Teacher Earth Science Education Programme. Teacher Earth Science Education Programme PARTNERS PRINCIPAL PLATINUM GOLD

Transcription

1 Teacher Earth Science Education Programme PARTNERS PRINCIPAL PLATINUM GOLD

2 Teacher Earth Science Education Programme SILVER PARTNERS The Australian National University Department of Primary Industries, Vic Pitney Bowes Business Insight PowerWorks Queensland Resources Council Rob Kirk Consultants The University of Sydney University of Tasmania BRONZE Anglo Coal Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation CS Energy Department of Sustainability and Environment, Vic Essential Petroleum Flinders University Gordon Wakelin King Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee Hot Dry Rocks Macquarie University Sandy Menpes Monash Energy Museum Victoria Our Water Our Future, Vic Petroleum Geo-Services Primary Industries and Resources SA Stanwell Corporation Velseis ZeroGen

3 Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Greening Coal New Generation Low Emission Coal Technology Part 2 Climate change and Greenhouse Overview Overview of Clean Coal Carbon Capture Technologies Australia and Worldwide Dale Simmons

4 Climate What do we mean by climate? Weather averaged over time 30 years usual but... Time is an important factor Generational» Granddad's day Historical» The dark ages Geological» The dinosaurs Image: NOAA Courtesy of Windows to the Universe

5 Weather What is weather? Natural processes and events In the atmosphere Over a short period of time Hours Days Week

6 What s the difference between Weather and Climate? Weather refers to hour-to-hour and day-to-day changes in temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, and other meteorological conditions. Climate is commonly thought of as the average weather conditions at a given location over time, but it also includes more complicated statistics such as the average daytime maximum temperature each month and the frequency of storms or droughts. Climate change refers to changes in these statistics over years, decades, and even centuries. The term global change is sometimes used to include these and other environmental changes, such as deforestation, ozone depletion, and the acidification of the world s oceans because of rising carbon dioxide levels

7 99% of atmosphere in bottom 32km Ozone layer Most weather 75% of atmospheric gas Image Courtesy of Windows to the Universe

8 Climate through time Rocks tell us global climate has changed over time Sometimes colder Ice ages Snowball Earth Sometimes warmer Polar dinosaurs Ice free Earth Never constant over geological time Stable long enough to allow evolution Unstable enough to drive evolution

9 Humans in climate change Earliest australopithecines Genus Homo Homo sapiens Image Courtesy of Global Warming Art

10 Ancient Climates Ice Free Earth Late Cretaceous Happy dinosaurs and other things High CO 2 levels No significant polar ice Very warm oceans Very high sea levels Feedback Anoxic ocean events Extinctions Cooling as C locked away Image courtesy freeimages.com

11 Carbon cycle Ocean clathrates Image: 2 nd IPCC report

12 Greenhouse Effect

13 Coal and Climate Change Burning coal to produce electricity does contribute to climate change BUT!

14 We all contribute! People Courtesy FreeFoto.com Animals Courtesy FreeFoto.com Other industries Vehicles Courtesy FreeFoto.com

15 Greenhouse Producers 2009 IPE

16 Australia produces approximately 1.4 % of world greenhouse emissions Image courtesy of FreeFoto.com

17 Clean Coal Technologies The need for Carbon Capture and Storage

18 Why coal and low emission technologies? Energy requirements predicted to double by 2020 With large increases in energy requirements, renewable sources alone will not suffice World primary energy demand in the reference scenario. From International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2007.

19 Projected CO 2 Emissions Courtesy: ANSTO

20 Energy issues Electricity demand to double before 2050 Around 100 GW of new generating capacity needed (currently 45 GW) Possible energy strategies: Conservation decreasing demand but overall energy demand will still increase Clean coal capture and sequestrate but commercial demonstration yet to happen and costs very uncertain Renewables wind, solar, geothermal but costs remain high and power intermittent Another source of baseload nuclear power? Courtesy: ANSTO

21 Need to develop present technologies to ensure that coal-fired power stations are as efficient as possible, while also ensuring low carbon emissions A low emissions future what will it look like? Image courtesy

22 Stationary man-made sources of CO 2 Fossil fuel power Plants Petroleum refineries Oil and gas production Iron and steel mills Cement plants Chemical plants Image courtesy Ippa

23 What sources can be captured and stored? Storage possible Storage very difficult Data, Department of Climate Change: National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, 2006

24 CCS Carbon Capture and Storage Capture and storage of carbon dioxide that would otherwise be emitted in the atmosphere. Emissions can be reduced at power plants using coal, oil, gas or biomass, at natural gas plants, at cement plants and in the iron and steel industry. Includes Pre and Post Combustion Capturing occurs at the point of emission Captured gases stored in underground reservoirs Porous rocks act as underground reservoirs Link: Carbon capture

25 Carbon Capture & Storage Trials around the World Courtesy CO2CRC

26 Active CCS Storage Sites around the World Courtesy CO2CRC

27 Proposed CCS Storage Sites Courtesy CO2CRC

28 Australian CCS Projects Courtesy CO2CRC

29 Resources! ng

30 Teacher Earth Science Education Programme PARTNERS PRINCIPAL PLATINUM GOLD

31 Teacher Earth Science Education Programme SILVER PARTNERS The Australian National University Department of Primary Industries, Vic Pitney Bowes Business Insight PowerWorks Queensland Resources Council Rob Kirk Consultants The University of Sydney University of Tasmania BRONZE Anglo Coal Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation CS Energy Department of Sustainability and Environment, Vic Essential Petroleum Flinders University Gordon Wakelin King Great Artesian Basin Coordinating Committee Hot Dry Rocks Macquarie University Sandy Menpes Monash Energy Museum Victoria Our Water Our Future, Vic Petroleum Geo-Services Primary Industries and Resources SA Stanwell Corporation Velseis ZeroGen