Institute for Ag Professionals

Transcription

1 Institute for Ag Professionals Proceedings for the 2017 Research Update for Ag Professionals Do not reproduce or redistribute without the written consent of author(s).

2 An Update on Neonics and Pollinators Ken Ostlie Dept. of Entomology Photo by Art Schaafsma 1

3 When Do Bee Kills Occur? Ontario 2013 Compared to Corn / Soybean Planting Dates Incidents Source: Art Schaafsma from Ontario Ministry Environment data 2

4 How are Pollinators Getting Exposed to Neonics in Crop Land? Drift of Planter Exhaust! Photo by Art Schaafsma 3

5 Vacuum exhaust deflector engaged sample bags engaged exhaust deflector seed disk vacuum line vacuum intake Sampling Approach by Art Schaafsma 4 Adapted from Art Schaafsma

6 Neonics in Vacuum Planter Exhaust During Planting to 0.11 g ai/ha in planter exhaust to 7.69 % from soil dust 92 to % from seed Total = 0.01 to 0.44 % of seed-applied neonic => Source of >>92 % of neonics moving in and around corn fields = Pesticide DRIFT Source: Xue et. al (2015). Adapted from Art Schaafsma 5

7 THE PROBLEM: SEED ABRASION Two key sources: - Talc - Field Dust Slide Adapted from Art Schaafsma Corr dust neonic r=0.613 Corr dust atrazine r=0.925 Worst case 130 g/ha abrasive dust enters vacuum system 98% comes from field through intake Solution: Pre-filter followed by post filter 6

8 REDUCING NEONICS IN PLANTER EXHAUST % reduction of clothianidin ai (raw means across 7 sites) Treatment Gator samples Vacuum exhaust bags 1 Talc BAYER fluency agent (BFA) BFA with deflector 58.9 na 4 Polymer finish coating (PFC) PFC+BFA PFC+BFA with deflector 50.6 na Amount dust collected: Same treatment Different field and date Data: Schaafsma et al UGRC

9 Issue: Mitigating Seed Treatment Drift FLUENCY AGENT 50-60% Goal: Fugitive Dust 90 % DEFLECTORS 70-90% SURFACE & REDISTRIBUTION POLYMERS >80% SCRUBBING/FILTERING >>90% TARGETS: AI STAYS ON SEED ANY DUST REMOVED OR PLACED IN SOIL 130 g/ha of abrasive dust going through vacuum system 98% comes from field through intake Solution: Pre-filter followed by post filter Slide Adapted from Art Schaafsma 8

10 Goal for ALL Seed Treatment Pesticides: Reduce Exhaust Drift by >>90% 1. Pesticide applied stays on seed 2. Filter / Re-direct exhaust dust INTO soil 3. Vacuum intakes clean air (no dust) 4. Non-abrasive seed lubricants 5. Conservation tillage 9

11 Dayton s Executive Order Aug. 25, 2016 Dunbar MPR News 10

12 EXECUTIVE ORDER 16-07: CONTENT 1. MDA shall take immediate action to implement the special registration review of neonics Requiring verification of need prior to use of neonics, where appropriate; Review pesticide labels & implement restrictions, as appropriate ; Increase inspections & enforcement of label requirements for pesticides acutely toxic to pollinators; Develop pollinator stewardship materials Continue to develop & promote BMPs 11

13 EXECUTIVE ORDER 16-07: CONTENT 2. Environmental Quality Board shall convene agency leadership & Minnesotans to implement this order 3. Governor s Committee on Pollinator Protection created to advise Governor and others 4. DNR will develop an IPM strategy for public lands administered by DNR 5. BWSR shall direct work to restore/improve pollinator habitat 6. MnDOT shall manage transportation properties, etc. for pollinator habitat. 7. MPCA shall manage landfills for pollinator habitat. 8. Administration shall take measures to support pollinator health on Capitol Complex, etc. 12

14 MDA S EIGHT PROPOSED ACTION STEPS 1. Create a Treated Seed Program (Requires Legislative Action) 2. Create a Dedicated Pollinator Protection Account (Requires Legislative Action) 3. Require formal verification of need prior to use of neonicotinoid pesticides, where appropriate 4. Develop an Educational Campaign for Homeowners and Residential Users of Insecticides 5. Review Product Labels for Appropriate Use of Neonicotinoids for Homeowners and Residential Users 6. Develop Minnesota Specific Pollinator Stewardship Materials 7. Increase Use Inspections for Insecticides that are Highly Toxic to Pollinators 8. Review Label Requirements for Individual Neonicotinoid Products Source: MDA Special Registration Review of Neonicotinoid Pesticides ( 13

15 MDA PROPOSED ACTION STEPS: 1. CREATE A TREATED SEED PROGRAM Requires legislative action Treated articles meet USEPA s exemption & are not subject to USEPA or MDA pesticide regulation New program would: Provide authority to regulate seeds treated with pesticides Fund research to develop recommendations for use (May) require that seed with no or lower rates of pesticide be available 14

16 MDA PROPOSED ACTION STEPS: 3. REQUIRE FORMAL VERIFICATION OF NEED PRIOR TO USE OF NEONICOTINOIDS Farmers would be able to apply neonicotinoids when needed because of an imminent threat of significant crop loss, consistent with an IPM plan, or when a predetermined economic threshold is met. What qualifies as an imminent threat or an adequate IPM plan requires further definition for Minnesota specific conditions. Slide 1 of 3 15

17 MDA PROPOSED ACTION STEPS: 3. REQUIRE VERIFICATION OF NEED MDA will work with the U of M & other stakeholders to develop: Thresholds & acceptable IPM criteria that should be used to justify product application before final flowering for those products and crops which currently have these requirements on the label. Need-based guidance & acceptable IPM criteria for other significant crop uses of neonicotinoids.» Slide 2 of 3 16

18 3. REQUIRE FORMAL VERIFICATION OF NEED PRIOR TO USE OF NEONICOTINOIDS MDA will ensure that applications of neonicotinoids are made only when a qualified individual verifies that there is a demonstrated pest problem & there is a need for neonicotinoid use. The MDA will develop a formal process for verification of need by a trained & approved individual prior to the use of neonicotinoids on crops.» Slide 3 of 3 17

19 ENTOMOLOGY PERSPECTIVES ON NEONICS AND GOVERNOR S EXECUTIVE ORDER 1. Neonics were developed as a newer class of chemistry with improved human and environmental toxicity profiles that allowed industry to move away from older chemistries of EPA concern. 2. Because of their efficacy and improved safety / environmental profiles (sans current pollinator concerns), neonic use has become widespread in crop, vegetable and livestock production, landscape management, food and worker safety, and household protection. 3. Recent research demonstrates that neonics can affect pollinators through lethal and sub-lethal exposure that contributes to population declines. Neonic uses vary in IF and TO WHAT DEGREE pollinators are exposed. 4. We support effective pollinator conservation; the Governor s Executive Order takes a bold step in support of this goal. Because of the widespread use of neonics and breadth of stakeholders affected across rural, suburban, and urban landscapes, this order is not trivial. 18

20 ENTOMOLOGY PERSPECTIVES ON NEONICS AND GOVERNOR S EXECUTIVE ORDER (CONT.) 5. With the emphasis primarily on pollinator conservation, neonic users have been marginalized so far. Yet they will be the critical element in the success or failure of this Executive Order. 6. There will be considerable work to ensure pollinator protection while ensuring that sufficient tools remain for successful crop, livestock, landscape and health protection by growers and that any occurring or proposed changes will not adversely impact their livelihood. 7. Neonics are not used in isolation Understanding context (insect management needs, IPM knowledge, neonic use and its drivers, neonic performance from efficacy and economic perspectives, alternatives to neonics and their pros / cons) crucial to designing effective solutions. 8. The Department of Entomology stands ready to help from both pollinator conservation and stakeholder Integrated Pest Management perspectives. 19

21 U OF MN ENTOMOLOGY RESOURCES 1. Neonic expertise spread among 10 entomology faculty: Pollinators (Marla Spivak honey bees, Dan Cariveau native bees) Natural enemies (George Heimpel) Field Crops (Bob Koch - soybean, Ken Ostlie corn, Ian MacRae potato & other valley crops) Vegetables (Chris Phillips, Bill Hutchison) Urban / residential landscapes (Vera Krischik) Structural / Commercial (Stephen Kells) 20

22 U OF MN ENTOMOLOGY RESOURCES 2. Additional field entomological expertise provided by IPM specialists (Bruce Potter [SW-MN], Fritz Breitenbach [SE-MN]) and regional extension educators (Phillip Glogoza) 3. Pollinator perspective well represented in existing executive action. 4. Neonic users / IPM stakeholders caught by surprise not formally represented or consulted. Even MDA special review did not solicit systematic U of M entomological input from crops / IPM perspectives. 21

23 U OF MN ENTOMOLOGY RESPONSE 1. Faculty meeting / conference call (8/31/16) 2. Offer expertise to Governor and agencies (e.g., MDA) by CFANS / Extension administration 3. Met with MDA to get more background and provided requested information on research / educational needs 4. Compiling application site-based info neonics, IPM, thresholds 5. Provide testimony at House Ag Policy Committee meeting (9/13/16), 6. CFANS / Extension administration requested crops ad hoc IPM presence on Pollinator Committee 7. Formed Committee to conduct risk assessment 22

24 WEB RESOURCES: MN NEONIC EXEC. ORDER Dayton s Executive Order: MPR Story MDA Special Registration Review of Neonicotinoid Pesticides MDA 8 Action Steps ics/eightsteps.aspx Ontario Neonicotinoid Regulations 23

25 Thank you! Any Questions? The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this PowerPoint is available in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to