Textiles, dyes, and waste management [environmental focus]

Transcription

1 Textiles, dyes, and waste management [environmental focus] Figure 1: Fabric drying in a factory in Tirupur, India ( Name: Class: Date: 1

2 Station 1 Part one: where did my jeans come from? Part two: where does my shirt get its colors from? In order for color dyes to stay on cloth, a chemical reaction must take place. A chemical reaction is a process by which substances undergo a chemical change so that the properties of products are no longer the same as before the reaction began. For example, if you are baking a cake, the starting materials ( reactants ) would be eggs, sugar, and flour. After baking, the properties of those ingredients change into a form of a cake ( product ). The process of baking is a chemical reaction that caused reactants to undergo a chemical change. Tie dye coloring works due to a special type of chemical reaction between an acid and a base. Bases tend to have special hydroxyl groups (OH ) and ac ids are characterized by having more 2

3 hydrogen (H + ) atoms. We can test whether a substance is an acid or a base by using a ph indicator (a litmus paper). This special test tells how much H+ are in a substance. An acidic substance will have a lower ph number and a base will have a higher ph number. The ph scale below shows the ph of common household substances that you may have used at home. Notice acids are indicated by the color red and bases are blue. Tie dye coloring is produced when a covalent bond is created between a color dye molecule and a negatively charged chemical group on cotton under basic conditions. A covalent bond is a way for molecules to join together by sharing electrons. Figure 3: Tie-dye color chemical reaction with cotton 3

4 Materials on your table Tie dye procedures 1. Put on your gloves, apron, goggles 2. Dip the litmus paper into clean water to test the ph and Record your observations 3. Dip the litmus paper into the soda ash solution to test the ph and Record your observations 4. Wash the 100% cotton fabric 5. Soak the fabric into the soda ash solution for 5 minutes 6. Wring out excess soda ash solution over the soda ash bucket 7. Twist and fold the fabric to create a pattern for your dye (use the marble) 8. Tie the twisted fabric tightly with a rubber band 9. Squirt dyes onto your cloth (apply the dyes on both sides of the cloth) 10. Place your dyed cloth into a Ziploc baggie. Label your baggie 11. Clean up and leave it alone!!! 4

5 Station 2 Part one: How does your shirt affect the environment? Water filtration procedure 1. Sketch the State of the art filtration system into your worksheet. 2. Scoop up a cup of water from the river water bucket. Record your observations. 3. Carefully pour the water into the filtration system. 4. Record your observations into your worksheet. 5. Remove the top part of the filtration system to pour the filtered water back into the River water bucket. 6. Place the top part of the filtration system back together for the next group at the station. 5

6 Part two: what happens when dye wastewater is not treated? Questions from Fashion Revolution video 1.What is dye effluent? 2.What is causing this dye effluent? 3.Why is the dye effluent a concern? 4.What have some people do to solve this problem? 5.Why is it important to preserve the water? 6

7 Station 3 Part one: How much is wasted? 7

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9 Part Two: How do we manage our waste? 9

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11 Station 4 Part one: Fibers inspired by cotton candy 11

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13 Cotton candy procedures 1. Put on your gloves, apron, goggles 2. Turn on the cotton candy machine and wait 2 minutes for the machine to warm up 3. Put 3 pieces of candy into the rotating part of the machine 4. Place the paper cone on the side to begin collecting your sample 5. When all the candy is spun, do not eat the cotton candy yet! 6. remove a small section of cotton candy fiber 7. Place the cotton candy sample onto the center of a microscope slide 8. Place a cover slip over your cotton candy sample 9. Label your microscope slide by writing cotton candy and today s date on the side of the glass 10. Observe the cotton candy fibers under the microscope using 10x and 40x objectives 11. record your observations into your worksheet 12. clean up your work area 13

14 Part two: fibers under the scope [More images to add from synthetic fibers and cotton candy] 14

15 Station 5 Part one: How do enzymes work? Enzymes are what make all the chemical reactions in the cell possible. The human body is made up of trillions of cells, and there are different cells for different functions. Cells are little bundles of chemical reactions. They reproduce, they create energy, and they break molecules down and build them up. All that action going on is made possible by the enzymes. 1 Enzymes are proteins inside the cells. They are formed by special chains of amino acids that come together in different shapes to do special jobs, like breaking down sugar and fat molecules or to make more enzymes. The cells need the enzymes to live, and each different enzyme has its own work to do. When the body is missing a type of enzyme, the cells can t work properly. This can lead to problems for the person whose body is missing the enzymes. 1 Figure 4: How do Enzymes Work? The shape and surrounding environment of an enzyme is very important to its function. If an enzyme is out of shape, the products may not be produced. If the proper conditions of the environment are not met, the products may not be produced. For example, if temperature is too high, there s a chance of breaking the whole enzyme. Part two: How can enzymes help in wastewater treatment? 1 Discovery Kids. What do the enzymes inside a cell do? July 30,

16 Enzymes can also have other uses. Scientists can extract enzymes from living organism and use them for other purposes. For example, some enzymes are especially helpful in breaking down environmental toxins that may be harmful for humans and sea life. The process by which humans use natural remedies to clean up contaminated land, water, air, or soil is called bioremediation. Textile companies have used enzymes to degrade chemicals used in bleaching or coloring of their fabrics. Wastes produced by these manufacturing factories end up in the nearby environments. Therefore, companies need to take special care of how they manage their waste so they do not become a harmful component to the environment. Enzymes from bacteria or fungi were first used to clean up contamination that resulted from pesticides used in farming. Oil companies have also used enzymes to break down oil that may have entered 2 the soil nearby. 2 Rhodes, Chris. Mycoremediation (Bioremediation with Fungi) Growing Mushrooms to Clean the Earth. A mini-review. July 20,

17 Figure 2: Pollution resulting from Textile Factories Figure 2: The Jian River in Luoyang, Henan, China [ (Optional) Part three: enzyme action Figure 3 Figure 3: 17