Value of Manure as a Fertilizer. What s so good about manure? Typical Nutrient Concentration
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1 Value of as a Fertilizer John A. Lory Associate Extension Professor Division of Plant Science Commercial Agriculture Program University of Missouri What s so good about manure? Nutrients: - Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potash - Micronutrients Soil conditioners: - Lime - Organic matter Typical Nutrient Concentration Source units N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Poultry Litter lbs/ton Beef Feedlot lbs/ton Dairy Slurry lbs/1000 gal Pig Slurry lbs/1000 gal Pig Effluent lbs/acre-in Archived presentation available at 1 1
2 Typical Nutrient Concentration Source N - P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (%) Beef Feedlot Poultry Litter Dairy Slurry Pig Slurry Pig Lagoon Effluent Value Based on Fertilizer Price Source units N P 2 O 5 K 2 O Sum Poultry Litter $/ton Beef Feedlot $/ton Dairy Slurry $/1000 gal Pig Slurry $/1000 gal Pig Effluent $/acre-in Secondary Nutrients with 150 lbs of N Source units Ca Mg S Zn Na Poultry Litter lbs Beef Feedlot lbs Dairy Slurry lbs Pig Slurry lbs Pig Effluent lbs For comparison: Corn (150 bu) lbs Calculations based on providing crop 150 lbs or plant available N. Assume surface application for solid manure and injection for liquid manure. Archived presentation available at 2 2
3 as Soil Conditioner: Lime, Organic Matter Poultry Litter Effects on Soil Properties 8.0 y = x r r = y = x r r =0.73 Soil ph 0 to 6 inches More Mt. Vernon, MO Runoff Volume (L/square meter) More Olsen s P 0 to 6 inches (ppm) Olsen s P 0 to 6 inches (ppm) Effects on P Loss Composted feedlot manure applied to meet corn N needs from 1998 to 2000 (3 years) Soil Test P 0-2 inches (Bray 1, ppm) 900 Runoff Volume (acre-in) Sediment Loss (T/A) Wortmann and Walters, 2006 Archived presentation available at 3 3
4 Effects on P Loss Composted feedlot manure applied to meet corn N needs from 1998 to 2000 (3 years). Residual Effects Runoff Volume (acre-in) Sediment Loss (T/A) Wortmann and Walters, 2006 Effects on P Loss Composted feedlot manure applied to meet corn N needs from 1998 to 2000 (3 years). Residual Effects Bioavailable P Loss (lb/a) Dissolved P Loss (lb/a) Wortmann and Walters, 2006 Organic Matter added with 150 lbs of N Source Rate %TS OM added (lbs) Poultry Litter 3.5 tons 70 3,500 Beef Feedlot 10 tons 67 4,200 Dairy Slurry 7,800 gal. 8 3,400 Pig Slurry 3,000 gal. 9 1,600 Pig Effluent 1.3 acre-in For comparison: Plow layer soil 0.5% OM 10,000 lb/a OM Plow layer soil 2.5% OM 50,000 lb/a OM Calculations based on providing crop 150 lbs or plant available N. Assume surface application for solid manure and injection for liquid manure. Archived presentation available at 4 4
5 Organic Benefits of Reduce erosion Reflected in RUSLE2 erosion prediction tool. Reflected in the NE P index. Difficult to quantify in many soils Added OM often is relatively little compared to soil OM pool. Net P loss increases with large manure application rates. as Fertilizer: Rules for Success Analyze manure Estimate nutrient availability Spread target rate Uniform spread pattern Effective use of manure as a fertilizer starts with a quality estimate of nutrient content. Archived presentation available at 5 5
6 Total Nitrogen (lb/acre-in) Nutrient Concentration: Lagoons Swine Swine Swine Swine Dairy Dairy Day of the Year Nutrient availability Example: Swine slurry 50 lbs/1000 gal. total N 33 lbs/1000 gal. ammonium N 42 lbs/1000 gal. phosphate 30 lbs/1000 gal. potash Archived presentation available at 6 6
7 Surface Applied Swine Source: Purdue University s Nutrient Availability Calculator (Joern and Hess, 2007). Estimate of available nutrients State Nitrogen Phosphate Potash lbs per 1000 gallons Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska Ohio Wisconsin Nutrient availability Opportunity to develop a more integrated, equitable and accurate system for determining nitrogen availability. The value of manure to an operation s bottom line varies significantly among farms. Archived presentation available at 7 7
8 value Factors Nutrient concentration and ratio Soil productivity and fertility Fertilizer, fuel and labor costs Operation size and ownership Field proximity Land tenure Application method Lagoon effluent - Lower investment - Low concentration - Fewer nutrients Slurry manure - Higher investment - Higher concentration - More nutrients Lagoon systems - 3% net income - Appl. cost $11.80/AU - Value $2.61/AU Slurry systems - 16% net income - Appl. cost $9.39/AU - Value $10.73/AU Lory et. al., 2004 Archived presentation available at 8 8
9 Tractor-pulled spreader hp tractor hp pump gallon tanker - 15-ft injection tool bar - 2,200 gpm agitation pump - Assets $236,300 Drag-line hp tractor hp utility tractor hp pump - 2,600-ft dragline hoses - 14,660 delivery hoses - 2 hose reels - 15-ft injection tool bar - 2,200gpm agitation pump - Assets $316,000 4,800 grow-finish operation Slurry manure time and $ Time hr/yr Cost $/1000 gal Tractor pulled spreader 290 $15.00 Dragline 100 $ bu/a corn - 50 bu/a soybean 950 acres Fertilizer value: $0.35/lb N,$0.30/lb P2O5, $0.20/lb K2O 4,800 grow-finish operation Slurry manure time and $ Net value ROA $ % Tractor pulled spreader 35, Dragline 42, bu/a corn - 50 bu/a soybean 950 acres Fertilizer value: $0.35/lb N,$0.30/lb P2O5, $0.20/lb K2O Archived presentation available at 9 9
10 Recipe for success: Maximize utilization of nutrients Extract fertilizer value from manure - land receiving manure Archived presentation available at
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