Nutrient content of manure
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1 Nutrient content of manure On average 1 ton of cow manure has the NPK values equivalent to 100 lbs of ie: 12 lbs actual N, 3 lbs P 9 lbs K Ton of = 240 lbs N 120 lbs P 180 lbs K
2 Average Manure Nutrient Values Cow Horse: Sheep & Goat: Hog: Chicken Bat Guano
3 Hot manure: high in nitrogen such as horse and sheep manure. Cow and pig subject to fermentation, relatively wet and has lower levels of nitrogen (cold manures) Urines of most animals contain more N and K Manure adds trace elements and OM to soil. 80% of nutrients taken in by dairy cows are voided Horse Manure
4 Handling Manures If applying fresh manure, till in immediately. Do not apply fresh manures in the garden unless it is tilled in at least 4 weeks before planting. To slow the loss of nutrients if the manure must be stored, cover pile.
5 Decomposition Changes Urine portion converts to ammonia The insoluble N in the solid portion will also start to produce ammonia.
6 Decomposition Changes Bacteria will use some N to break down the organic matter. This N will be available again after the bacteria die and decompose. (this N is soluble )
7 Decomposition Changes As the manure decomposes, lignin, cellulose and other carbohydrates break down and release carbon dioxide & hydrogen into the air resulting a shrinkage of the pile by 25 50% 50%
8 Companions
9 Companion Planting Opening words of the book : The magic and mystery of companion planting have intrigued and fascinated humans for centuries, yet it is a part of the gardening world that has never been fully explored.
10 What is the basic premise of companion planting? The basic idea behind companion planting is both simple and sensible: many plants grow better near some companions than they do near others or when alone.
11 What is the basic premise of companion planting? not just for vegetable gardens improve the use of space reduce the number of weeds and garden pests provide protection from heat, wind, and snow. increased yield. repel pests
12 Examples of companion planting intercropping (tomatoes/ lettuce, 33 sisters) cover crops nurse crop (onions/rye) alleopathy (rare) repellants nutrient requirements plant compatibility? (research)
13 New Jersey studies: Peppers with companion plants (buckwheat, dill and coriander) Predation of ECB egg masses on peppers was measured Predators included: lacewings pirate bugs, ladybird beetles Measurements were taken before and after companion plants were flowering. Level of Predation Before Lady beetles 27% 39% Lacewings (L) 07% 13% Pirate Bug 03% 04% After flowering Worked better later in season and there were multiple releases
14 Research Results Claim: Planting basil with tomatoes will improve tomato flavor. (Riotte( 1975) Research results: No measurable difference
15 Claim: Tomatoes and brassicas are antagonistic toward each other (Riotte( Riotte) Result: No difference in plant sizes between monoculture v.s. growing together.
16 Claim: Radishes grow well with beans. Results: Radishes grown in combination with beans were stunted and slower to mature than those grown in monoculture.
17 Some Positive scientific research findings on Companion Planting Fewer flea beetles bother crucifers if inter planted with tomato. Volatiles interfere with finding host plant (Tahvanainen & Rott 1972)
18 Imported cabbage worms are greater on cabbages surrounded by tomato than when grown in monoculture (Bach & Tabishnik 1990, MaGuire 1984)
19 Cabbage intercropped with clover has lower weight but higher quality than in monoculture ( Theunissen et al 1995)
20 Fewer cabbage aphids found when inter cropped planting versus in monoculture (Dempster and Coaker 1974)
21 Ground beetles and harvest spiders prey on catepillars at a higher rate in polycultures (Dempster and Coaker 1974)
22 Watering: Why is this important in organic gardening? Avoiding plant stress Disease management Weed management
23 Irrigation Considerations How much water is the plant using? How much water can the soil hold? How much water can you apply at any given time? How much rain have you received? Evapo transpiration Moisture conservation efforts
24 How much is enough? About 1 /week 1 needed for most plants 623 gals/1000 sq. ft. of area)
25 Advantage of using drip hoses
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