2 3 Angola Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequately educated workforce Inadequate supply of infrastructure Corruption Access to financing Foreign currency regulations Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Inflation Tax regulations Policy instability Tax rates Poor public health Government instability/coups Crime and theft Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

15 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...21, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %*...n/a...n/a 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Angola 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

16 Benin Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) ,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Benin Sub-Saharan Africa Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) 128 Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Benin Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Tax regulations Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax rates Inflation Crime and theft Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Policy instability Poor public health Foreign currency regulations Restrictive labor regulations Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

17 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %*...n/a...n/a 3.05 Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...36, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Benin 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

18 Botswana Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...6,406.9 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies)...98 Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 16,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency 2 3 Botswana Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Poor work ethic in national labor force Inadequately educated workforce Inefficient government bureaucracy Access to financing Inadequate supply of infrastructure Restrictive labor regulations Inflation Corruption Crime and theft Poor public health Policy instability Tax rates Foreign currency regulations Tax regulations Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

19 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Botswana 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

20 Burkina Faso Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Burkina Faso Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Tax regulations Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax rates Restrictive labor regulations Inflation Poor work ethic in national labor force Foreign currency regulations Poor public health Crime and theft Policy instability Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

21 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %*...n/a...n/a 3.05 Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...43, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Burkina Faso 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

22 Burundi Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Burundi Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Policy instability Tax regulations Tax rates Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inefficient government bureaucracy Inflation Inadequately educated workforce Crime and theft Restrictive labor regulations Government instability/coups Foreign currency regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

23 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...27, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Burundi 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

24 Cameroon Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...1,115.3 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Cameroon Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Access to financing Tax regulations Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax rates Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Inflation Foreign currency regulations Inadequately educated workforce Crime and theft Policy instability Poor public health Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

25 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...28, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Cameroon 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

26 Cape Verde Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...3,444.7 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133)...n/a...n/a GCI (out of 134)...n/a...n/a Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Cape Verde Efficiency 2 3 Efficiency- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Inadequately educated workforce Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax regulations Tax rates Inadequate supply of infrastructure Poor work ethic in national labor force Restrictive labor regulations Crime and theft Corruption Poor public health Foreign currency regulations Inflation Policy instability Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

27 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Cape Verde 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

28 Chad Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Chad Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Chad Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Access to financing Tax regulations Tax rates Inadequate supply of infrastructure Government instability/coups Policy instability Inadequately educated workforce Inefficient government bureaucracy Crime and theft Poor work ethic in national labor force Inflation Poor public health Restrictive labor regulations Foreign currency regulations Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

29 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...39, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Chad 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

30 Côte d'ivoire Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...1,052.0 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Côte d Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Côte d Ivoire Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Government instability/coups Policy instability Tax regulations Crime and theft Tax rates Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Inflation Foreign currency regulations Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

31 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...37, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Côte d Ivoire 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

32 Egypt Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...2,450.4 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Egypt Middle East and North Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency 2 3 Egypt Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Inflation Inadequately educated workforce Tax regulations Access to financing Inefficient government bureaucracy Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Tax rates Policy instability Inadequate supply of infrastructure Crime and theft Poor public health Foreign currency regulations Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

33 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.*...< Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Egypt 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

34 Ethiopia Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Ethiopia Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Foreign currency regulations Access to financing Inflation Inefficient government bureaucracy Corruption Inadequate supply of infrastructure Tax regulations Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Tax rates Policy instability Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Crime and theft Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

35 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...15, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Ethiopia 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

36 Gambia, The Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), The Gambia Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor The Gambia Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Tax rates Poor work ethic in national labor force Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Inflation Tax regulations Policy instability Inefficient government bureaucracy Foreign currency regulations Corruption Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Crime and theft Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

37 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...28, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Gambia, The 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

38 Ghana Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Ghana Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inflation Inefficient government bureaucracy Corruption Tax rates Poor work ethic in national labor force Policy instability Tax regulations Inadequately educated workforce Crime and theft Foreign currency regulations Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

39 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...31, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Ghana 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

40 Kenya Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Kenya Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Access to financing Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequate supply of infrastructure Crime and theft Inflation Tax rates Tax regulations Policy instability Poor work ethic in national labor force Government instability/coups Restrictive labor regulations Foreign currency regulations Inadequately educated workforce Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

41 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...31, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Kenya 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

42 Lesotho Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Lesotho Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Inadequate supply of infrastructure Corruption Inefficient government bureaucracy Poor work ethic in national labor force Crime and theft Government instability/coups Restrictive labor regulations Tax rates Inflation Inadequately educated workforce Poor public health Tax regulations Policy instability Foreign currency regulations Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

43 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...(ne) Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Lesotho 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

44 Libya Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...9,529.3 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies)...53 Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 16,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Libya Middle East and North Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency 2 3 Libya Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Inefficient government bureaucracy Policy instability Inadequately educated workforce Inadequate supply of infrastructure Access to financing Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Government instability/coups Poor public health Tax regulations Foreign currency regulations Tax rates Crime and theft Inflation Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

45 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)*...n/a...n/a 2nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...(ne) Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.*...< Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %*...n/a...n/a 5th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Libya 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits*...n/a...n/a 6.06 No. procedures to start a business*...n/a...n/a 6.07 No. days to start a business*...n/a...n/a 6.08 Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty*...n/a...n/a 6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)*...n/a...n/a 7.04 Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages*...n/a...n/a 7.06 Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)*...n/a...n/a 9th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

46 Madagascar Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Madagascar Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Government instability/coups Policy instability Corruption Access to financing Crime and theft Inflation Tax regulations Inadequate supply of infrastructure Tax rates Poor work ethic in national labor force Inefficient government bureaucracy Foreign currency regulations Inadequately educated workforce Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

47 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...3, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Madagascar 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

48 Malawi Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Malawi Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Foreign currency regulations Inadequate supply of infrastructure Tax rates Tax regulations Corruption Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Crime and theft Inefficient government bureaucracy Inflation Policy instability Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

49 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...33, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Malawi 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

50 Mali Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Mali Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Mali Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Inadequate supply of infrastructure Tax regulations Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequately educated workforce Tax rates Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Foreign currency regulations Poor public health Policy instability Inflation Crime and theft Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

51 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...36, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Mali 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

52 Mauritania Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Mauritania Middle East and North Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Mauritania Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Government instability/coups Corruption Policy instability Inefficient government bureaucracy Foreign currency regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Tax regulations Restrictive labor regulations Tax rates Inflation Crime and theft Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

53 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...18, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Mauritania 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

54 Mauritius Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...6,838.1 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies)...72 Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 16,000 12,000 8,000 4,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Mauritius Efficiency 2 3 Efficiency- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Access to financing Corruption Restrictive labor regulations Inflation Crime and theft Tax regulations Foreign currency regulations Policy instability Poor public health Tax rates Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

55 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Mauritius 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

56 Morocco Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...2,864.5 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Morocco Middle East and North Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency 2 3 Morocco Economies in transition from 1 to 2 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax rates Tax regulations Inadequately educated workforce Restrictive labor regulations Inflation Poor work ethic in national labor force Crime and theft Foreign currency regulations Poor public health Policy instability Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

57 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria...n/appl Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Morocco 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

58 Mozambique Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Mozambique Efficiency 2 3 Factor- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Inefficient government bureaucracy Inflation Inadequate supply of infrastructure Foreign currency regulations Crime and theft Inadequately educated workforce Tax rates Tax regulations Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Poor public health Policy instability Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

59 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...35, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Mozambique 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

60 Namibia Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...4,542.9 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor Namibia Efficiency 2 3 Efficiency- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce Access to financing Inefficient government bureaucracy Restrictive labor regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Corruption Tax rates Inadequate supply of infrastructure Crime and theft Inflation Tax regulations Poor public health Foreign currency regulations Policy instability Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

61 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...1, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Namibia 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

62 Nigeria Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...1,141.9 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Nigeria Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Inadequate supply of infrastructure Corruption Policy instability Government instability/coups Inefficient government bureaucracy Inflation Inadequately educated workforce Crime and theft Poor work ethic in national labor force Foreign currency regulations Restrictive labor regulations Poor public health Tax regulations Tax rates Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

63 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...39, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Nigeria 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

64 Rwanda Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133)...n/a...n/a GCI (out of 134)...n/a...n/a Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Rwanda Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Tax regulations Tax rates Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Inefficient government bureaucracy Policy instability Inflation Foreign currency regulations Poor public health Corruption Crime and theft Restrictive labor regulations Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

65 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure...n/a...n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...34, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Rwanda 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

66 Senegal Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 3,000 2,000 1,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Stage of development 1 Factor Efficiency Innovation Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Senegal Factor- economies The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Tax regulations Corruption Tax rates Inadequate supply of infrastructure Inflation Restrictive labor regulations Inefficient government bureaucracy Foreign currency regulations Inadequately educated workforce Poor work ethic in national labor force Policy instability Crime and theft Poor public health Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.

67 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail 1st pillar: Institutions 1.01 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust of politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 10 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat Kms/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* National savings rate, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* Interest rate spread, %* Government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, (worst)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.01 Business impact of malaria Malaria incidence/100,000 pop.*...12, Business impact of tuberculosis Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the educational system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training Senegal 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.01 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Extent and effect of taxation Total tax rate, % profits* No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Rigidity of employment index, (worst)* Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of wages* Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Brain drain Females in labor force, ratio to males* th pillar: Financial market development 8.01 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Restriction on capital flows Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 10 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Internet users/100 pop.* Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* Internet bandwidth, Mb/s per 10,000 pop.* th pillar: Market size Domestic market size index, 1 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 1 7 (best)* th pillar: Business sophistication Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: Innovation Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers Utility patents/million pop.* Notes: An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Competitiveness Profiles on page 115.

68 South Africa Key indicators, 2009 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...5,823.6 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total Sectoral value-added (% GDP) Agriculture Industry Services Human Development Index, 2010 Score, (0 1) best Rank (out of 169 economies) Sources: UNFPA, IMF, EIU, World Bank, UNDP. 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 GDP (PPP) per capita (int'l $), South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 139) (1 7) GCI GCI (out of 133) GCI (out of 134) Basic requirements st pillar: Institutions nd pillar: Infrastructure rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment th pillar: Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers th pillar: Higher education and training th pillar: Goods market efficiency th pillar: Labor market efficiency th pillar: Financial market development th pillar: Technological readiness th pillar: Market size Innovation and sophistication factors th pillar: Business sophistication th pillar: Innovation Stage of development 1 Factor South Africa Efficiency 2 3 Efficiency- economies 3 Innovation The most problematic factors for doing business Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequately educated workforce Crime and theft Restrictive labor regulations Corruption Inadequate supply of infrastructure Poor work ethic in national labor force Access to financing Policy instability Poor public health Foreign currency regulations Inflation Tax rates Tax regulations Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.