ENGINEERING MATERIALS 65 Granada Drive Pagosa Springs, CO
|
|
- Terence Jennings
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ENGINEERING MATERIALS 65 Granada Drive Pagosa Springs, CO Desalination Corrosion Study Municipal Water District of Orange County Final Report Submitted To: Richard B. Bell, PE Principal Engineer Municipal Water District of Orange County Ward Street Fountain Valley, CA Submitted By: Joseph A. King, Ph.D, P.E. Engineering Materials 65 Granada Dr Pagosa Springs, CO May 29, 2012
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Alloy 316L, 2205, 2507, AL6XN, CDA630 and CDA715 were evaluated for possible use in the Dana Point Desalination source water. Corrosion test specimens included wrought materials with autogenous weld beads and heat affected zones in the presence of a severe crevice. Specimens were tested for 3, 6, 16 and 22 months. At the end of each exposure period, the specimens were examined optically, with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, monitored for weight loss and pitting/crevice corrosion. The results are summarized below. Alloys CDA715 and CDA630 were aggressively attacked by the source water. These alloys exhibited extensive pitting, general corrosion and significant weight loss. These alloys are not be suitable for use in this desalination environment. Alloy 2205 experienced crevice attack on the weld and heat affected zones. No localized attack was noted in the base material. The crevice attack appeared to worsen over the test duration. Therefore, welded 2205 is not recommended for the desalination environment. Alloy 316L exhibited crevice attack in the parent metal, heat affected zone and on the weld. The crevice attack in this alloy after 22 months was the same as at 3 months. This suggests that either the water chemistry changed and/or the material repassivated after 3 months exposure. Caution should be exercised in using Alloy 316L in this desalination environment. Alloys AL6XN and 2507 were largely immune to pitting and crevice attack and demonstrated no general corrosion. These alloys are acceptable for use in the desalination environment. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 2
3 INTRODUCTION The Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) wishes to exercise due diligence in the design and construction of water desalination facilities. The equipment in these facilities is exposed to water compositions that can produce premature failure due to aggressive corrosive attack. To this end, MWDOC sponsored field testing of various materials which could be used in construction of future installations. A request was issued to provide metallurgical assistance in the selection, exposure and evaluation of field test coupons. This report documents the extent of corrosion after 3,6, 16 and 22 months exposure. The following materials were tested. 316L 70Cu-30Ni (CDA715) 2507 duplex stainless 2205 duplex stainless Ni-Al-Bronze alloy (CDA630) AL6XN Samples were purchased and prepared in accordance with ASTM D2688 Standard Test Methods for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method). An autogenous weld bead was included on all samples. A typical specimen is presented in Figure 1, below. Figure 1 Typical specimen The specimens were not passivated. All materials were in the fully annealed condition except for the metallurgical changes produced by the autogenous weld bead. A crevice corrosion test fixture described in ASTM G78 was included with all specimens. The crevice corrosion fixture was mounted across the weld bead. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 3
4 A view of the test manifold is presented in Figure 2. Six sample tubes were available for environmental exposure. Figure 2 Test manifold All of one sample type was placed in a single tube to prevent potential cross contamination. A total of 15 samples were placed in each tube. The specimens were stacked in rows of 3 at 5 locations inside the sample chambers. Serial number 16 of all of the material types was set aside to provide a comparison group. A view of one such sample stack is shown in the Figure 3, below. Figure 3 Sample stack ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 4
5 The sample exposure schedule is shown below. May 10, 2010 Samples loaded June 3, 2010 Source water flow began September 27, 2010 First sample set removed December 6, 2010 Second samples set removed October 17, 2011 Third sample set removed April 6, 2012 Fourth and fifth sample sets removed 1 Examination included photo documentation, photomicroscopy, SEM/EDS analysis, weight loss measurements, and pitting/crevice/metallurgical analysis. Data for all specimens is presented in the attached appendices. Typical data is presented below. 1 The fifth sample set was used for microbiological studies. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 5
6 Photographic Documentation EXAMINATION AND RESULTS Photographs were taken before and after cleaning. Typical photographs for CDA630 specimens taken prior to cleaning are shown in Table 1. Table 1. CDA630 specimens after different exposure times prior to cleaning--an unexposed specimen is included in each photograph for comparison 3 Months 6 Months Photomicroscopy 16 Months 22 Months Photomicrographs were taken at 10x and 50x. A photomicrograph of the control specimen is shown with each sample group for comparison. 10X and 50X photomicrographs for CDA 630 specimens are presented in Tables 2 and 3, below. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 6
7 Table 2. 10X photomicrographs of CDA630 specimens after various exposure times and before cleaning No Exposure 3 Months 6 Months 16 Months 22 Months ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 7
8 Table 3. 50X photomicrographs of CDA630 specimens at various exposure times and prior to cleaning No Exposure 3 Months 6 Months 16 Months 22 Months ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 8
9 Scanning Electron Microscopy Selected specimens were examined and photographed using scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron micrographs for CDA630 specimens are presented in Table 4 below. Table 4. SEM micrographs for CDA630 specimens No Exposure 3 Months 6 Months 16 Months 22 Months ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 9
10 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy The elements present on selected areas of selected samples were determined using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The results of an unexposed specimen and the specimen after 22 months exposure for CDA630 specimens are presented below. EDS analysis was done prior to cleaning. Figure 2 EDS results for unexposed CDA630 specimen Figure 3 EDS results for CDA630 specimen after 22 months exposure ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 10
11 Weight Loss All specimens were first cleaned in an ultrasonically agitated acetone bath for two minutes. The 316L 2205, 2507 and AL6XN stainless steel specimens were then placed in an ultrasonically agitated solution of 100ml HNO 3, 20ml HF and 880ml H 2 O for two minutes. The specimens were then immediately rinsed for two minutes in a refresh rinse bath. A similar procedure was used for the CDA630 and CDA715 specimens except that a 10% solution of sulfuric acid was used as the primary cleaning solution. Percent weight loss was averaged over three specimens in comparison to their original weights. Statistically significant weight loss was only observed in the copper alloys CDA715 and CDA630. The summary data for is presented in Table 5, below. Table 5. Summary of weight losses for all samples ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 11
12 Localized Corrosion: Pitting and Crevice Attack Pitting analysis was performed using a slight modification of ASTM G46. Specimens were systematically reviewed by subdividing the surface area into 50 square blocks. The specimens were then examined at 20X and rated per the charts presented in ASTM G46. Table 6 summarizes the ratings for the alloys after 6 months. In some cases, the presence of the crevice washers led to localized attack that was difficult to separate from pitting attack. The crevice corrosion is listed as such in Table 6 but is still rated in frequency and severity per ASTM G46 Table 6 Localized corrosion ratings for all alloys after 6 months exposure Alloy 316L Parent Material Heat Affected Zone Crevice Attack Crevice Attack A1, B5* A1, B5 Weld Crevice attack A1, B No attack No attack Crevice attack A1, B No attack No attack No attack AL6XN No attack No attack No attack Al Bronze 70Cu/30Ni *Frequency, Severity Pitting & Crevice A3, B1 Blotchy General Corrosion Pitting & Crevice A3, B3 Blotchy General Corrosion Pitting & Crevice A2, B2 Pitting: A-3, B-3 General Corrosion The localized corrosion ratings did not change significantly for longer exposure times so additional ratings were not recorded. Instead, the worst case pitting/crevice attack was examined for each material type. The results for CDA630 are presented in Table 7, below. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 12
13 Table 7. Metallurgical evaluation of the worst case pitting/crevice attack for CDA630 ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 13
14 Optical evaluation DISCUSSION Visual examination clearly demonstrates that the copper based CDA alloys are not suitable for this application. Extensive localized and general corrosion were noted on all specimens. Significant localized attack was observed on the weld bead and in the heat affected zones on Alloy This attack worsened over time. Localized attack was noted on the weld bead, heat affected zone and parent material of the 316L material. However, this localized attack did not worsen after 3 months. No evidence of corrosion was noted on any parts of the 2507 or AL6XN materials. Weight loss Weight loss measurements are consistent with the results from visual examination. Significant weight loss was measured in the CDA alloys. The weight changes measured for the other alloys were within experimental error. The minimum detectable corrosion rate in this study can be calculated from the following formula: 2 where: Corrosion Rate (mils per year) = 22.3 W/(d a t) W = weight loss, mg ( 2 mg accuracy) d = density of the metal, g/cm 3, (8.0 g/cm 3 ) a = exposed area of coupon, in 2, (3.343 in 2 ) t = time, days (668 days) With the values shown above, the minimum detectable general corrosion rate for this study is determined to be mils per year. The corrosion rate for the iron base alloys in this study is less than this value. SEM/EDS Scanning electron micrographs show significant contamination build-up on the specimens. The EDS analysis identified the chemical composition of the contamination. Na, & Cl were detected on all samples. This is consistent with exposure to natural seawater. Increased amounts of Ca, Mg, Si, and O were found when the analysis field included particulates. These particulates are most probably sand particles deposited on the surface. Large amounts of sulfur were detected in multiple regions on selected specimens. Fe contamination was also present but it can only be judged as contamination when analyzing the Cu-based samples. 2 ASTM D2688, Equation 1. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 14
15 Sulfur was detected on all samples after all exposure conditions. The sulfur peak overlaps the Molybdenum peak in the EDS spectra so the amount of sulfur present in the Mo bearing alloys is difficult to quantify. This is not the case for the CDA alloys. The presence of sulfur could be indicative microbiological induced corrosion activity. It is noted that the amount of sulfur on the CDA715 samples decreased dramatically in the interval between 3 and 6 months of exposure time. Predicting Alloy Performance The pitting and crevice corrosion resistance is sometimes reported as the Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number or PRE. This number is sometimes calculated from the following formula. PRE = % Cr x %Mo + 16 x %N The PRE values for the alloys examined here are presented in Table 8. Table 8. PRE values for the alloys tested in this study %Cr %Mo %N PRE 316L AL6XN The rank performance of the alloys examined in this study are consistent with the calculated PRE's. This number can be used to judge the performance of other alloys considered for use in this desalination environment. Disclaimer It is important to note that these specimens were tested in source water. The return water would have higher Cl - concentration. Different results would be expected if these alloys were tested in the return water. Also, due to the low temperatures involved, the stress corrosion resistance of these alloys was not investigated. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 15
16 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMENDATIONS 1. The copper base alloys, CDA630 nor CDA715 are not suitable for this desalination application. Both of these alloys experienced severe pitting, crevice corrosion and general corrosion after just 3 month exposure L and 2205 are marginal for this application. Alloy 2205 experienced crevice attack on the weld and the heat affected zone. This localized attack increased with time. The 316L material experienced crevice attack that appeared to get no worse after 3 months exposure. 3. No corrosive attack was noted on the 2507 or AL6XN alloys. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Page 16
STAINLESS STEEL SELECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION EQUIPMENT
STAINLESS STEEL SELECTION FOR FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION EQUIPMENT Gary M. Carinci William A. Pratt Outokumpu Stainless 3209 McKnight East Drive Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15237 gcarinci@tmr-inc.com Abstract
More informationWest Basin s Ocean Water Desalination Intake Biofouling and Corrosion Study
West Basin s Ocean Water Desalination Intake Biofouling and Corrosion Study Metropolitan Water District Foundational Action Funding Program Diane Gatza, Desalination Project Manager February 23 rd, 2017
More informationATI 2205 ATI Technical Data Sheet. Duplex Stainless Steel GENERAL PROPERTIES. (UNS S31803 and S32205)
ATI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel (UNS S31803 and S32205) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI 2205 alloy (UNS S31803 and/or S32205) is a nitrogen-enhanced duplex stainless steel alloy. The nitrogen serves to significantly
More informationDATA SHEET ZERON 100 UNS S32760 THE GLOBAL LEADER IN SPECIALTY ALLOYS ALLOYS AND PROCESSING
DATA SHEET ZERON 100 UNS S32760 THE GLOBAL LEADER IN SPECIALTY ALLOYS ALLOYS AND PROCESSING ZERON 100 Data Sheet Contents Specifications, Chemical Composition, Applications and Features...2 Performance
More informationDATA SHEET ZERON 100 UNS S32760 THE GLOBAL LEADER IN SPECIALTY ALLOYS
DATA SHEET ZERON 100 UNS S32760 THE GLOBAL LEADER IN SPECIALTY ALLOYS corrosion resistant alloys ZERON 100 Data Sheet Contents Specifications, Chemical Composition, Applications and Features...2 Performance
More informationFactors Influencing Materials Selection in Condensing Economizers
Materials Selection for Condensing Economizers Gary M. Carinci, Ph.D. Outokumpu Stainless Outokumpu Stainless Factors Influencing Materials Selection in Condensing Economizers Temperature ph control Sulfur
More informationA REVIEW OF EXPERIENCES WITH AL-6XN AND ZERON 100 IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT. *Devin M. Wachowiak and Jason D. Wilson
A REVIEW OF EXPERIENCES WITH AL-6XN AND ZERON 100 IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT *Devin M. Wachowiak and Jason D. Wilson Rolled Alloys 125 West Sterns Road Temperance, MI 48182 USA (*Corresponding
More informationMATERIAL TESTING AND CORROSION EXPERIENCE IN CRUDE UPGRADER ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION UNIT
MATERIAL TESTING AND CORROSION EXPERIENCE IN CRUDE UPGRADER ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION UNIT Tore Arnesen 1, María Specht 2, Henry Tovar 2, Erik Rodriguez 2 Statoil, Research Center, Norway 1 PDVSA Intevep,
More informationHastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200)
Hastelloy C-2000 (UNS N06200) Hastelloy C-2000 is a versatile alloy that provides high resistance to variety of chemicals including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and other strong acidic media. It offers
More informationATI ATI 2205 Alloy (UNS S31803 and S32205) Duplex Stainless Steel. Technical Data Sheet
Alloy (UNS S31803 and S32205) Duplex Stainless Steel GENERAL PROPERTIES alloy (UNS S31803 and/or S32205) is a nitrogenenhanced duplex stainless steel alloy. The nitrogen serves to significantly improve
More informationby David Crowe and Randy Nixon Corrosion Probe, Inc.
by David Crowe and Randy Nixon Corrosion Probe, Inc. Introduction to Stainless Steels Austenitic 300 Series 304/304L and 316/316L Are Most Common Face-Centered Cubic Arrangement of Atoms We Call This Microstructure
More informationSANICRO 29 FOR OCTG TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS
SANICRO 29 FOR OCTG TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS DATASHEET Sanicro 29 is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel (CRA) for OCTG downhole applications in particularly corrosive conditions. The grade is characterized
More informationLocalized Corrosion of a 7075 Aluminum Alloy Exposed to KCl
Localized Corrosion of a 7075 Aluminum Alloy Exposed to KCl Christopher F. Mallinson Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences The Surface Analysis Laboratory Monday, 20 April 2015 1 Outline Introduction
More informationCrack Initiation and Crack Propagation of Pre-corroded Ni-16Cr Alloy in 4.5%NaCl Aqueous Solution
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-issn: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719 Vol. 3, Issue 8 (August. 2013), V2 PP 11-15 Crack Initiation and Crack Propagation of Pre-corroded Ni-16Cr Alloy in 4.5%NaCl Aqueous
More informationAccelerated Crevice Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels in Wet Limestone FGD Environments. Deba Maitra, Special Metals Corporation PCC Energy Group
Accelerated Crevice Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels in Wet Limestone FGD Environments Deba Maitra, Special Metals Corporation PCC Energy Group Outline General comments on alloy crevice corrosion and
More informationEffect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural Characteristics of 15-5 Ph Steel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 1 (November 2013), PP. 22-26 Effect of Precipitation Hardening on Microstructural
More informationAL 29-4C AL 29-4C. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Superferritic INTRODUCTION (UNS S44735)
AL 29-4C Stainless Steel: Superferritic (UNS S44735) INTRODUCTION AL 29-4C alloy, is a superferritic stainless steel developed by ATI in the early 1980s specifically for power plant surface condenser tubing.
More informationAnnex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH Annex to the Accreditation Certificate D-PL-11325-01-00 according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Period of validity: 23.01.2017 to 22.01.2022 Holder of certificate: INDUSTRIE-LABOR
More informationRAPID MACROCELL TESTS OF ENDURAMET 2304 STAINLESS STEEL BARS
RAPID MACROCELL TESTS OF ENDURAMET 2304 STAINLESS STEEL BARS By W. Joseph Sturgeon Matthew O Reilly David Darwin JoAnn Browning A Report on Research Sponsored by TALLEY METALS Structural Engineering and
More informationHigh-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a New Ni-Cr-Mo-Si Alloy
High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a New Ni-Cr-Mo-Si B. A. Baker and G. D. Smith Special Metals Corp. 32 Riverside Drive Huntington, WV 2575 B. A. Pint and L. R. Walker Oak Ridge National Laboratory
More informationMICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION ANALYSIS ON CARBON STEEL COUPONS
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series B, Vol. 80, Iss. 4, 2018 ISSN 1454-2331 MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION ANALYSIS ON CARBON STEEL COUPONS Mădălina ANDREI 1, Brânduşa GHIBAN 2 The paper is focused on investigating
More informationProtection Effectiveness of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor VpCI 619 for Corrosion Under Insulation at Elevated Temperatures
VpCI 619 Protection Effectiveness of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor VpCI 619 for Corrosion Under Insulation at Elevated Temperatures For: CORTEC Corporation by Behzad Bavarian, California State University,
More informationNITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL. Excellent Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance. Improved Welding Characteristics
NITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Excellent Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance High Strength Improved Welding Characteristics Resists Sigma Phase Formation
More informationSANDVIK 5R60 FOR WIRELINES WIRE
SANDVIK 5R60 FOR WIRELINES WIRE DATASHEET Sandvik 5R60 is an austenitic stainless steel alloy suitable for service in less severe oil and gas wells. The grade is characterized by: Good resistance to general
More informationNITRONIC 19D LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
Chemical Processing Desalination/Water Treatment Oil Field Undersea Tubing AK STEEL NITRONIC 19D STAINLESS STEEL is a molybdenum-free, low nickel lean duplex stainless steel. The combination of strength,
More informationInsititue of Paper Science and Technology Central Files CORROSION CONTROL ANNUAL RESEARCH REVIEW HANDOUT BOOK
Insititue of Paper Science and Technology Central Files CORROSION CONTROL ANNUAL RESEARCH REVIEW HANDOUT BOOK J CORROSION CONTROL HANDOUT BOOK April 2, 1991 CONTENTS PROJECT 3309 FUNDAMENTALS OF CORROSION
More informationA Comparison of Corrosion Behavior of a Super Duplex Stainless Steel and an Austenitic Stainless Steel in a Molten Sn 3.0Ag 0.5Cu Lead-Free Solder
Materials Transactions, Vol. 53, No. 6 (2012) pp. 1148 to 1153 2012 The Japan Institute of Metals A Comparison of Corrosion Behavior of a Super Duplex Stainless Steel and an Austenitic Stainless Steel
More informationIndustry news. Recent findings on pitting and crevice corrosion: comparing SAF 2707 HD
Recent findings on pitting and crevice corrosion: comparing SAF 2707 HD a cura di: Alessandra Spaghetti alessandra.spaghetti@sandvik.com - Sandvik Materials Technology INTRODUCTION Hyper-duplex is a grade
More informationSpecial Alloys and Overmatching Welding Products Solve FGD Corrosion Problems
Special Alloys and Overmatching Welding Products Solve FGD Corrosion Problems J. R. Crum. L. E. Shoemaker Special s Corporation 3200 Riverside Drive Huntington, WV 25705-1771 and S. D. Kiser, P.E. Special
More informationEFFECT OF COUPON ORIENTATION ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY COUPONS IN THE SPENT FUEL STORAGE SECTION OF THE IEA-R1 RESEARCH REACTOR
EFFECT OF COUPON ORIENTATION ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY COUPONS IN THE SPENT FUEL STORAGE SECTION OF THE IEA-R1 RESEARCH REACTOR O.V.Correa, R.M.Lobo, S.M.C.Fernandes, G.Marcondes and L.V.Ramanathan
More informationForensic testing revealed the mechanism of under-deposit corrosion in exchanger tubes, a problem solved by replacement with hyper-duplex steel
Overcoming the effects of ammonia in heat exchangers Forensic testing revealed the mechanism of under-deposit corrosion in exchanger tubes, a problem solved by replacement with hyper-duplex steel Marcelo
More informationASTM Standards B127 B160 B161 B162 B163 B164 B165 B166 B167 B168 B333 B335 B407 B408 B409 B423
ASTM Standards : B127 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, B160 Specification for Nickel Rod and Bar B161 Specification for Nickel Seamless Pipe and Tube B162 Specification
More informationA Study on the Corrosion Characteristics of Welded Stainless Steels Used in the Fabrication of Brine Circulating Pumps
A Study on the Corrosion Characteristics of Welded Stainless Steels Used in the Fabrication of Brine Circulating Pumps A. I. AlGobouri 1, O. A. Abuzeid 2, M. Abou Zour 3, Basel Alsayyed 4 1 Intertek, P.O.
More informationSANDVIK SPRINGFLEX STRIP STEEL
SANDVIK SPRINGFLEX STRIP STEEL DATASHEET Sandvik Springflex is a duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless spring steel with very good spring properties and excellent corrosion resistance. Sandvik Springflex
More informationANALYSIS OF A CRACKED HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE
Steel Image Inc., Failure Analysis and Metallography 7 Innovation Drive, Suite 155, Flamborough Ontario, Canada, L9H 7H9, (289) 895-8363 ANALYSIS OF A CRACKED HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE EXAMPLE REPORT OVERVIEW
More informationSTAINLESS STEEL DATASHEETS
STAINLESS STEEL DATASHEETS Alloys: 304 304L 310 316 316L 316LN 316Ti 316LVM 6Mo 21-6-9 22-13-5 904L Alloys 304 / 304L Alloys 304 / 304L (UNS S30400 / S30403) Alloys 304 (S30400) and 304L (S30403) stainless
More informationFinal Technical Report. Optimization of Heat Treatments on Stainless Steel Castings for. Improved Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties
Final Technical Report Optimization of Heat Treatments on Stainless Steel Castings for Improved Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties DOE Award No: DE-FC36-04GO14230 November 1, 2004 June 1, 2012
More informationfamily of stainless steels can be divided into five (5) categories:
Welcome to the fifth issue of Tech Talk. This newsletter covers a range of topics on various welding products, applications, metallurgy, techniques, and economics. Previous issues are archived at www.unibraze.com.
More informationIPC TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES NUMBER 74 LOCALIZED CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEELS IN PAPER MACHINE WHITE WATER DAVID F. BOWERS FEBRUARY, 1979
THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY, APPLETON, WISCONSIN IPC TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES NUMBER 74 LOCALIZED CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEELS IN PAPER MACHINE WHITE WATER DAVID F. BOWERS FEBRUARY, 1979 N.A.C.E. Corrosion/79
More informationStandard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels 1
Designation: A 923 03 www.tubingchina.com Standard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF CORRODED TUBING UNDER CO 2 ENVIRONMENT
CHARACTERIZATION OF CORRODED TBING NDER CO 2 ENVIRONMENT Juan Carlos González 1, Giuseppe Cumino 1, Renato Spelgatti 1 Teresa Pérez 2 1 DALMINE SPA ( Dalmine BG Italy ) 2 Center for Industrial Research
More informationProduct Test Report. PTR-3074 Swagelok Company. Rev. B Solon Road January 2015 Solon, Ohio U.S.A. Page 1 of 5
Solon, Ohio 44139 U.S.A. Page 1 of 5 TITLE Resistance of SAF 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel to Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking PRODUCT TESTED Test samples were machined from Sandvik SAF 2507 solution-annealed
More informationSpecial Metals Co., 3200 Riverside Dr., Huntington, WV U.S.A.
A Comparison of the Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys and : An Aid for Specifying the Most Cost Effective Materials for Demanding Applications (Revision 2, August 30, 2005) While commercially pure
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK 6 Finchwell Close Contact: Mr M Collier Handsworth Tel: +44 (0)114-2437271 Sheffield Fax: +44 (0)114-2437288 South Yorkshire E-Mail: office@metalstechnology.co.uk
More informationElectrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Tubing Alloys in Simulated Space Shuttle Launch Pad Conditions
Volume 6 Paper C013 Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Tubing Alloys in Simulated Space Shuttle Launch Pad Conditions L. M. Calle 1, R.D. Vinje 2, and L.G. MacDowell 1 1 NASA, Mail Code YA-F2-T, Kennedy
More informationServices SAMPLE SUMMARY REPORT DR. PUMP, LLC Isuzu Rodeo. Atlanta, GA 05/24/2007
SAMPLE SUMMARY REPORT 7 Portage Trail 8.48.R 7 E A L 5.6.7 Fax:.6.7 44. 57 Report Date: 5/4/7 Primay Contact: Dr. Lev Nelik, PhD 977 Four Oaks Drive 6-75 Secondary Contact: None Provided Voice: None Provided
More informationMicrostructural Analysis of Selected Corroded Materials from Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry
American Journal of Materials Science: 2011; 1(2): 108-112 DOI: 10.5923/j.materials.20110102.18 Microstructural Analysis of Selected Corroded Materials from Nigeria Oil and Gas Industry Ajide *, Makinde,
More informationCONTENTS. Foreword... xi Statements of Policy... xv Personnel... xvii Summary of Changes... xxvii
CONTENTS Foreword... xi Statements of Policy... xv Personnel... xvii Summary of Changes... xxvii SUBPART 1 STRESS TABLES... 1 Statement of Policy on Information Provided in the Stress Tables... 1 Guideline
More informationW ater T alk. Field Corrosion Testing using Coupons
W ater T alk Field Corrosion Testing using Coupons Volume 12, Issue 1 April 2012 Most Cooling Water systems are continuously in use. Therefore it is rare to have access to inspect the actual system to
More informationStainless Steel (17/4PH&630) Bar
SPECIFICATIONS Commercial 17/4 PH EN 1.4542 Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium and nickel containing steels that provide an optimum combination of the properties of martensitic and austenitic
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK 6 Finchwell Close Contact: Mr M Collier Handsworth Tel: +44 (0)114-2437271 Sheffield Fax: +44 (0)114-2437288 South Yorkshire E-Mail: office@metalstechnology.co.uk
More informationATI 332Mo. ATI 332Mo. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Austenitic GENERAL PROPERTIES COMPOSITION PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (UNS S35125)
ATI 332Mo Stainless Steel: Austenitic (UNS S35125) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI s ATI 332Mo alloy is an austenitic stainless steel intended primarily as an economical material for automotive flexible connectors.
More informationStainless Steel Bar
SPECIFICATIONS Commercial 17/4 PH EN 1.4542 Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium and nickel containing steels that provide an optimum combination of the properties of martensitic and austenitic
More informationSANDVIK SPRINGFLEX STRIP STEEL
SANDVIK SPRINGFLEX STRIP STEEL DATASHEET Sandvik Springflex is a duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless spring steel with very good spring properties and excellent corrosion resistance. Sandvik Springflex
More informationATI Nb. ATI Nb. Technical Data Sheet. Stainless Steel: Austenitic GENERAL PROPERTIES SPECIFICATION COVERAGE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
ATI 20-25+Nb Stainless Steel: Austenitic (UNS S35140) GENERAL PROPERTIES ATI 20-25+Nb alloy is an austenitic stainless steel intended primarily for elevated temperature service. This alloy fills a performance
More informationHigh-performance age hardenable nickel alloys solve problems in sour oil & gas service
High-performance age hardenable nickel alloys solve problems in sour oil & gas service As oil & gas exploration increasingly expands its frontiers towards the use of wells in deepwater where highly corrosive
More informationReview of reactor containment building corrosion events and prediction corrosion rates
Review of reactor containment building corrosion events and prediction corrosion rates Andrew Ruminski Westinghouse Electric Company Materials Center of Excellence Churchill 1 Operating Experience Non-uniform,
More informationFAILURE ANALYSIS OF TORN HINGES
Steel Image Inc. Failure Analysis and Metallography 7 Innovation Dr. Suite 155, Flamborough, ON, L9H 7H9 understand@steelimage.ca, (905) 745-6429 FAILURE ANALYSIS OF TORN HINGES EXAMPLE REPORT OVERVIEW
More informationNickel & Stainless Steel. Product Range
Nickel & Stainless Steel Product Range General Index ITEM BRAND SIZE Inconel 600 Inconel 601 Inconel alloy Inconel 625 Inconel 718 Monel 400 Monel alloy Monel K500 Nickel 52 Nickel alloy Nickel 200 Nickel
More informationWhy wait until catastrophe strikes? Prevent the Chain Reaction of Equipment Wear, Maximize Heat Transfer, Protect Equipment Life
Why wait until catastrophe strikes? Prevent the Chain Reaction of Equipment Wear, Maximize Heat Transfer, Protect Equipment Life IAS has pioneered and utilizes a new generation high-velocity, chemical
More informationSensitization & Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 & 316
Sensitization & Corrosion Behaviour of Austenitic Stainless Steel 304 & 316 Manish Kumar Verma Mechanical, Columbia Institute of Engineering & Technology, Raipur (India) ABSTRACT Austenitic Stainless steels
More informationHigh Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Flake and Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons
Oxid Met (2011) 76:161 168 DOI 10.1007/s11085-011-9244-8 ORIGINAL PAPER High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Flake and Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons Meng-Bin Lin Chaur-Jeng Wang Alex A. Volinsky Received:
More informationSEASTROM Manufacturing Co., Inc Seastrom Street Twin Falls, Idaho Fax (208)
MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS - METAL Aluminum 2024 Aircraft Grade 1/3 the weight of steel Heat treat to increase hardness Good electrical conductivity (30% of copper) Good heat conductivity (70 btu/hr/ft²/
More informationCURRENT METHODOLOGIES & CHEMISTRIES UTILIZED IN EFFECTIVE PASSIVATION PROCEDURES
CURRENT METHODOLOGIES & CHEMISTRIES UTILIZED IN EFFECTIVE PASSIVATION PROCEDURES by Daryl Roll Pharmaceutical Division Manager Astro Pak Corporation INTRODUCTION TO PASSIVATION THEORY Chemical cleaning
More informationThink Simulation! Adventures in Electrolytes. Corrosion Simulation. October 17, 2012
Think Simulation! Adventures in Electrolytes Corrosion Simulation October 17, 2012 OLI Simulation Conference 2012 Scope Review of corrosion simulation models Progress in modeling general corrosion: Cu-Ni
More informationCHAPTER-4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS. 4.1 SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR CC GTAW & PC GTAW OF 90/10 & 70/30 Cu-Ni ALLOY WELDS
CHAPTER-4 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 4.1 SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR CC GTAW & PC GTAW OF 90/10 & 70/30 Cu-Ni ALLOY WELDS Hot rolled plates of 90/10 and 70/30 Cu-Ni alloys of 5 mm thickness were selected as test
More informationOvermatching Superalloy Consumable Inco-weld 686CPT Broadens its Applications to Include Welding Super Austenitic and Super Duplex Stainless Steels
Overmatching Superalloy Consumable Inco-weld 686CPT Broadens its Applications to Include Welding Super Austenitic and Super Duplex Stainless Steels P0468 Authors: Ph.D C. Thornton, B.Sc C. Cooper Special
More informationElectron Beam Melted (EBM) Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implant Applications Abstract Introduction The Electron Beam Melting Process
Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Co-Cr-Mo Alloy for Orthopaedic Implant Applications R.S. Kircher, A.M. Christensen, K.W. Wurth Medical Modeling, Inc., Golden, CO 80401 Abstract The Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
More informationStainless Steel (17/4PH&630) Bar
SPECIFICATIONS Commercial 17/4 PH EN 1.4542 Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium and nickel containing steels that provide an optimum combination of the properties of martensitic and austenitic
More informationSurface Composition Analysis of a Degraded Copper Plate and Scrapings from The Inner Surface of An SRF Coupler
Surface Composition Analysis of a Degraded Copper Plate and Scrapings from The Inner Surface of An SRF Coupler Abstract: Andy T. Wu, K. Wilson, M. Wiseman, and I. Campisi Measurements have been undertaken
More informationHASTELLOY ALLOYS: SOLUTIONS TO SEVERE WET FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION ENVIRONMENTS
HASTELLOY ALLOYS: SOLUTIONS TO SEVERE WET FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION ENVIRONMENTS H. J. White Haynes International 1020 West Park A venue Kokomo, Indiana 46904-9013 HASTELLOY ALLOYS: SOLUTIONS TO SEVERE
More informationStainless Steel (17/4PH&630) Bar
SPECIFICATIONS Commercial 17/4 PH EN 1.4542 Precipitation hardening stainless steels are chromium and nickel containing steels that provide an optimum combination of the properties of martensitic and austenitic
More informationMetallurgical Properties Influencing Corrosion
Lecture 38 Metallurgical Properties Influencing Corrosion Keywords: Metallurgical Properties, Intergranular Corrosion, Hydrogen Embrittlement, Iron Pillar Metallurgical properties and structure influence
More informationPAGE 1/6 ZAPP PRECISION WIRE INCOLOY ALLOY 27-7MO (UNS S31277)
ZAPP PRECISION WIRE INCOLOY ALLOY (UNS S31277) QUALITY SYSTEM CERTIFIED TO ISO 9001:2008 INCOLOY ALLOY (UNS S31277) WIRE FOR: _ Armoring applications on electromechanical cables _ Wirelines for down hole
More informationATI FLAT ROLLED PRODUCTS Brackenridge, PA for technical competence in the field of
A2LA has accredited Brackenridge, PA for technical competence in the field of Mechanical Testing This laboratory is accredited in accordance with the recognized International Standard ISO/IEC 17025:2005
More informationArcos Has You Covered
Arcos is the company with the reputation and experience you can rely on for a comprehensive line of superior quality bare and covered electrodes for high nickel alloys. Our wide selection of high nickel
More informationRely on our material competence for your demanding industrial processes
Cast materials Rely on our material competence for your demanding industrial processes Our customer-focused R&D and continuous research on new material options enable us to develop equipment with a strong
More informationCORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF 25Cr SUPER DUPLEX IN HIGH SULPHATE ENVIRONMENT
CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF 25Cr SUPER DUPLEX IN HIGH SULPHATE ENVIRONMENT A. Ismail Department of Materials and Design Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein
More informationStudy of the Effectiveness of the TIG Brush Process at Cleaning and Passivating an Autogeneous TIG Weld on 316L TWI Report 23027/1/13-2 Introduction
Study of the Effectiveness of the TIG Brush Process at Cleaning and Passivating an Autogeneous TIG Weld on 316L TWI Report 23027/1/13-2 1 Introduction Stainless steel products are adversely affected by
More informationGlobal Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management
DIFFUSION BONDING OF AL ALLOY USING DIFFERENT IINTERLAYERS Assist. Prof. Dr. Ahmed A. Akbar*, Samer K. Khaleel * Asst. Prof. Dr. at University of Technology, Production Engineering and Metallurgy, Iraq
More informationChlorimet 2 and 3. DC2 and DC3. Bulletin A/3k
Chlorimet 2 and 3 DC2 and DC3 Bulletin A/3k DC2 & DC3 Introduction Chlorimet 2 Chlorimet 2 and Chlorimet 3 are Flowserve developed Mo-Ni and Cr-Mo-Ni alloys that have been in use since the early 1950s.
More informationTechnical Service Report
Technical Service Report Customer: Ensitech Location: Old Bathurst Rd., Emu Heights, NSW Reported by: Simon Lewer Control number: GIE-E-009 Date: 24 th November 2009 Work Requested: SEM of 316 stainless
More informationSANDVIK 254 SMO TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS
SANDVIK 254 SMO TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS DATASHEET Sandvik 254 SMO is a high-alloy austenitic stainless steel developed for use in seawater and other aggressive chloride-bearing media. The steel is characterized
More informationDiffusion Coatings for Corrosion Resistant Components in Coal Gasification Systems
Technical Progress Report January 2005 Diffusion Coatings for Corrosion Resistant Components in Coal Gasification Systems Quarterly Technical Progress Report 4 Covering the period April 1, 2004 through
More informationSelection and use of stainless steels in water systems
Selection and use of stainless steels in water systems PierreJean Cunat, EuroInox, Brussels 1. Background Stainless Steel is being used for water treatment and supply systems. It is used for numerous applications
More informationInvestigation of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel weld metal
Computational Methods and Experiments in Material Characterisation II 63 Investigation of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel weld metal
More informationSTAINLESS STEELS. Experience has shown that, at least for stainless. for Corrosion Resistance
STAINLESS STEELS for Corrosion Resistance Newly developed stainless steels provide increased corrosion resistance, improved mechanical properties, easier forming and fabrication, and/or improved economy.
More information» UNS S41000» ASTM A276» ASTM A484» ASTM E381. » Hunting Rifles» Tactical Rifles» Competition Rifles» Pistol Barrels
COMPARABLE STANDARD Typical Analysis % C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Minimum 11.50 Maximum 0.15 0.60 1.00 0.040 0.03 12.50 0.75 DESCRIPTION Ugitech s 410RS is a pre-hardened chrome bearing martensitic stainless steel
More informationCooling rate effect on vacuum brazed joint properties for 2205 duplex stainless steels
Materials Science and Engineering A354 (2003) 82/91 www.elsevier.com/locate/msea Cooling rate effect on vacuum brazed joint properties for 2205 duplex stainless steels L.H. Chiu *, W.C. Hsieh, C.H. Wu
More informationWeldingAL-6XN. General Welding Recommendations
WeldingAL-6XN General Welding Recommendations AL-6XN alloy is easily welded using similar weld parameters as Type 316L stainless steel, including travel speed (IPM) and weld current. It is typically suggested
More informationSEMASPEC Test Method for Metallurgical Analysis for Gas Distribution System Components
SEMASPEC Test Method for Metallurgical Analysis for Gas Distribution System Components Technology Transfer 91060574B-STD and the logo are registered service marks of, Inc. 1996, Inc. SEMASPEC Test Method
More informationSANDVIK SPRINGFLEX SF SPRING WIRE WIRE
SANDVIK SPRINGFLEX SF SPRING WIRE WIRE DATASHEET Sandvik Springflex SF is a duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel especially designed for spring applications with extremely high fatigue requirements.
More informationCorrosion Behavior of Mild Steel and SS 304L in Presence of Dissolved Copper
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 9, No.12, pp.1113-1130, 2010 jmmce.org Printed in the USA. All rights reserved Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel and SS 304L in Presence
More informationData Report on Corrosion Testing of Stainless Steel SNF Storage Canisters
Data Report on Corrosion Testing of Stainless Steel SNF Storage Canisters Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Used Fuel Disposition Campaign D.G. Enos, C.R. Bryan, and K. M. Norman Sandia National Laboratories
More information316/316L STAINLESS STEEL
316/316L STAINLESS STEEL Chemical Processing Equipment Exhaust Manifold Furnace Pans Marine Exposed Tubing TYPE 316 is widely used in applications requiring corrosion resistance superior to Type 304, or
More informationSandvik SAF 2205 (Billets)
Datasheet updated 2013 11 28 14:13:21 (supersedes all previous editions) Sandvik SAF 2205 (Billets) Sandvik SAF 2205 is a duplex (austenitic ferritic) stainless steel characterized by: High resistance
More informationSURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF PM STAINLESS STEELS FOR ENHANCED CORROSION RESISTANCE
SURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF PM STAINLESS STEELS FOR ENHANCED CORROSION RESISTANCE Chris Schade Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 ABSTRACT In general, PM stainless steel parts have inferior corrosion
More informationDevelopment of Oil-impregnated Sintered Bearing of Low Wear and Corrosion Resistance
New Product Development of Oil-impregnated Sintered Bearing of Low Wear and Corrosion Resistance Kazuhiro KIMURA Recently, oil-impregnated sintered bearings, which are slipping bearings, are used for a
More information316/316L STAINLESS STEEL
316/316L STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N Valve and Pump Trim Digesters Chemical Equipment Evaporators Pharmaceutical and Photographic Equipment Applications Potential Type 316 Stainless
More informationSANDVIK SAF 2304 TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS
SANDVIK SAF 2304 TUBE AND PIPE, SEAMLESS DATASHEET Sandvik SAF 2304 is a lean duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel characterized by the following properties: Very good resistance to stress corrosion
More information