Forage Development Program in Dairy Demo Farms In KPSP Saluyu Kuningan & KPGS Cikajang Garut. Luki Abdullah & Co Daatselar

Transcription

1 Forage Development Program in Dairy Demo Farms In KPSP Saluyu Kuningan & KPGS Cikajang Garut Luki Abdullah & Co Daatselar

2 In Site Condition of Feed Condition before DIFS-Lives Project Concentrate portion in ration was very high as compensation to less available high forage quality Fluctuated production & quality forage due to season Unstable nutrient intake High use of rice straw & tofu waste Farmers have limited knowledge in high quality forage varieties

3 In Site Condition of Feed Condition before DIFS-Lives Project Forage production has not been systemized low availability Farmers look for grass to the far & lose time to take care of cows Farmers do not calculate the cost for labor & transportation Forage preservation had not been applied Farmers need additional knowledge about production management & forage processing

4 DIFS-Lives Forage Development Programs Objectives : Introduce forge species that profitable for farmer, Implement efficient forage production & nursery management in limited land Training of Trainer for farmers Implement forage preservation (silage) Develop management production & business of silage at coops and farmer levels

5 Activities of Forage Development Programs 1. Identify forage supply in site 2. Test forage species & select the suitable species for farmers & dairy cattle 3. Production of selected forage species in larger scale 4. Production of forage plant materials for multiplication 5. Training (forage production, silage making) 6. Silage production and business 7. Equipment & operational assistance for forage production & silage

6 Provision of equipment for forage & silage production Forage seed plants (9 spesies) Operasional budget for forage plant nursery 320 blue drums for silo 6 pcs mobile chopper 6 pcs silage press tool Introduce forage seeds

7 Introduction of forage species 9 species planted & selected suitable for farming management Land preparation Saluyu Cikajang

8 Forage Plant Plots in Demo Farm

9 Forage Evaluation in Demo Farm

10 Average & Cumulative Selected Forage Production Saluyu Cikajang Forage plants DM Production (ton ha -1 ) Cumulative Production DM (ton ha -1 tahun -1 ) Indigofera 5.36 ± ± 1.20 Mulato 6.00 ± ± 1.10 Odot 4.18 ± ± 5.15 RG. Taiwan 8.82 ± ± 0.55 Indigofera 5.53 ± ± 2.98 Mulato 7.11 ± ± 3.74 Odot 6.57 ± ± 1.34 RG. Taiwan 6.26 ± ± 4.42

11 Average Nutrient Content of Selected Forage in Saluyu & Cikajang Nutrient Content (%) Forages DM Ash EE CP CF NFE TDN* Indigofera Kuningan Mulato Odot RG. Taiwan Indigofera Garut Mulato Odot RG. Taiwan

12 Training for Farmers Saluyu & Cikajang

13

14 Silage Making in Saluyu Using Blue Drums Silo

15 Silage Making in Cikajang Using Blue Drums

16

17 At begining requirement of corn stover 4-5 ton, Agustus ton In Saluyu cooperative manages silage materials supply Some farmers purchase & grow corn for silage Number and type of silo increase

18 Silage Evaluation

19 Seeds procurement Being evaluated, some of seeds are distributed to farmer in Saluyu & Cikajang Mulato seeds was not perform in germination <30%

20 In site ration system in Cigeureung, Kuningan NAPIER GRASS CV. TAIWAN energy, vit INDIGOFERA protein, mineral, vit MULATO GRASS energy, mineral

21 Sorghum trial

22 Student Community Service in Garut

23 Forage Plant Material development & Forage Utilization

24 Feed Development Program Impact Before Project High used of rice straw led to high concentrate portion (in efficient feed cost) Farmers recognized only elephant & local grass Farmer looked for grass from the far away Never known silage, lack of forage during drought season After Project Demo farms use selected grass & silage instead of rice straw (reduce use of rice straw) reduce concentrate Farmers understand the significants of 9 forage plants and select 4 superior forages, Farmers have their own forage garden Farmer has stock of preserved forage (corn silage)

25 Before Project Estrus periode after partus days Pregnancy rate (3-4 heads from 10 heads)-- Kuningan Placenta was hard to get out 3-5 days after partus (stink, infection) Feed bank always dirty, feed rest Low margin due to high feed cost Low milk production persistence (5-6 month) No inspiring farmer in feed improvement Setelah proyek Estrus post partus shorter (50-60 days Pregnancy rate increase (6-8 heads of 10 (pak Suta, pak Iwan) Placenta out 2-5 hours after partus Feed bank clean ( if silage is given) Sapi lebih sehat dan sejahtera Increase revenue Rp thousands/lact cow/month Milk production periode longer 7-8 months) with still high milk production There are farmers inspire others to improve feeding management

26 Economics of whole plant maize, green concentrate and making of silage

27 Focus on whole plant maize and Indigofera Whole plant maize is useful: In dry season when less or even no fresh grass is available In most cases maize as maize silage If time is too limited to collect enough fresh grass Both green maize and maize silage possible Indigofera is rich in crude protein (CP) Good combination with maize: maize has high energy content (TDN) but low CP Maize and Indigofera are quite stable in quality

28 Quality maize and Indigofera compared with some other fodders Fodder % DM % TDN in DM % CP in DM Price in IDR / kg Price in IDR/kg CP Rice Straw ,048 King grass young ,667 Maize silage ,095 Green chopped maize ,000 Tofu waste ,857 Low quality concentrate ,667 Indigofera ,667 High quality concentrate ,316 Corn Gluten Feed ,429 Soybean meal ,667

29 Information sources for the economic calculations on whole plant maize and Indigofera Whole plant maize: Crop growing: Pioneer, Pak Akhmad (Cikajang) Silage making: Coop Malang, field data Maize corn + stover: Pioneer, Pak Akhmad (Cikajang) Indigofera: IPB Bogor (Pak Luki), Pak Eko (Garut)

30 Variable costs: seeds (maize) Gross margin calculation fertilizer + pesticides labour for harvest other labour (land cultivation, planting, crop care) For dried Indigofera also transport to dryer, labour and material during drying Fixed costs Seedlings Indigofera Labour land cultivation and planting Indigofera Part of fertilizer for Indigofera No costs for land (rent) included

31 1 ha maize, 1 harvest Costs Gross margin calculation whole plant maize Amount Unit Unit price (IDR) Total amount (1,000 IDR) Seed 20 bags 60,000 1,200 Fertilizer + pesticides 4,550 Labour excl. Harvest 48 man-days 100,000 4,800 Labour harvest 12.5 man-days 100,000 1,250 Total costs kg 358 Revenues 33,000 kg ,800 Gross margin crop grower ha 8,000

32 Gross margin calculation Indigofera (1) Less experience and data available than with other crops, so figures less certain Each four years replanting In first year 8 harvests, in other years 9 harvests So 35 harvests in 4 years Yield in first year 55-60% of yield in later years Variation in yield of fresh product per harvest: 20 ton/ha is possible (good growing conditions) 12 ton/ha rather comparable with same types of crops, e.g. Leucaena Yield (mass) of dried product is 25% of fresh yield Some losses during drying so yield dried product is set at 22% of fresh product

33 Gross margin calculation Indigofera (2) Gross margin after first year (plants in full production) 1 ha Indigofera, 1 harvest Costs Amount Unit Unit price (IDR) Total amount (1,000 IDR) Seedlings (1 / 35) 10,000 apiece 1, Fertiliser + pesticides 228 Labour excl. harvest 4.2 man-days 100, Labour harvest 3 man-days 100, Transport and drying 2,640 kg 1,135 2,696 Total costs kg 1,575 4,158 Revenues 2,640 kg 3,500 9,240 Gross margin crop grower ha 5,082

34 Gross margin calculation Indigofera (3) Gross margin calculations for different yields per harvest Selling price fresh/green product: 400 IDR/kg Selling price dried product: 3,500 IDR/kg Margins per single harvest: xx Yield/ha kg Fresh/green product Margin/ha (1,000 IDR) Margin/kg (IDR) Yield/ha kg Dried product Margin/ha (1,000 IDR) Margin/kg (IDR) 8,000 1, ,760 2,852 1,620 12,000 3, ,640 5,082 1,925 20,000 6, ,400 9,545 2,169

35 Gross margin per year for crop grower (1) Number of 2.5 harvests/year for whole plant maize to ensure quality; maize corn + stover set at 2 harvests/year Maize for corn + stover has lower margin than whole plant maize 6,000 kg corn at 2,500 IDR/kg; 27,000 kg stover, 200 IDR/kg Labour costs included in margins at 100,000 IDR per man-day Margin per harvest (1000 IDR/ha) Harvests per year Mandays labour per year Gross margin/ha /year (1000 IDR) Maize whole plant 8, ,000 Maize corn + stover 5, ,960 Indigofera fresh (12 t) 3, / ,053 Indigofera dried (2.6 t) 5, / ,745

36 TERIMA KASIH