Current Situation and Actions for nzeb in Japan

Transcription

1 REHVA BRUSSELS SUMMIT CONFERENCE ( ) Current Situation and Actions for nzeb in Japan Hideharu Niwa NIKKEN SEKKEI Research Institute, Japan Chair of Committee on Guideline for Design of nzeb in SHASE* Gyo Onishi TAISEI CORPORATION, Japan Observer of Committee on Guideline for Design of nzeb in SHASE* *The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineering

2 Background of nzeb in Japan 1. NZEB (Net Zero Energy Building) has become recognized to be important for energy conservation and global warming prevention. 2. In Japan, after the East Japan Great Disaster, the need of self-sufficiency of energy has been recognized from the viewpoint of energy security. 3. Definition and Evaluation method of nzeb is not so clear that design method of nzeb is not yet established. Discussion on Definition and Evaluation Method of NZEB in SHASE of Japan from

3 Continuous Committee on ZEB in SHASE of JAPAN #1 Committee for Definition of ZEB Research on worldwide trend of ZEB Research on advanced trial for ZEB in Japan Discussion on definition and evaluation of ZEB Case study on definition and evaluation of ZEB Guideline for Definition and Evaluation of ZEB #2 Committee on Feasibility of ZEB Research on best practice in domestic and overseas Feasibility study on realizing ZEB using simulation Extraction elemental for technologies for ZEB realizing #3 Committee on Guideline for Design of ZEB Discussion on evaluation of elemental technologies for ZEB Study on regarding definition, social value, and so on ZEB Integration of elemental technologies for realizing ZEB Guideline for Design of ZEB, including pamphlet 2

4 Today s 5 Topics on nzeb 1. Design Approach for nzeb in Japan 2. Definition and Evaluation Method of nzeb 3. Research on Best Practice of nzeb 4. Guideline and Pamphlet for Design of nzeb 5. Future Tasks for Spread of nzeb in Japan 3

5 Design Methods of Traditional Japanese Architecture Design Methods for Saving Energy and Resource 1. Enjoying the Fluctuation of Indoor Environment 2. Strict Load Control 3. Use of Natural Energy 4. Use of Natural Materials Pic.1 Traditional Japanese House 京町屋 4

6 Design Methods for Eco-logical Buildings in Japan For comfortable summer Shading of Sunlight Purging of Inner Heat Radiation Cooling Natural Ventilation Well Water Cooling Completed in 1995 Fig.1 Example of Passive Design for Eco-logical Building in Japan 5

7 Design Methods of Japanese Modern Architecture Examples of Natural Energy Using of Modern Architecture A big atrium inside to encourage natural ventilation by chimney effect Natural Lighting in 1960 s in 1980 s Natural Ventilation Deep shelf to intake natural sunlight 6

8 Design Methods of Sustainable Buildings in Japan Passive and Active Design Methods are combined Solar collector 1. Natural ventilation 2. Day lighting 3. Use of underground heat 4. Photovoltaic power 5. Solar heat collector 6. Wind power PV Light shelf Project room Summer, Mid-season: Natural ventilation Winter: Heat recovery Wind Power Louver Lobby Entrance Meeting room Atrium Fig.2 Cooling and Heating Trench Completed in 2002 Example of Passive and Active Design for Typical Sustainable Building 7

9 Approach to net Zero Energy Building y Net net Zero Energy net 200 net 400 Generated Energy [MJ/a m2 ] Energy Generation Renewable Energy Generation nearly Net Zero Energy Building Low Energy Building Traditional Japanese House Passive and Active Approach for Energy Saving Large Energy Increase Energy Consumption [MJ/a m2] Reference Building X Fig.3 Approach to Net Zero Energy Building 8

10 Design Approach to Net Zero Energy Building #1 Passive Design Methods for Low Energy Building Optimization of Outside Environment Optimization of Indoor Environment #2 Active Design Methods for Low Energy Infrastructure Load Reduction Use of Natural Energy High Efficiency System Use of Renewable Energy Energy Management Use of Unutilized Energy #3 Energy Management Method Fig.5 Design Approach to Net Zero Energy Building 9

11 Design Methods of Net Zero Energy Building 1.Optimization of Outside Environment 4.Use of Natural Energy 1.1 Location of Building Ventilation, Location of Building 1.2 Outside Environment Planning Green and water, Surface Material 2.Optimization Indoor Environment 2.1 Thermal Environment Temperature, Humidity, Radiation 2.2 Lighting Environment Optimization of illumination 2.3 Air Quality Outside Air Volume 3.Load Reduction 3.1 Shading of Sunlight Tree, Building Shape 3.2 Insulation of Envelope Window Surface, Pair Glass Double Skin Roof Greening 3.3 Reduction of Inner heat Waiting Power, Clouding 熱交換器 4.1 Natural Lighting Top light, Light shelf, Light Duct 4.2 Natural Ventilation 4.3 Earth heat Using Earth Tube, Geo-HP 4.4 Solar Heat Using Passive and Active 光庭風庭 PV( 太陽電池 ) 5.Use of Unutilized Energy 5.1 Temperature Difference Ground Water 6.High Efficiency System 6.1 Lighting LED Natural Lighting Task & Ambient Lighting 6.2 HVAC High Efficiency Equipment 6.3 Heat Source High Efficiency System 6.4 Electricity High Efficiency Trans 6.5 Others HW Supply system 6.6 Control Blind Control Task & Ambient Control 7.Resource and Material 7.1 Resource 7.2 Materials 7.3 Waste Fig.6 8.Use of Renewable Energy 8.1 PV 8.2 Wind Power 8.3 Biomass 9.Energy Management 9.1 BEMS 9.2 LCEM 9.3 Visualization Design Methods to Actualize Net Zero Energy Building 10

12 Definition of NZEB in SHASE of Japan Qualitative Definition A Net Zero-Energy Building is a building that has a high energy saving through load reduction, natural energy use and high energy efficiency without decreasing the environmental quality both indoor and outdoor. With the introduction of on-site renewable energies, the energy generation will be greater than or equal to the energy consumption. 11

13 Definition of NZEB in SHASE of Japan Net Zero Energy Net Zero Energy Building Reference Building Fig.7 Approach to NZEB(Net Zero Energy Building) 12

14 Definition of NZEB in SHASE of Japan Quantitative Definition R Renewable Energy R:Renewable Energy Supply D Delivered Energy D:Delivered Energy electricity fuel Building (On-site) electricity G Energy Generation G:Energy Generation E Site boundary E:Exported Energy Site Boundary Exported Energy heat Exported Energy electricity heat C Energy Consumption C:Energy Consumption Demand Energy use Building needs HVAC Lighting Plug load Others Net Zero Energy Building is defined as G=C or D=E A Site boundary identifies the physical boundary (used for zero energy accounting). G (Energy Generation)/C(Energy Consumption) balance D (Dlivered Energy)/ E(Exported Energy) balance In principle, ZEB is measured through actual annual source energy. Energy Demand and Energy Supply Balance of NZEB Energy generated on-site is used for building needs; HVAC, lighting, plug load, others (ventilation, sanitary system EV, etc.) In the case the appliance energy is measured, it is possible to exclude appliance energy consumption from the building needs because it does not influence the building quality and also it's out of the building designer's control. Fig.8 13

15 Definition of NZEB in SHASE of Japan Net net Zero Zero Energy Weighted weighted supply Supply (kwh,mj,kg-co2, etc.) G E Net Zero Energy Building net Zero Energy Building G=C G C E=D D E Net Zero Energy ZEB Definition Building is defined as G=C or E=D G C or D E 0 0 D C Weighted weighted Demand demand(kwh,mj,kg-co2, etc.) Reference Building Reference Building The weighted demand and the supply should be in principal primary energy consumption. If multiplied with coefficient, CO2 emissions and energy cost can be replacable by weighted supply and demand. Physical definition of ZEB is represented by G C or D E. Fig.9 Quantitative Definition of NZEB(Net Zero Energy Building) 14

16 G*:normalized energy generation 基準化供給量 G* Evaluation Standard of NZEB net Plus Energy Building Positive ZEB nearly ZEB 0.25 nearly ZEB レベルⅠ nearly ZEB レベルⅡ ZEB Ready ZEB Ready Net Zero Energy net Zero Energy Building 0.5 ZEB Oriented Buildings ZEB Oriented Reference Building C*:normalized 基準化需要量 energy consumption C* Demand G*:normalized G * : 基準化需要量 energy generation = 評価対象建築物の生成エネルギー / レファレンスビルの消費エネルギー C * : 基準化供給量 = 評価対象建築物の消費エネルギー / レファレンスビルの消費エネルギー = energy generation of target building/ energy consumption of reference building C*:normalized energy consumption = energy consumption of target building/ energy consumption of reference building 0.65 Reference Building 1.0 Fig.10 NZEB(Net Zero Energy Building) Evaluation Path 15

17 Definition and Evaluation of nzeb METI, Japan METI s ZEB Definition is based on SHASE s ZEB definition. Therefore these are almost same. Fig.11 Definition of NZEB(Net Zero Energy Building) METI, Japan 16

18 Overview of Best Practices of nzeb in Japan Location of 14 Best Practices in Japan 10 around of Tokyo, 2 in Kansai area, 2 in other areas #1 #6 #5 #9 #10 #3 #2 #8 #7 #11 #4 #12 #13 #14 Fig.12 External Appearance of Best Practices of NZEB in Japan 17

19 Mapping of Best Practices of nzeb in Japan 4 buildings have been reached to Net Zero Energy. 2 buildings are ranked in Nearly ZEB, 7 are ranked in ZEB Ready and another is ZEB Oriented. Location of Tokyo Climo-Graph of Tokyo Fig.13 Mapping of Best Practices of nzeb in Japan 18

20 Guideline for Design of nzeb METI, Japan Design Guidelines for various types of building has been prepared. For small office For large office For hospital For super market Guidelines for various types of building 19

21 Pamphlet ZEB Advanced Case Collection in Japan Front Cover Foreword Definition and Evaluation method of ZEB Overview of Best Practices in Japan 14 page of Details of each Best Practice 20

22 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation 21

23 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Location Building type Total floor area Number of floors Completion Certification Yokohama city N35.42o E139.54o Office 1,300m2 Basement 3 stories Penthouse 1 story June 2014 CASBEE S rank, LEED platinum, BELS 22

24 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation

25 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Target of annual energy balance Typical Building ZEB Office Annual Energy consumption Energy Savings Annual Energy Generation Energy Generation 25% 24

26 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Technologies Sensing technology T-Zone Saver Daylighting technology T-Light Cube Air-conditioning technology T-Radiant Slab Organic thin film PV Facade unit 25

27 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Day-lighting System(T-Light Cube) Day-lighting system White ceiling Mirror Overhead Lighting Diffusion light Day-light can be introduced to the back of room without being influenced by the sun altitude. 26

28 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Day-lighting System(T-Light Cube) 27

29 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Task & ambient AC system Fuel cell Exhaust Heat Slab-embedded piping Absorption chiller T-radiant slab 28 Radiant cooling from the slab Smart Sensor 26 Personal air Conditioning unit Automatic-controlled personal Floor diffuser T-Personal air 28

30 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation PV installation Roof Top Monocrystal PV External Wall Organic Thin Film PV 29

31 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation PV installation United wall material Light weight Window frame Organic thin-film Aluminum panel Organic thin film Crystalline Photovoltaic cells 4.8kg/m 2 7.5kg/m 2 30

32 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Results of annual energy balance - JUNE 2014~May Solar Radiation Generation Predicted energy 127 kwh prim/m 2 yr Predicted Measured Measured energy 137 kwh prim/m 2 yr 0 - Consumption Predicted energy Measured energy 119 kwh prim/m 2 yr 129 kwh prim/m 2 yr June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 31

33 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation ZEB Evaluation - JUNE 2014~May 2015 (+8 kwh prim/m 2 yr) G*:normalized energy generation 0.5 (134 kwh prim/m 2 yr) 0.27 Positive ZEB Generation of 27% Reduction of 74% (129 kwh prim/m 2 yr) (505 kwh prim/m 2 yr) C*: normalized energy consumption 32

34 ZEB Demonstration Building by Taisei Corporation Certification and Achievements LEED-NC Platinum First Certification in Japan BELS 5-star rating Minister of the Environment Award Building Energy-efficiency Labeling System in Japan 33

35 Future Interesting Tasks for SHASE of Japan #1 Review of ZEB definition and evaluation method Evaluation method of biomass energy, green energy and natural energy. Definition of ZEC ( Zero Energy Community ) #2 Framework of social value of ZEB(including Labeling) Reasonableness of return on investment or cost optimization of ZEB #3 Design method for realizing and spreading of ZEB Guideline for design of ZEB #4 Elemental technologies for realizing and spreading of ZEB Especially technologies for large building #5 Policies and incentives for realizing and spreading of ZEB #6 Tools for realizing and spreading of ZEB #7 Roadmap for realizing of ZEB 34

36 Thanks for your attention