Source of Beef Nutrition Information. Beef Herd Management - Nutrition. Nutrition Goals and Tips. Nutrition Goals and Tips. Nutrition Goals and Tips

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1 Beef Herd Management - Nutrition Source of Beef Nutrition Information W. Mark Hilton, DVM, Diplomate ABVP Beef Cattle Practice Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette, IN hiltonw@purdue.edu NAHMS 2008 Management Strategies that Impact Profitability Variable % variation R 2 B Feed cost, $ Depreciation cost, $ Operating Cost, $ Calf weight, lb Capital charge, $ Calf price, $/cwt Weaning percentage Herd size Research results from an analysis of 225 SPA data sets collected in Illinois and Iowa. R 2 = the percent of herd-to-herd variation in profit determined by each factor. Example 56.7% of the herd-to-herd variation in profit is due to feed cost Only 4.6% ( ) of the variation in profit is due to calf weight B = this number is the change in profit resulting from an increase of one unit of that given variable. 1. Beef cows need to fit the environment you have Miller A and Knipe R. Characteristics of high profit cow herds. Improving the Competitiveness of the Illinois Beef Industry, March The more the cow grazes (grass, stalks, stockpiled forage) the less $$ it costs to feed her, AND the more profit for producer. 3. You can starve the profit out of a cow, but you can also feed her so much that you starve the profit from the operation. Dave Koch quote cattle practice) 1

2 Nutritional requirements Weaning the calf at days enhances fertility because: cow goes into winter in better flesh she calves in better flesh rebreeds more quickly cow can utilize low cost forages or crop residues (saves $$) calf is fed directly which is more economical 4. Know what you have as to feedstuff quality and quantity. Test all forages. Testing feedstuffs and balancing rations will save an average of $25/cow/year Many easy-to-use ration formulation programs available Great value-added service for you to provide. Be sure to document savings. Pop Quiz What % of your CC clients routinely test feedstuffs hay, silage, co-products for nutrient content? What % of your clients feed a nutritionally balanced diet to their cows? Who formulates the ration? Is this ideal with a $2500 cow nursing a $1000 calf How do they know it is balanced and costeffective? AABP Preconference Seminar Beef Cow Nutrition Basic/Intermediate Beef Cow Nutrition - Intermediate/Advanced September 12 and 13, 2016 Charlotte, NC, USA 5. It IS legal to feed corn, other grains and/or by-product feeds to beef cows. Utilize feedstuffs based on cost/unit of nutrient. (spreadsheet at cattle practice) 2

3 Feedstuff Lb/unit $/unit % % TDN DM % CP DM DM TDN price/ton CP price/ton wet corn gluten 2000 $ $ $ Tall Fescue hay 2000 $ $ $ Corn stalk bales 2000 $ $ $ 1, mod wet DGS 2000 $ $ $ Corn Silage 2000 $ $ $ 1, dry corn gluten 2000 $ $ $ Dry Corn 56 $ $ $ 1, DDGS 2000 $ $ $ soybean hulls 2000 $ $ $ 1, wet DGS 2000 $ $ $ Mixed grass hay 2000 $ $ $ 1, Mix $ $ $ Alfalfa- mid bl 2000 $ $ $ 1, soybean meal 2000 $ $ $ Sweet Pro 16* 2000 $ 1, $ 1, $ 6, Breed up $ $ 1, $ 5, BGF $ $ 1, $ 3, Breed up $ $ 1, $ 4, Loomix Ore-bac 2000 $ $ 1, $ 5, Feedstuff Lb/unit $/unit % % TDN DM % CP DM DM TDN price/ton CP price/ton mod wet DGS 2000 $ $ $ DDGS 2000 $ $ $ wet DGS 2000 $ $ $ wet corn gluten 2000 $ $ $ dry corn gluten 2000 $ $ $ Tall Fescue hay 2000 $ $ $ soybean meal 2000 $ $ $ Mix $ $ $ Alfalfa- mid bl 2000 $ $ $ 1, soybean hulls 2000 $ $ $ 1, Corn stalk bales 2000 $ $ $ 1, Corn Silage 2000 $ $ $ 1, Dry Corn 56 $ $ $ 1, Mixed grass hay 2000 $ $ $ 1, BGF $ $ 1, $ 3, Breed up $ $ 1, $ 4, Loomix Ore-bac 2000 $ $ 1, $ 5, Breed up $ $ 1, $ 5, Sweet Pro 16* 2000 $ 1, $ 1, $ 6, Bred heifer ration book value actual need Date 12/1-2/15 12/1-2/15 Corn gluten Silage Limestone Salt Grass hay 4 4 Cracked corn 8 10 Balancer gain (-50#) 0.75 (+56#) (by 116#) consumption 58% 71% energy 65% 100% protein 84% 113% Lactating heifer ration book value actual need Date 2/15-4/20 2/15-4/20 Corn gluten Silage Limestone Salt Grass hay Cracked corn Balancer gain 0.36 (+23) (by 27#) 0.75 (+50) consumption 84% 100% energy 90% 100% protein 114% 108% book value Bred/lactating heifer ration actual need Date 12/1-2/15 2/15-4/20 12/1-2/15 2/15-4/20 Corn gluten Silage Limestone Salt Grass hay Cracked corn Balancer (by 143#) gain (+116) 0.75(+27) consumption 58% 84% 71% 100% energy 65% 90% 100% 100% protein 84% 114% 113% 108% 6. We are not feeding cattle. We are feeding rumen microorganisms. Make changes slowly if feeding starch. cattle practice) 3

4 Backgrounding ration - calves starting # Date calf weight 400 pounds fed lbs Ingredient Grass hay - 2nd cut 7 Poor quality hay (free choice) cracked corn 1 dry gluten 4 7. Many cow-calf producers are not comfortable formulating backgrounding calf rations. Help them and have a win-win situation Lowe's Gluten Base w/rum 0.33 trace mineral salt limestone % Consumption 93 ADG - energy 1.92 % Crude Protein 16.7 Ca:P 2.91 % Sulfur 0.39 ionophore concentration 184 cost/head/day $ 0.76 cost/lb of gain $ 0.40 Backgrounding ration - calves starting # Date calf weight pounds fed lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs Ingredient Grass hay - 2nd cut Poor quality hay (free choice) cracked corn dry gluten Lowe's Gluten Base w/rum trace mineral salt 0.02 limestone % Consumption ADG - energy % Crude Protein Ca:P % Sulfur ionophore concentration cost/head/day $ 0.76 $ 0.87 $ 0.95 $ 1.02 $ 1.03 $ 1.21 $ 1.24 cost/lb of gain $ 0.40 $ 0.39 $ 0.40 $ 0.40 $ 0.40 $ 0.42 $ 0.44 Added notes Don t ASSume anything! 1. All hay is fed free choice and this is an expected intake. From now on we would like the first 2 weeks of hay to be fed in the bunk. 2. Take 4 days to transition from what you are feeding now to what we have proposed for the 12/20 ration 3. As you move from one ration to the next, remember to never increase corn more than 0.5#/head/day. So, on moving from ration 12/20 to 1/3, feed 3.5# corn/head/day on 1/2 and then feed 4.0#/head/day on 1/3/14. Note that as you go later in the feeding period we increase corn by up to 2.5#/head. Take 5 days to make this jump. 4. Dates are approximate dates. If cattle clean up feed quickly and want more for 3 days in a row, move to next ration regardless of date. I really expect cattle to be ahead of schedule on this chart. For example, I think on 2/5/14, cattle will already be on 2/14/14 ration. Write dates on sheet when you actually move to the next ration. This will help for future years. 5. As you increase corn to 10#/head/day, switch to whole, shelled corn for best results and continue with corn fed this way. 6. Before you move to the self feeder, make sure cattle are leaving some feed in the bunk every day for 5 days in a row. This will assure the cattle are truly on full feed. 7. The 4/25/14 ration is for making a ton of feed to put in self feeder. 8. On 3/20/14 the Lowe's Gluten Base W/ rumensin was added IN PLACE OF the Moorman Fdlt BP min RU13. Only feed the Lowe's product, NOT both Boyden Backgrounding ration 15-Nov 29-Nov 13-Dec 27-Dec 10-Jan2 day presale Week Current calf wt pounds fed/head/day lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs lbs Ingredient Alfalfa hay 5 Corn silage DDGS Cracked corn grass hay Balancer with Rumensin trace mineral salt % Consumption ADG % Crude Protein Ca:P % Sulfur ionophore concentration cost/head/day $ 1.53 $ 2.15 $ 2.28 $ 2.50 $ 2.73 $ 2.78 $ 2.87 $ 2.56 cost/lb of gain $ 1.00 $ 0.77 $ 0.82 $ 0.85 $ 0.93 $ 0.95 $ 1.00 $ 0.99 Notes: All places with grass hay is assumed fed free choice You don't need the alfalfa hay as the DDGS supplies all the protein. When I add the alfalfa, gain goes down because the ration has so much roughage. The added protein in the alfalfa may make the calves loose, so don't use here. As calves clean up the ration 2 days in a row, move to next ration regardless of date. Impact $16,170 cattle practice) 4

5 Most Common Nutrition Errors 1.Underfeeding energy in pregnant, pre-calving 2 year-olds. 2. Overfeeding protein in the winter. Most hay will be adequate in protein. Test it to be sure. 3. Creep feeding spring (or winter) born calves for >30 days. 4. Buying fancy mineral mixes to solve other nutritional or management deficiencies. Quote from Feed Company Newsletter Today mineral nutrition is the most overlooked profit maker in the cattle industry. A properly formulated and balanced mineral program will give you a better return on your investment than any other production related item you can invest in. It s very common to see conception rates on mineral deficient herds running 72-77%. 95% rates are very achievable when cows are on a year around, balanced mineral nutrition program. cattle practice) 5

6 Mineral Nutrition Cows need minerals Adding mineral where a cow is deficient will improve health, productivity, profit Will not cure other problems Goal is to give the cow all she needs, but no more Are some NRC requirements out of date? Yes, and new program coming soon! 5. Tradition dictates everything. Never be the first to try the new, nor the last to lay aside the tried and true. DDGS, soy hulls, etc. 12/22-3/22 3/23-4/20 Stage of production 3rd Trimester Early Lactation Options A1 B1 A1 B1 Wet Corn Gluten Back W2-2nd best Watts Barn -3rd best Back H1 -lowest Watts Out -best 43.5 Limestone 0.1 Salt /22-3/22 3/23-4/20 Stage of production 3rd Trimester Early Lactation Options A1 B1 A1 B1 Wet Corn Gluten 28.7 Back W2-2nd best Watts Barn -3rd best 5 Back H1 -lowest Watts Out -best 43.5 Limestone Salt % Consumption 100 Net energy req. 105 Net protein req. 166 Projected ADG/day 1.09 Crude Protein 22.9 % Consumption Net energy req Net protein req Projected ADG/day Crude Protein cost/head/day $2.19 cost/head/day $2.19 $ /22-3/22 3/23-4/20 Stage of production 3rd Trimester Early Lactation Options A1 B1 A1 B1 Wet Corn Gluten Back W2-2nd best Watts Barn -3rd best Back H1 -lowest Watts Out -best 49 Limestone 0.06 Salt /22-3/22 3/23-4/20 Stage of production 3rd Trimester Early Lactation Options A1 B1 A1 B1 Wet Corn Gluten 34.7 Back W2-2nd best Watts Barn -3rd best 5 Back H1 -lowest Watts Out -best 49 Limestone Salt % Consumption 100 Net energy req. 101 Net protein req. 140 Projected ADG/day 0.06 Crude Protein 22.9 % Consumption Net energy req Net protein req Projected ADG/day Crude Protein cost/head/day $2.46 cost/head/day $2.46 $0.75 cattle practice) 6

7 Amount Saved 11/6-12/21 12/22-3/22 3/23-4/20 2nd Trimester 3rd Trimester Early Lactation $1,485 $8,208 $2,737 *these numbers are based on 60 cows fed in spring herd 6. Feeding excessive nutrients to a group so that a few thin cows become adequate BCS. Sometimes cows are asking to leave the herd. Savings for Spring Herd $12,430 Total Feed Savings $23,362 (spring and fall herds ~ 125 cows) plus sold $7,000 of hay 7. Full Feeding Hay Minimize Hay Waste Access Time, hr. Item Wt. change, lb Hay disappearance (% change) 100 (0) 95.6 (- 4.4) 82.4 (- 17.6) 62.8 (- 37.2) Total Consumption (lb, as-fed) HQ grass hay LQ grass hay Mixed hay 5 HQ hay (56.7% TDN, 17.1% CP) 0 1 hr 2 hr 4 hr ~10 ~17 (~22@3) ~25 LQ hay (47.3% TDN, 8.1% CP) 4 cattle practice) 7

8 Build a Hay Feeding Pad 94 x 34 pad 3 rings 48 cows ~$3200 Round Bale Feeding Pad Feeders together Option to move all feeders together One feeder ~10 with 16 openings Lose 3-4 spots on ends and 6-8 in middle Example of 4 feeders, 16 slots each Minus 3-4 spots on 2 ends, minus 6-8 spots in 2 middle feeders 64 spots (2x4) (2x8) = 40 spots Hay pad size = 10 for feeder + 10 on each side x 30 pad 4 rings cows ~$1800 cattle practice) 8

9 Nutrition Rules of Thumb Nutrition Rules of Thumb 1. Corn stalk grazing 1 acre/cow/45 days Can generally graze for 60 days with no other feed 2. One Body Condition Score 0-9 scale (BCS) # (35-45kg). Take Home Message Nutrition Rules of Thumb 3. Beef rations: High forage diet process corn moderately High grain diet minimal process of corn Beef clients would like help with nutrition Many waste a lot of hay explain alternatives If you want to add nutrition consultation to your business you can charge a fair price for this service and make/save your clients thousands of dollars/year with this service AABP Preconference Seminar Beef Cow Nutrition Basic/Intermediate Beef Cow Nutrition - Intermediate/Advanced September 12 and 13, 2016 Charlotte, NC, USA cattle practice) 9