ECN/ORBIT e.v. Odour Management Workshop 2003 Pres. No. 10 "Olfactometry - its application and limits" - Frans Vossen

Transcription

1 1 st International ECN Workshop on effective odour management in Biological Waste treatment plants OLFACTOMETRY: I T S APPLICATIONS AND IT S LIMIT S; THE EUROPEAN S TANDARD: EN By Frans Vossen (PRA OdourNet BV, The Netherlands), Subjects The European Standard for Olfactometry EN Applications of olfactometry Limits of olfactometry 1

2 Olfactometry: First reported measured odour threshold: 1886 Zwaardemaker, Haarlem, Project Research Amsterdam, 1988 OdourNet, 1999 CEN: Comité Européen de Normalisation Aim of standardisation: to reduce unwanted variability CEN standards aim to assist in creating one common economic market CEN standards are mandatory within EU member states. Hence, approval of a CEN standard prompts withdrawal of national standards Odours are within the programme of CEN Technical Committee 264 Air Quality Odours are work item since 1992: Working Group 2 Odours 2

3 National standards AFNOR, Norme Française NF X , Determination of the dilution factor at the perception threshold, December 1986 NNI, Dutch Preliminary Standard NVN2820, Sensory odour measurements using an olfactometer. The measurement of odour thresholds., March 1995 VDI Richtlinie 3881,Blatt1: Olfaktometrie Geruchsschwellenbestimmung, January 1987 Convergence through standardisation n-butanol measurement results of 8 laboratories in Germany and Holland Panel selection introduced Odour threshold of n-butanaol in ln(ppb) Reference from 20 to 40 ppb n-butanol 0.00 Dollnick 1988 NL Dec 89 NL NL Aug NL feb NL Mar June NL NKO 9401 ICO (NL labs) 3

4 Major factors determining quality of olfactometry Sample holder Olfactometer Olfactometer/nose interface Sensor = panel members Odour room & air quality Data processing method Organisation of the laboratory: QA/QC Main characteristics of CEN standard Accepted reference value for European Odour Unit: 1ou E /m 3 = 40 ppb n-butanol Both forced choice and yes/no method allowed Convergence achieved by introducing certainty criterion in forced choice Retrospective screening of panel members in each measurement flow from odour ports >20 liters/minute repeatability <3; reproducibility <4 4

5 Test results: CEN non-compliant labs True and measured value n-butanol - CEN audit-non-compliant only Measured test result True odour concentration [oue/m 3 ] Test results: CEN compliant labs True and measured value n-butanol - CEN audit-compliant only Measured test result True odour concentration [ou E/m 3 ] 5

6 History 1992: work item for CEN/TC264/WG2 Odours created 1996: International Comparison of Olfactometry 1997: 2000 discussion, translation 2001: Final version of standard in English, German and French 2001: voting starts EN accepted!! The voting has been finished by the end of The CEN standard EN13725 Odour Concentration Measurement by Dynamic Olfactometry will replace national standards in EU countries in the course of

7 Odour survey tools Olfactometry Standard method Accepted reference value Panel selection Known quality (accreditation) Direct annoyance as sessment Standardised questionnaire/methodology Field panels Standard method Selected panel members Rule of thumb: air quality criteria to avoid nuisance (1OU E =40ppb/v n-butanol) Serious nuisance: > 5 oue/m 3, 98P Usually acceptable: < 2-3 oue/m 3, 98P Acceptable: 1 oue/m 3, 98P Target new sources: <1 oue/m 3, 98P Variable sources: <5-10 oue/m 3, 99.99P 7

8 Results of dispersion modeling (in OU E/ m 3 as 98-percentile) Limits of olfactometry 8

9 Alternative for olfactometry Field measurements (by qualified panellists) Thanks for your attention! 9