Maize-Common Bean Intercrop Productivity as Affected by Planting Arrangements and Applied Nutrients in Northwestern Ethiopia

Transcription

1 Maize-Common Bean Intercrop Productivity as Affected by Planting Arrangements and Applied Nutrients in Northwestern Ethiopia Alemayehu Assefa, Tamado Tana, Nigusie Dechassa, Yigzaw Desalgn, Kinde Tesfaye and Charles S. Wortmann Part of PhD dissertation (PhD dissertation successfully defended three weeks back)

2 Introduction Maize coverage (25%) produced (26%) Common bean coverage (6%) produced (8%) 2 nd (area coverage) 1 st (grain produced) 2

3 Gap Analysis Introdn Production constraints Cereal based system (less productive) Maize-bean IC single row IPA Research Results Research Gap Decline in farm size Nitrogen and P deficient Fertilizer recommendations based on sole crop Maize-legume IC recent phenomenon NWE Maize-bean IC paired row IPA Maize-bean IC integration with NP 3

4 Objective: Introdn To identify suitable combination of planting arrangement, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers rates for overall productivity of maizecommon bean intercropping system 4

5 Materials and Methods Conducted during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons (June-October) at South Achefer and Mecha About 90% of annual RF (June to October) Monthly mean temperature Maximum: 24 to 31 0 C Minimum: 11 to 15 0 C Fig. 1. Monthly temperature and rainfall distribution at South Achefer and Mecha experimental sites 5

6 Materials and - - Treatments and Experimental Design Treatments Two IPA (single row of common bean in between maize rows and paired rows of common bean in between paired rows of maize) Two levels of N (92 and 128 kg ha-1), and Two levels of P (20 and 40 kg ha-1) applied on maize rows were combined in factorial arrangement Sole maize with 128/40 N/P kg ha-1 Sole common bean with 41/20 N/P kg ha-1 Total of ten treatment combinations Design: Randomized complete block design with three replications 6

7 Materials and Data Collection Grain yield and yield components were determined for both crops Grain moisture content was measured Dickey-John Multigrain Final grain yield - adjusted to moisture contents of 12.5% for maize and 10% for common bean Intercrop Productivity LER = ( Y / Y ) + ( Y / YB ) MB M BM EY M = YMB + ( YBM xpb / PM ) Willey, 1979 Verma and Modgal, 1983

8 Materials and Data Analysis Data were combined over sites and analyzed (Walter, 1993) using the GLM procedure of the SAS 9.4 version Orthogonal contrasts SAS LSMEANS test at 5% probability level Economic Analysis Following a partial budget procedure (CIMMYT, 1988) Three scenarios and cost price ratios N cost kg -1 /maize grain price kg -1 = 6, 9 and 13 P cost kg -1 /maize grain price kg -1 = 11, 18 and 25 Labor cost man-day -1 /bean grain price kg -1 = 5, 8 and 11 NR = GR ( NC + PC + LC + SC) MRR = ( NR NR ) dtvc T SC / 8

9 Results and Discussion Table 1. Effect of planting arrangement, applied N and P on maize grain yield under maize-bean intercropping at South Achefer and Mecha in Northwestern Ethiopia Treatments Over IPA N rate P rate S. Ach Mecha sites kg ha-1 t ha-1 Single d c Single Competition 92 for N cd bc Single Agreed with 128 Siame et al.(1998) bcd abc Single and Cardoso 128 et al.(2007) bc abc Paired bcd bc Paired ab ab Paired bcd bc Paired ab ab Sole crop maize a a PDIFF ** * CV (%) Data were combined over years (2012 and 2013) 9

10 Results and Table 2. Yield and yield related traits of bean in maize-bean intercropping as affected by planting arrangements, applied N and P in Northwestern Ethiopia Intercrop treatments IPA N P Plant Grain Biomass Pods Seeds rate rate height yield yield plant -1 plant -1 kg ha -1 cm t ha -1 Single Single Single Single Paired Bean benefited from high N rate at two adjacent rows Paired Agreed with Siame et al. (1998) and Cardoso et al. (2007) Paired Paired SC bean CV (%) Data were combined over sites (South Achefer and Mecha) and years (2012 and 2013) 10

11 Results and Table 3. Effect of intercrop planting arrangement, applied N and P on productivity of maize-bean intercrop as expressed by equivalent yield of maize at South Achefer and Mecha in Northwestern Ethiopia Treatments IPA N rate P rate South Over sites Land equivalent kg ha ratio -1 was kg ha more -1 than Achefer unity in all Mecha intercrop treatments kg ha-1 t ha Maize-bean intercropping was 20% more productive compared to sole crop production -1 Single b Single b Single ab % 6.24 Single a Paired ab Paired a Paired ab Paired a Sole crop maize ab PDIFF * CV (%) Data were combined over years (2012 and 2013) 11

12 Results and Table 4. Net return and marginal rate of return from maize-bean intercropping as affected by planting arrangement, applied N and P in Northwestern Ethiopia Three scenarios of CPRs (N cost kg -1 / maize grain price kg -1, P cost kg -1 / maize grain price kg -1, labor cost manday -1 / bean price kg -1 ), respectively Treatments Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 6, 11, 5 9, 18, 8 13, 25, 11 IPA N rate P rate NR MRR NR MRR NR MRR kg ha -1 Birr ha -1 % Birr ha -1 % Birr ha -1 % Single Single Single Single Paired Paired Most 265 profitable, monetary 212 advantage (5 to %) Paired Paired SC maize Data were combined over sites (South Achefer and Mecha) 12

13 Conclusions Farmers can financially benefit by more adoption of maize-bean intercrop. Maize-bean intercrop in single row IPA integrated with 128/20 N/P kg ha -1 was the most profitable with monetary advantage of 16% over sole cropped maize. Productivity of maize-bean intercrop can be further maximized by optimizing N requirements of bean to minimize belowground intercrop competition and enhance complementarity with maize. 13

14 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 14

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