Serbia is ranked 55th in the GII 2018, moving up 7 positions from the previous year.
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- Charity McKinney
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1 Serbia 55 th Serbia is ranked 55th in the GII 2018, moving up 7 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Serbia s ranking over time 1. Serbia s ranking over time GII Input Output Efficiency Over the last three years Serbia has improved in innovation inputs, reaching the 56th position this year, up from the 58rd in 2017 and 68th in Its rank in innovation outputs improves too, ranking 58th this year, up 3 spots from last year and 5 from Serbia places 57th globally in the Innovation Efficiency Ratio, moving up from the 67th position it held last year and the 70th in Such advancement in the Efficiency Ratio is partly influenced by the improved ranking in innovation outputs. It shows that the country is becoming increasingly efficient in translating its innovation inputs into more outputs. 11 th Serbia is ranked 11th among the 34 upper-middle-income countries in the GII th Serbia is ranked 35th among the 39 countries in Europe. 1 Note that year-on-year comparisons of the GII ranks are imperfect and influenced by changes in the GII model and data availability.
2 Benchmarking Serbia to other upper-middle-income countries and the Europe region Serbia s scores by area Upper-middle-income countries Serbia has high scores in 5 of the 7 GII areas Institutions, Human Capital & Research, Infrastructure, Knowledge & Technology Outputs, and Creative Outputs, in which it scores above the average of the uppermiddle-income group. Top scores in areas such as Business environment, Education, Information & Communication Technologies (ICTs), Knowledge impact, and Intangible assets are behind these high rankings. Europe region Compared to other countries in the Europe region, Serbia performs belowaverage in all GII areas. Serbia s innovation profile Strengths Infrastructure (48th) is the top-ranked GII area for Serbia. Here the country shows strong performance in three indicators: Government's online service (24th), E-participation (17th), and ISO environmental certificates (8th). The indicator Cost of redundancy dismissal ranks 1st in the world and is highlighted as a strength in Institutions (50th). Among innovation inputs, Serbia is strong also in the indicator Pupil-teacher ratio (11th) in Human Capital & Research (58th) and FDI inflows (28th) in Business Sophistication (70th). On the innovation output side, Serbia achieves comparatively strong results in Knowledge & Technology Outputs (50th), where GII strengths lie in three indicators Scientific & technical articles (5th), ISO 9001 quality certificates (7th), and ICT services exports (21st). In Creative Outputs (64th), the newly-introduced indicator Mobile app creation (15th) presents a strong performance for Serbia. Weaknesses Serbia demonstrates most of its relative weaknesses on the innovation input side, among four of the five GII input areas.
3 Market Sophistication (101st), the lowest-ranked GII area for Serbia, is signaled as a GII weakness. Here the country performs rather weakly in the area Trade, competition & market scale (102nd) as well as in the indicators Microfinance gross loans (63rd) and Intensity of local competition (107th). In Human Capital & Research (58th), two indicators Government funding per pupil (80th) and Global R&D companies expenditures (40th) are marked as GII weaknesses. Moreover, two indicators Gross capital formation (99th) and GDP per unit of energy use (95th) rank rather weakly within Infrastructure (48th). Only one indicator High-tech imports (101st) is relatively weak within Business Sophistication (70th). On the innovation output side, two of the three GII weaknesses are found in Knowledge & Technology Outputs (50th), where Serbia performs relatively weakly in the indicators Productivity growth (103rd) and Computer software spending (104th). In Creative Outputs (64th) Serbia shows weak performance in only one indicator ICTs & business model creation (92nd). The following figure presents a summary of Serbia s ranks in the 7 GII areas, as well as the overall rank in the GII Serbia s rank in the GII 2018 and the 7 GII areas Rank 1 is the highest possible in each pillar Total number of countries: 126
4 Expected vs. Observed Innovation Performance The GII bubble chart shows the relationship between income levels (GDP per capita) and innovation performance (GII score). The depicted trendline gives an indication of the expected innovation performance at different levels of income. Countries located above the trendline are performing better that what would be expected based on their income level. Countries below the line are Innovation Under-performers relative to GDP. Relative to GDP, Serbia performs above its expected level of development.
5 Missing and Outdated Data More and better data improves the ability of a country to understand its strengths and weaknesses and give policymakers greater capacity to plan and adapt public policies accordingly. The GII 2018 covers 126 countries that complied with the minimum indicator coverage of 35 indicators in the Innovation Input Sub-Index (66%) and 18 indicators in the Innovation Output Sub-Index (66%). The following tables show data for Serbia that is not available or that is outdated. Missing Data Code Indicator Country Year Model Year Venture capital deals/bn PPP$ GDP n/a Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, % n/a Entertainment & Media market/th pop n/a 2016 Source Thomson Reuters, Thomson One Banker Private Equity, SDC Platinum World Bank, World Development Indicators PwC's Global Entertainment and Media Outlook, Outdated Data Code Indicator Country Model Year Year Source PISA scales in reading, maths & science OECD PISA Market capitalization, % GDP World Bank, World Development Indicators
6 SERBIA GII 2018 rank 55 Output rank Input rank Income Region Efficiency ratio Population (mn) GDP, PPP$ GDP per capita, PPP$ GII 2017 rank Upper-middle EUR , Score/Value Rank Score/Value Rank Institutions Business sophistication Political environment Political stability & safety* Government effectiveness* Regulatory environment Regulatory quality* Rule of law* Cost of redundancy dismissal, salary weeks Business environment Ease of starting a business* Ease of resolving insolvency* Human capital & research Education Expenditure on education, % GDP Government funding/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap School life expectancy, years PISA scales in reading, maths & science Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary Tertiary education Tertiary enrolment, % gross Graduates in science & engineering, % Tertiary inbound mobility, % Research & development (R&D) Researchers, FTE/mn pop.... 2, Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP Global R&D companies, top 3, mn US$ QS university ranking, average score top 3* Infrastructure Information & communication technologies (ICTs) ICT access* ICT use* Government s online service* E-participation* General infrastructure Electricity output, kwh/cap...5, Logistics performance* Gross capital formation, % GDP Ecological sustainability GDP/unit of energy use Environmental performance* ISO environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP Market sophistication Credit Ease of getting credit* Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP Microfinance gross loans, % GDP Investment Ease of protecting minority investors* Market capitalization, % GDP Venture capital deals/bn PPP$ GDP...n/a n/a 4.3 Trade, competition, & market scale Applied tariff rate, weighted mean, %...n/a n/a Intensity of local competition Domestic market scale, bn PPP$ Knowledge workers Knowledge-intensive employment, % Firms offering formal training, % firms GERD performed by business, % GDP GERD financed by business, % Females employed w/advanced degrees, % Innovation linkages University/industry research collaboration State of cluster development GERD financed by abroad, % JV strategic alliance deals/bn PPP$ GDP Patent families 2+ offices/bn PPP$ GDP Knowledge absorption Intellectual property payments, % total trade High-tech net imports, % total trade ICT services imports, % total trade FDI net inflows, % GDP Research talent, % in business enterprise Knowledge & technology outputs Knowledge creation Patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP PCT patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP Utility models by origin/bn PPP$ GDP Scientific & technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP Citable documents H index Knowledge impact Growth rate of PPP$ GDP/worker, %...(1.9) New businesses/th pop Computer software spending, % GDP ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP High- & medium-high-tech manufactures, % Knowledge diffusion Intellectual property receipts, % total trade High-tech net exports, % total trade ICT services exports, % total trade FDI net outflows, % GDP Creative outputs Intangible assets Trademarks by origin/bn PPP$ GDP Industrial designs by origin/bn PPP$ GDP ICTs & business model creation ICTs & organizational model creation Creative goods & services Cultural & creative services exports, % total trade National feature films/mn pop Entertainment & Media market/th pop n/a n/a Printing & other media, % manufacturing Creative goods exports, % total trade Online creativity Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop Country-code TLDs/th pop Wikipedia edits/mn pop Mobile app creation/bn PPP$ GDP NOTES: indicates a strength; a weakness; an income group strength; an income group weakness; * an index; a survey question. indicates that the country s data are older than the base year; see Appendix II for details, including the year of the data, at Square brackets indicate that the data minimum coverage (DMC) requirements were not met at the sub-pillar or pillar level; see page 75 of this appendix for details. Country/Economy Profiles 177
Bulgaria is ranked 37th in the GII 2018, dropping 1 position from the previous year.
Bulgaria 37 th Bulgaria is ranked 37th in the GII 2018, dropping 1 position from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Bulgaria
More informationHungary is ranked 33rd in the GII 2018, moving up 6 positions from the previous year.
Hungary 33 rd Hungary is ranked 33rd in the GII 2018, moving up 6 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Hungary
More informationGermany is ranked 9th in the GII 2018, the same position as in 2017.
Germany 9 th Germany is ranked 9th in the GII 2018, the same position as in 2017. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Germany s ranking over
More informationSri Lanka is ranked 88th in the GII 2018, moving up 2 positions from the previous year.
Sri Lanka 88 th Sri Lanka is ranked 88th in the GII 2018, moving up 2 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Sri
More informationMalaysia is ranked 35th in the GII 2018, moving up 2 positions from the previous year.
Malaysia 35 th Malaysia is ranked 35th in the GII 2018, moving up 2 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Malaysia
More informationJamaica is ranked 81st in the GII 2018, moving up 3 positions from the previous year.
Jamaica 81 st Jamaica is ranked 81st in the GII 2018, moving up 3 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Jamaica
More informationIslamic Republic of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran 65 th The Islamic Republic of Iran is ranked 65th in the GII 2018, rising 10 positions from last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following
More informationThe GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Luxembourg s ranking over time 1.
Luxembourg 15 th Luxembourg is ranked 15th in the GII 2018, moving down 3 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects
More informationSouth Africa is ranked 58th in the GII 2018, dropping 1 position from last year.
South Africa 58 th South Africa is ranked 58th in the GII 2018, dropping 1 position from last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects South
More informationThe Netherlands is ranked 2nd in the GII 2018, moving up 1 position from the previous year.
The Netherlands 2 nd The Netherlands is ranked 2nd in the GII 2018, moving up 1 position from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects
More informationUruguay is ranked 62nd in the GII 2018, moving up 5 positions from the previous year.
Uruguay 62 nd Uruguay is ranked 62nd in the GII 2018, moving up 5 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Uruguay
More informationMexico is ranked 56th in the GII 2018, moving up 2 positions from the previous year.
Mexico 56 th Mexico is ranked 56th in the GII 2018, moving up 2 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Mexico
More informationThailand is ranked 44th in the GII 2018, moving up 7 positions from the previous year.
Thailand 44 th Thailand is ranked 44th in the GII 2018, moving up 7 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Thailand
More informationSenegal is ranked 100th in the GII 2018, the same position as last year.
Senegal 100 th Senegal is ranked 100th in the GII 2018, the same position as last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Senegal s rankings
More informationEgypt is ranked 95th in the GII 2018, moving up 10 positions from the previous year.
Egypt 95 th Egypt is ranked 95th in the GII 2018, moving up 10 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Egypt s
More informationIreland is ranked 10th in the GII 2018, same position as the previous year.
Ireland 10 th Ireland is ranked 10th in the GII 2018, same position as the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Ireland s ranking
More informationChile is ranked 47th in the GII 2018, moving down 1 position from the previous year.
Chile 47 th Chile is ranked 47th in the GII 2018, moving down 1 position from the previous year. Chile ranks 47th in the GII this year, at the top spot in the region but down one position since last year.
More informationJapan is ranked 13th in the GII 2018, moving up 1 position from the previous year.
Japan 13 th Japan is ranked 13th in the GII 2018, moving up 1 position from the previous year. Japan continues to be among the 15 most innovative countries in the world. One of the largest world R&D spenders,
More informationFrance is ranked 16th in the GII 2018, moving down 1 position from the previous year.
France 16 th France is ranked 16th in the GII 2018, moving down 1 position from the previous year. France moved down one position this year, ranking 16th in the GII 2018. Despite this downward movement,
More informationCameroon is ranked 111th in the GII 2018, moving up 6 positions from last year.
Cameroon 111 th Cameroon is ranked 111th in the GII 2018, moving up 6 positions from last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Cameroon
More informationAustralia is ranked 20th in the GII 2018, moving up 3 positions from the previous year.
Australia 20 th Australia is ranked 20th in the GII 2018, moving up 3 positions from the previous year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Australia
More informationRwanda is ranked 99th in the GII 2018, the same position as last year.
Rwanda 99 th Rwanda is ranked 99th in the GII 2018, the same position as last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Rwanda s rankings over
More informationKuwait is ranked 60th in the GII 2018, moving down 4 positions from last year.
Kuwait 60 th Kuwait is ranked 60th in the GII 2018, moving down 4 positions from last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Kuwait s ranking
More informationNigeria is ranked 118th in the GII 2018, moving up 1 position from last year.
Nigeria 118 th Nigeria is ranked 118th in the GII 2018, moving up 1 position from last year. The GII indicators are grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. The following table reflects Nigeria s rankings
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