South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.7 (2017)

Transcription

1 ISSN No: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE USING COCONUT SHELL ASH AND EGG SHELL POWDER R. Ranjith Kumar, R. Mahendran, S. Gokul Nathan, D. Sathya, K. Thamaraikannan Department of Civil Engineering, Shree Venkateshwara Hi-Tech Engineering College, Gobi, Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding Author R. Ranjith Kumar Received: 2/1/217, Revised: 3/2/217 and Accepted: 2/4/217 Abstract The wish and rising cost of building construction in developing countries have been a source of concern to government and private developers. This study investigated the use of Egg Shell Powder and Coconut Shell Ash as replacement for cement in M-3 Grade concrete. The both materials used to partially replace the cement from 5%- 25%.Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength are evaluate at 7,14,21 and. The reduction in cost up to 1% can be achieved for every cubic meter of concrete production with use of materials. In the last decades, the use of residue in civil construction, especially in addition to concrete, has been subject of many researches due to besides to reduce the environmental polluter s factors, it may lead several improvements of the concrete properties. The world Coconut Shell Ash is estimated in 5 million tons per year, and India is the second producer. This project evaluates how different contents of Egg Shell Powder (ESP) and Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) added to concrete may influence its physical and mechanical properties. Due to its high pozzolanic activity, both strength and durability of concrete are enriched. This may increase the strength of concrete against cracking. Previously, investigation on the corrosion performance of Coconut shell ash and Egg shell powder blended concrete is very limited. Keywords: Coconut shell ash, egg shell powder, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, strength, durability, concrete, cement e 1. Introduction In construction sector there is always a demand to find a suitable material for effective replacement of cement and fine aggregate since manufacturing of cement causes environmental pollution and lack of natural resources to a greater extent. Nowadays, all over the world aimed at increasing the reuse and recycling products, where it is technically, economically or environmentally acceptable. a. COCONUT SHELL ASH Coconut shell is one of the most important natural fillers produced in the tropical countries like Malaysia, Thailand and Sri Lanka. Coconut shells are cheap and readily available in high quantity. Coconut shell 151

2 contains about 65-75% volatile matter and moisture which are removed largely during the carbonization process. The carbonization process converts coconut shells to charcoal by heating in the absence of oxygen. b. EGG SHELL POWDER Egg shell consist of several growing layers of caco3 & it is a poultry waste with chemical composting nearly same as that of limestone. Use off egg shell waste to replace cement can have benefits like minimizing use of cement, conserves natural lime & utilizing waste materials, majority of egg shell wastes are deposited in landfill & it attracts vermin and causes human health & environmental problems. Collected egg shell wastes are all dried & powdered. The powder was sieved through 75 mm sieve 2. Experimental INVESTIGATIONS The experimental program was designed to investigate the strength characteristics of concrete Cement The Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade conforming to IS: was used for present experimental study. The important of this cement have been tested and given below Table 2.1.1Test on cement S. No TESTS VALUES 1 Specific gravity of cement Normal consistency of cement 34% 3 Initial setting time of cement 3 minutes 4 Fineness modulus of cement 5% Fine Aggregate Natural river sand with fraction passing through 4.75mm sieve and on 15µm sieve was used and tested as per IS: The important properties tested for fine aggregate were given below. Table 2.1.2TestonFine Aggregate S. No TESTS VALUES 152

3 1 Specific gravity of fine aggregate Fineness modulus of fine aggregate Coarse Aggregate Crushed granite coarse aggregate of size 2mm was used and tested as per IS: 2386: The important properties tested for coarse aggregate are given below. Table Tests on Coarse Aggregate S. No TESTS VALUES 1 Specific gravity of Coarse Aggregate Crushing value on Coarse Aggregate 49.76% 3 Impact value of Coarse Aggregate 11.48% 4 Water Absorption 2.5% Coconut Shell Ash Coconut shell ash is also extensively used to make products like furnishing materials, rope etc. The shells also absorb less moisture due to its low cellulose content the report focuses on studying the effectiveness of coconut shell particles as a source of natural material for reinforcing epoxy resins towards their flexural properties. Table Tests on Coconut Shell Ash 153

4 S. No TESTS VALUES 1 Specific gravity of Coconut Shell Ash Fineness modulus of Coconut Shell Ash 8% 3 Normal consistency of Coconut shell Ash 38% Eggshell Powder Broken Eggshells collected from the local sources. The shells cleaned in normal water and air dried for five days approximately at a temperature range of 25-3 C. The shells then hand crushed, grinded and sieved through 75µm. Material passed through 75µm sieve was used for cement replacement and the retained material was discarded. Table Tests on Eggshell Powder S. No TESTS VALUES 1 Specific gravity of Eggshell Powder Fineness modulus of Eggshell Powder 7% 3 Normal consistency of Eggshell Powder 35% Water Portable tap water available in laboratory with ph value of 7. to 7.4 and confirming the requirements of IS: was used for mixing concrete and curing the specimens Mix Design 154

5 The mix design of M 3 grade of concrete is done by using the IS method by using the test results of the materials known. The concrete mix proportion (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) is 1:1.6:2.6 by volume & a water cement ratio of.45 is taken. The coconut shell ash and egg shell powder is replaced at a rate of 5%-25% by weight of cement. 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 3.1 COMPRESSION STRENGTH TEST The cube (15x15x15mm) specimens was placed in compression testing machine and the load is to be applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate of approximately 14 kg/cm 2 min until the resistance of the specimen to the increasing load breaks down and no greater load can be restrained. The maximum load applied to the specimens is to be recorded and the appearance of the concrete and any unusual features in the type of failure is noted. The measured compressive strength of the specimen is to be calculated by dividing the maximum applied load to the specimen during the test by the cross sectional area. Average of the above three values is to be taken as the representative of the corresponding mix. Compressive strength is determined using the following formula Compressive strength (MPa) = The compression test specimens were tested on a compression testing machine (CTM) of capacity 2kN. The specimen was placed on machine in such a way that its position is at right angles to its own position which it had at the time of casting. Load is applied gradually as the rate of 14N/mm 2 /min or 32kN/min 3.2. SPLIT TENSILE TEST The tensile strength is one of the basic and important properties of the concrete. The concrete is not usually expected to resist, the direct tension because of its low tensile and brittle in nature. However the determination of tensile strength of concrete in necessary to determine the load at which the concrete members crack. The cracking is a form a tensile failure. The main of this experimental test is to determine the maximum load carrying capacity of test specimens. Cylinders of size 15mm in diameter and 3mm height were cast for split tensile test. Two numbers of specimens were tested 28days. The splitting tests are well known as indirect tests used for determining the tensile strength of concrete. They are sometimes referred as split tensile strength of concrete. The load was increased until the specimen fails, and the maximum load applied to the specimen during the test was recorded. The mean value of the three specimen of each type is taken as final split tensile strength value. The failure load of tensile strength of cylinder is calculated by using 155

6 the formula Tensile strength = 2P / DL Where, P - Failure of the specimen D - Diameter of the specimen L - Length of the specimen 3.3. FLEXURAL TEST The main of this experimental test is to determine the maximum load carrying capacity of beam specimens. The specimen is subjected to one point loading and the load at the failure of the specimen is noted down. Prisms of size 1 x1x5mm were cast. Two numbers of specimens for each set were tested for 28days. These specimens were tested in Universal Testing Machine (UTM) of capacity 1kN. The main value of the specimen of each type is taken as final flexure value. Flexural strength of the specimen is expressed as the modules of rupture. Flexural Strength=PL/bd² Where, b = measured width in mm of the specimen d = measured depth in mm of the specimen L = length in mm of the span on which the specimen was supported P = maximum load in kg applied to the specimen 4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: TEST RESULTS 4.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SPECIMEN S.NO TYPE OF TEST RESULTS (N/mm 2 ) CONCRETE 7 DAYS 14DAYS 21DAYS 28DAYS 1 conventional % % % % %

7 STRENGTH STRENGTH South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.7 (217) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH conventional1% Optimum percentage of replacement of concrete 4.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH S.N O TYPE OF CONCRET E TEST RESULTS (N/ mm 2 ) 7 D 14D 21 D 28 D 157

8 STRENGTH South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.7 (217) Conventional % % % % % SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 158

9 STRENGTH South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.7 (217) Optimum percentage of replacement of concrete 4.3 FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE SPECIMENS S.N O TYPE OF CONCRETE TEST RESULTS (N/mm 2 ) 7 D 14D 21D 28D 1 conventional % % % % %

10 STRENGTH STRENGTH South Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.7 (217) FLEXURAL STRENGTH conventional 1% Optimum percentage of replacement of concrete 16

11 Conclusions The following points are concluded from the study on Coconut Shell Ash and Eggshell Powder as Cement in Concrete and they are applicable for the range of parameters and materials used in this study. Coconut Shell Ash and Eggshell Powder can be formed into useful binding materials. The properties of both wastes are within the range of the values of concrete making cement replacing material. The 1% replacement of cement by Coconut Shell Ash and Eggshell Powder has found to be attaining nearer strength as like conventional concrete. This Experimental work can be used for further experiments on the potential of recycled Coconut Shell Ash and Eggshell Powder as cement for concrete. Acknowledgement The authors are thankful to Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Center, Cochin, Kerala, for providing instrumental facilities. References [1] R. Jayasankar, et.al, Studies on concrete using fly ash, rice husk ash and egg shell powder International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 1, No 3, 21 [2]Vigneshkumar Nagarajan, et.al, Experimental study on partial replacement of cement with coconut shell ash in concrete. International Journal Of Science And Research (USR) ISSN: [3]Amaranath Yerramala Properties of Concrete With Eggshell Powder as Cement Replacement The Indian Concrete Journal October (214) [4]Utsev, J.T., et.al, Coconut Shell Ash as Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement In Concrete Production International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 1, Issue 8 September (212) [5]D.Gowsika, et.al, Experimental Investigation of Eggshell Powder as Partial Replacement with Cement in Concrete International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 14 Number 2 August 214. [6]Praveen Kumar. R, et.al Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Egg Shell Powder International Journal of Innovation in Engineering and Technology (IJIET). [7]Sargunan. K Experimental investigation of egg shell powder as partial replacement with cement in concrete. (International Journal Of Engineering Trends And Technology (IJETT) Volume 14 Number 2-Aug 214). Okonkwo, et.al The effects of eggshell ash on strength properties of cement stabilized lateritic (International journal of sustainable construction engineering & technology (ISSN : ) Volume 3. Issue 1, 212) 161