Quarterly Drinking Water Quality Report 1 October 2017 to 31 December 2017

Transcription

1 Quarterly Drinking Water Quality Report 1 October 2017 to 31 December 2017 Page 1 of 79

2 Contents 1 Introduction Sydney Water s system and operations Multi-barrier approach Structure of this report Catchments, storages and raw water delivery systems Catchments Storages and raw water delivery systems Prospect, Orchard Hills and Warragamba delivery system - raw water Macarthur delivery system - raw water Woronora delivery system - raw water Illawarra delivery system - raw water North Richmond delivery system - raw water Cascade delivery system - raw water Nepean delivery system - raw water Discussion of results for storages and raw water delivery systems Treatment Key parameters Prospect Water Filtration Plant Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant Macarthur Water Filtration Plant Woronora Water Filtration Plant Illawarra Water Filtration Plant North Richmond Water Filtration Plant Cascade Water Filtration Plant Nepean Water Filtration Plant Warragamba Water Filtration Plant Cryptosporidium and Giardia Other parameters Discussion of results for water treatment Raw water Treated water Distribution (Customer Supply Systems) Routine monitoring for key parameters Prospect North Customer Supply System Prospect East Customer Supply System Prospect South Customer Supply System Potts Hill Customer Supply System Ryde Customer Supply System Orchard Hills Customer Supply System Macarthur Customer Supply System Woronora Customer Supply System Illawarra Customer Supply System North Richmond Customer Supply System Cascade Customer Supply System Nepean Customer Supply System Page 2 of 79

3 Warragamba Customer Supply System Other parameters Discussion of results for Customer Supply Systems Water Quantity Data Storage Rainfall Water Consumption List of tables Table 1 Location, associated Water Filtration Plant and Water Supply System... 9 Table 2 Lake 500m up stream of Dam Wall (supplying Prospect, Orchard Hills and Warragamba WFPs) Table 3 Upper Canal at Prospect (supplying Prospect WFP only) Table 4 Prospect Lake (supplying Prospect WFP only - infrequently used) Table 5 Broughton s Pass weir (supplying Macarthur WFP) Table 6 Lake Dam Wall Table 7 Upper Avon Table 8 Nepean River (Jetty at rear of Nth Richmond WFP) Table 9 Lake Top 100m u/s dam wall Table 10 Lake Nepean Table 11 Prospect Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 12 Prospect Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 13 Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 14 Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 15 Macarthur Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 16 Macarthur Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 17 Woronora Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 18 Woronora Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 19 Illawarra Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 20 Illawarra Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 21 North Richmond Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 22 North Richmond Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 23 Cascade Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 24 Cascade Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 25 Nepean Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 26 Nepean Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 27 Warragamba Water Filtration Plant raw water Table 28 Warragamba Water Filtration Plant treated water Table 29 Cryptosporidium and Giardia confirmed results raw water Table 30 Other chemicals raw water Table 31 Pesticides and herbicides raw water Table 32 Radionuclides raw water Table 33 Other chemicals treated water Table 34 Prospect North Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 35 Prospect North Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 36 Prospect East Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 37 Prospect East Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 38 Prospect South Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 39 Prospect South Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 40 Potts Hill Customer Supply System health characteristics Page 3 of 79

4 Table 41 Potts Hill Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 42 Ryde Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 43 Ryde Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 44 Orchard Hills Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 45 Orchard Hills Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 46 Macarthur Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 47 Macarthur Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 48 Woronora Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 49 Woronora Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 50 Illawarra Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 51 Illawarra Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 52 North Richmond Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 53 North Richmond Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 54 Cascade Customer Supply System Health characteristics Table 55 Cascade Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 56 Nepean Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 57 Nepean Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 58 Warragamba Customer Supply System health characteristics Table 59 Warragamba Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Table 60 Other parameters assessed against health s distribution system Table 61 Other parameters assessed against aesthetic s Table 62 Status of individual Storages as at 30 September Page 4 of 79

5 1 Introduction Sydney Water produces this report each quarter to inform our customers about water quality, available water stored in the dams, rainfall and water consumption. This report summarises a selection of health characteristics, chosen in consultation with NSW Health and key aesthetic characteristics. This report should be viewed along with the other complementary information available on the Sydney Water website. The complementary material includes a glossary of terms and details of our systems and operations that are referenced throughout this report. In addition, Sydney Water produces fact sheets which review and summarise issues of concern to the water industry, and Q & A links to specific drinking water quality topics. WaterNSW is responsible for the management of Sydney s catchments, raw water storages and delivery systems and has provided data for this report based on the raw water quality monitoring they perform. Enquiries concerning WaterNSW can be directed to their Parramatta Office on or to the WaterNSW website. 1.1 Sydney Water s system and operations On average, Sydney Water supplies over 1.4 billion litres of drinking water daily, to over 4.8 million people in 1.8 million homes and businesses across Sydney, the Illawarra and the Blue Mountains. Households use about 70% of the water supplied and businesses use about 30%. Rainfall from catchment areas provides water, which is stored in dams (except for the North Richmond Water Filtration Plant (WFP), which draws water directly from the Hawkesbury-Nepean River), and then transported by large pipelines or canals to water filtration plants where it is treated and disinfected. The desalination plant, when operating, can provide up to 15% of Sydney's water supply. Once treated, water is distributed to consumers through 22,000 km of water pipes, 243 reservoirs and 150 pumping stations. Sydney Water s responsibility for the protection of public health falls under the Public Health Act 2010 as well as other relevant legislation. Sydney Water has a responsibility to supply safe drinking water to consumers in accordance with its Operating Licence ( ) granted by the Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal (IPART) under the Sydney Water Act Compliance is managed through a Memorandum of Understanding between NSW Health and Sydney Water. Water quality characteristics within the water supply system are compared to the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011 (ADWG). Sydney Water has adopted the Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality, as outlined in the ADWG. The ADWG were developed by the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council in consultation with the water industry. The ADWG are a part of the National Water Quality Management Strategy. The Framework applies a risk management approach to ensure that the water supplied meets both the health and aesthetic requirements of the ADWG. Water quality monitoring is undertaken to verify that the quality management systems are working. Sydney Water s water quality results are audited yearly on behalf of NSW Health and IPART. Page 5 of 79

6 For more information on Sydney Water s system and operations see the Sydney Water website. 1.2 Multi-barrier approach The ADWG Framework for Management of Drinking Water Quality uses a preventive risk management approach that encompasses all the steps in water production from the catchment to the customer. Sydney Water works collaboratively with WaterNSW to ensure that the best possible water quality is supplied to our customers. Sydney Water and WaterNSW apply a multi-barrier approach to ensure the water supply is safe (Figure 1). Catchments The first barrier in the multi-barrier approach is having an effective catchment management program. Minimising adverse impacts on water quality is achieved through actions such as managing development and land use, improvement of the environment, improvement of wastewater systems and treatment facilities, and public education. WaterNSW manages the catchments and are responsible for the monitoring of water from the inflows that supply the dam storages. Storages (Dams) These are the raw water supplies for the water filtration plants (with the exception of North Richmond WFP and Sydney Desalination Plant). Natural in-lake processes can improve the quality of raw water and therefore act as the second barrier in the water supply chain. For example, detaining water in storage dams allows sedimentation of particles and time for potentially harmful microorganisms to die-off. Water quality can vary through the depth of the storage dams. Monitoring and modelling storage conditions provides information for selecting the most appropriate storage off-take levels to supply the best quality raw water. WaterNSW manage storages and is responsible for monitoring raw water quality. Figure 1. Multi-barrier approach Delivery WaterNSW manages the raw water delivery systems that convey raw water to the water filtration plants (with the exception of North Richmond WFP and Sydney Desalination Plant). Flexibility in these delivery systems allows the use of alternative raw water supplies for many areas to ensure water demand is met with the best quality water. The raw water delivery system also allows for pretreatment (usually chlorination) if required. Pre-treatment when applied can act as a third barrier in the supply chain. Treatment Treating water at water filtration plants makes it fit for drinking and is a key barrier. Treatment removes sediment and other contaminants in the water, and removes or destroys harmful microorganisms. All plants use coagulation, flocculation, filtration and disinfection. Pretreatment with chlorine can also be applied at the inlet of Page 6 of 79

7 some water filtration plants to improve water quality. Additional treatment processes are also used at the North Richmond WFP while the desalination plant uses reverse osmosis. Fluoride is added at all plants for dental health benefits as required by the Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies Act The plants at Prospect, Appin (Macarthur), Kembla Grange (Illawarra) and Woronora were built and are owned / operated by private sector companies and together filter and disinfect about 90% of water supplied to consumers. The desalination plant at Kurnell is owned by Sydney Desalination Plant Pty Ltd (formerly a Sydney Water subsidiary but sold to the private sector in June 2012). When running, this plant can supply up to 15%, noting that the plant may not run at full capacity at all times once restarted. Sydney Water owns and operates five smaller water filtration plants (WFPs). These are Orchard Hills, Cascade, North Richmond, Nepean and Warragamba water filtration plants. To help optimise the treatment process and ensure consistently good water quality, Sydney Water and WaterNSW monitor the raw water entering the plants. Treatment processes are continuously monitored to ensure they are working appropriately. Sydney Water also verifies that the treated water meets drinking water values by undertaking compliance and operational monitoring programs. Distribution Treated water from nine water filtration plants and the Sydney Desalination plant (when operating) is supplied to thirteen customer supply systems. Sydney Water is responsible for the management and operation of the customer supply systems. Maintaining adequate chlorine or chloramine levels throughout the distribution network minimises the risks from contamination of the supply and minimises bacterial regrowth. This is assisted by hydraulic management of the system to minimise water age and to keep the water well mixed. When necessary, in-system re-chlorination is undertaken. Prevention of contamination is achieved through securing the distribution pipes and reservoir network by: roofing all reservoirs preventing backflow from individual properties into the treated drinking water having security alarms on critical assets maintaining and renewing assets adhering to established operational and maintenance procedures. Sydney Water has a comprehensive drinking water quality monitoring program in Customer Supply Systems to verify that equipment and processes are operating effectively and that the water meets required s. 1.3 Structure of this report The tables in sections 2 to 4 of this report present water quality data from the analysis of water collected from the various stages (as illustrated in Figure 1) of the water supply chain, from raw water sources, through treatment to the water supplied to the customer. Raw water monitoring is generally undertaken by WaterNSW who supply data for this report, while treatment process verification monitoring and verification of water quality supplied to customers is undertaken by Sydney Water. Page 7 of 79

8 Data is arranged according to the water treatment plant and respective customer supply systems. To determine what data are relevant to your area, Table 1 and the information about water systems on our website can be used to determine your water treatment plant and particular customer supply system. Data presented in this report are not exhaustive but are from the routine monitoring of key parameters. These data illustrate the effectiveness of the various barriers and processes to reduce contaminants and ensure the quality of the water supplied to our customers. Section 5 of this report presents water quantity, rainfall and water consumption data. The quantity and rainfall data is supplied by WaterNSW. Page 8 of 79

9 Table 1 Location, associated Water Filtration Plant and Water Supply System Your location Northern suburbs North Shore from Sydney Harbour to Palm Beach North-West Sydney Kurrajong, Richmond, Wilberforce, Windsor, Baulkham Hills, Blacktown Western suburbs Parramatta Erskine Park, Penrith, St Marys Blacktown Local government area Baulkham Hills (part), Hornsby (part), Hunters Hill, Ku-ring-gai (part), Lane Cove, Mosman, Manly, North Sydney, Parramatta (part), Pittwater, Ryde, Warringah, Willoughby Hawkesbury (part), Penrith (part) Baulkham Hills (part), Blacktown (part), Hawkesbury (part), Holroyd (part), Hornsby (part), Ku-ring-gai (part), Parramatta (part) Auburn (part), Bankstown (part), Fairfield (part), Holroyd (part), Parramatta (part) Water treatment plant Prospect North Richmond Prospect Prospect Water supply system Ryde North Richmond Prospect North Prospect East Blue Mountains (part), Penrith (part) Orchard Hills Orchard Hills Blacktown (part), Fairfield (part), Liverpool (part), Penrith (part) Inner West, Central, Southern & Eastern suburbs CBD and Eastern Suburbs south to the Georges River South of the Georges River South-West Sydney Ashfield, Auburn (part), Botany Bay, Bankstown (part), Burwood, Canterbury, Canada Bay, Hurstville, Kogarah, Leichhardt. Marrickville, Randwick, Rockdale, South Sydney, Strathfield, Sydney, Waverley, Woollahra Sutherland Prospect Can be supplied from Prospect and/or Sydney Desalination Plant Can be supplied from Prospect, Woronora and/or Sydney Desalination Plant Prospect South Potts Hill Potts Hill and / or Woronora Liverpool Liverpool (part) Prospect Prospect East Appin, Camden (part), Campbelltown, Casula Camden (part), Campbelltown, Liverpool Glenfield, Leppington, (part), Wollondilly (part) Macarthur Macarthur Minto, Narellan Oakdale, Picton, Thirlmere Camden (part), Wollondilly (part) Nepean Nepean Warragamba township Wollondilly (part) Warragamba Warragamba Blue Mountains Lower Blue Mountains, Springwood (part) to Penrith Katoomba to Springwood (part), Mt Victoria, Medlow Bath, Blackheath Illawarra Illawarra from Scarborough to Gerroa Coalcliff, Helensburgh, Stanwell Park Blue Mountains (part), Penrith (part) Orchard Hills Orchard Hills Blue Mountains (part) Cascade Cascade Kiama, Shellharbour and Wollongong (except Helensburgh and Stanwell Park) Illawarra Illawarra Wollongong (part) Woronora Woronora Page 9 of 79

10 2 Catchments, storages and raw water delivery systems WaterNSW supplies bulk raw water from its storages to Sydney Water according to the Raw Water Supply Agreement (RWSA), which was renewed in October The catchments are the source of raw water stored in WaterNSW storages (dams). Under the risk-based approach, the first step to reduce the potential for water contamination and hence protect water quality is to maintain healthy catchments and manage external impacts on them. WaterNSW works with the community, other government agencies, local councils, industry bodies, environment groups and landholders to manage and protect the catchment areas. WaterNSW is responsible for managing the water stored in the dams, selecting good quality water for treatment, and managing the transport and delivery systems for bulk raw water. Water for the North Richmond WFP and supply system is sourced directly from the Hawkesbury-Nepean River. 2.1 Catchments Routine monitoring of catchment streams is used to assess the quality of water within the catchments. Monitoring results provide an indication of environmental water quality, such as the health of each sub-catchment and any changes to water quality over time. Identifying contaminants within catchment waters provides early warning of potential raw water quality problems and assists in the management of catchment lands to improve catchment health. Not all contaminants identified in catchment waterways are considered a significant risk to the drinking water supply. In-stream processes, including dilution, sedimentation, oxidation or biodegradation may reduce the concentration of these contaminants to acceptable levels before reaching raw water storages. As the results of catchment water-way monitoring are not immediately relevant to drinking water quality they have not been included in this report but can be found in WaterNSW s Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report on the WaterNSW website. 2.2 Storages and raw water delivery systems WaterNSW monitors water quality in the storages (dams) to help identify and target possible contamination sources. Monitoring in the storages also informs management actions, the selection of water sources and the depth of raw water extraction to optimise raw water quality supplied for treatment. Monitoring in the raw water delivery system and at the inflow to the water filtration plants helps to inform treatment operations, and verifies that the raw water delivered to the water filtration plants meets agreed quality and can be treated to meet the requirements of the ADWG. Monitoring of the raw water in the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, the source of raw water supplying North Richmond WFP, is undertaken by Sydney Water. The data presented in Table 2 to Table 10 is not exhaustive but shows results for the key parameters from storage and raw water delivery system sites in close to where water is extracted for treatment. Results for monitoring undertaken by WaterNSW at Page 10 of 79

11 the inflow to the water filtration plants are not presented here but data for Sydney Water s monitoring of the same sites are presented. There are no relevant s for the detection of indicator organisms in the raw water storages or raw water delivery systems. WaterNSW and Sydney Water have established their own agreed action levels that are used to trigger further investigation of possible faecal contamination, based on an understanding of system characteristics and historical information. Reference levels for other parameters are based on the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines 2011and Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality, ANZECC, Page 11 of 79

12 2.2.1 Prospect, Orchard Hills and Warragamba delivery system - raw water Table 2 Lake 500m up stream of Dam Wall (supplying Prospect, Orchard Hills and Warragamba WFPs) Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA 70 <1 < < Giardia cysts/10l NA 76 <1 <1 <1 309 <1 <1 <1 Cryptosporidium oocysts/10l NA 76 <1 <1 <1 309 <1 <1 <1 turbidity NTU NA Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < < < manganese mg/l < < True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 12 of 79

13 Table 3 Upper Canal at Prospect (supplying Prospect WFP only) Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA Giardia cysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 33 <1 <1 1 Cryptosporidium oocysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 33 <1 <1 13 turbidity NTU NA Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l NA iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < manganese mg/l NA True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. The Upper Canal was off-line during parts of the months in October, November and December 2016 and April-Sept 2017, hence only 5 being taken for the year. Page 13 of 79

14 Table 4 Prospect Lake (supplying Prospect WFP only - infrequently used) Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA 2 <1 <1 <1 12 < Giardia cysts/10l NA 13 <1 <1 <1 42 <1 <1 <1 Cryptosporidium oocysts/10l NA 13 <1 <1 <1 42 <1 <1 <1 turbidity NTU NA Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 14 of 79

15 2.2.2 Macarthur delivery system - raw water Table 5 Broughton s Pass weir (supplying Macarthur WFP) Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA Giardia* cysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA Cryptosporidium* oocysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA turbidity NTU NA < Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < manganese mg/l NA * Cryptosporidium and Giardia are monitored at this site on an as needs basis in response to certain events. Monitoring is also done at the raw water inflow to each water filtration plant, which provides an indication of the raw water quality immediately before treatment. Results for the raw water are presented in Section 3, Treatment. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 15 of 79

16 2.2.3 Woronora delivery system - raw water Table 6 Lake Dam Wall Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA 27 <1 < < Giardia* cysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA Cryptosporidium* oocysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA turbidity NTU NA 172 < < Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l iron mg/l < < aluminium mg/l < manganese mg/l < <0.010 < < * Cryptosporidium and Giardia are monitored at this site on an as needs basis in response to certain events. Monitoring is also done at the raw water inflow to each water filtration plant, which provides an indication of the raw water quality immediately before treatment. Results for the raw water are presented in Section 3, Treatment. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 16 of 79

17 2.2.4 Illawarra delivery system - raw water Table 7 Upper Avon Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA 18 <1 < < Giardia* cysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA Cryptosporidium* oocysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA turbidity NTU NA 61 < < Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < < < manganese mg/l < * Cryptosporidium and Giardia are monitored at this site on an as needs basis in response to certain events. Monitoring is also done at the raw water inflow to each water filtration plant, which provides an indication of the raw water quality immediately before treatment. Results for the raw water are presented in Section 3, Treatment. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 17 of 79

18 2.2.5 North Richmond delivery system - raw water Table 8 Nepean River (Jetty at rear of Nth Richmond WFP) Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA Giardia* cysts/10l NA Cryptosporidium* oocysts/10l NA NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA turbidity NTU NA Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l 2-10 iron mg/l <1 aluminium mg/l < manganese mg/l < * Cryptosporidium and Giardia are monitored at this site on an as needs basis in response to certain events. Monitoring is also done at the raw water inflow to each water filtration plant, which provides an indication of the raw water quality immediately before treatment. Results for the raw water are presented in Section 3, Treatment. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 18 of 79

19 2.2.6 Cascade delivery system - raw water Table 9 Lake Top 100m u/s dam wall Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics WaterNSW Reference levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA < Giardia* cysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA Cryptosporidium* oocysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA turbidity NTU NA Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < < < manganese mg/l < * Cryptosporidium and Giardia are monitored at this site on an as needs basis in response to certain events. Monitoring is also done at the raw water inflow to each water filtration plant, which provides an indication of the raw water quality immediately before treatment. Results for both the raw water and treated water are presented in Section 3, Treatment. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 19 of 79

20 2.2.7 Nepean delivery system - raw water Table 10 Lake Nepean Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics SW Trigger levels Microbiological E. coli orgs/100ml NA 27 <1 < <1 <1 6 Giardia* cysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA Cryptosporidium* oocysts/10l NA 0 NA NA NA 0 NA NA NA turbidity NTU NA < Physical / chemical true colour HU NA chlorophyll - a µg/l iron mg/l < aluminium mg/l < manganese mg/l < * Cryptosporidium and Giardia are monitored at this site on an as needs basis in response to certain events. Monitoring is also done at the raw water inflow to each water filtration plant, which provides an indication of the raw water quality immediately before treatment. Results for the raw water are presented in Section 3, Treatment. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 20 of 79

21 2.3 Discussion of results for storages and raw water delivery systems The results for the monitoring in the raw water storages and delivery system in Table 2 to Table 10 indicated that the water was of expected quality for supply to water filtration plants. Reporting of the details of these results can be found on the WaterNSW website, except for North Richmond as monitoring is done by Sydney Water. Detention time in streams and lakes, together with artificial mixing in lakes, help to improve water quality. In-situ monitoring instruments and the ability to change supply depths in most storages facilitate selection of optimum quality raw water for treatment. Raw water quality is maintained by WaterNSW through a combination of catchment management activities in accordance with its Healthy Catchments Strategy which sets priorities for catchment improvement activities, natural in-stream/lake processes and source selection. Catchment initiatives are delivered through the Healthy Catchments Program under the following broad categories: Rural lands Sewage and stormwater Land management Statutory and regulatory operations Catchment partnerships Work undertaken under the program is reported annually in WaterNSW s Annual Catchment Activities Report which can be found on the WaterNSW website. Page 21 of 79

22 3 Treatment Sydney has nine water filtration plants that supply 13 water delivery systems. With dam levels greater than 70 per cent, the operating rules established in the NSW Government s 2017 Metropolitan Water Plan requires the desalination plant be turned off. The desalination plant will be operated when dam levels fall to 60% and continue to operate until dam storage reach 70%. 3.1 Key parameters Sydney Water monitors the quality of the raw water entering filtration plants to inform treatment requirements and verifies the quality of treated water entering the customer supply system for a range of water quality parameters. The information gathered under the operational monitoring program assists in optimising water treatment processes. Most analysis is conducted by laboratories that are accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA). Additional operational monitoring is also conducted at the plant by on-line instrumentation. Results for the key parameters from this analysis are presented for each filtration plant in Table 11 to Table 28. WaterNSW also monitors water quality for the raw water entering eight of the water filtration plants on a monthly basis. These results are not included below but can be found in WaterNSW s Annual Water Quality Monitoring Report. The raw water used to supply the North Richmond water filtration plant is monitored by Sydney Water. Raw water quality for the parameters reported in these tables is assessed against site-specific quality standards that have been developed based on historical water quality from the catchments and the capacity of each plant to treat water to meet the drinking water s. Treated water is assessed against the ADWG values. In the following tables, the ADWG health value is quoted for free chlorine, monochloramine, total trihalomethanes and NDMA. Both E. coli and fluoride are assessed against an agreed position with NSW Health. The more stringent ADWG aesthetic s are quoted for turbidity, true colour, ph, iron, aluminium and manganese. With the exception of ph, which has a range, the levels below are the concentration that should not be exceeded. Page 22 of 79

23 3.1.1 Prospect Water Filtration Plant Table 11 Prospect Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 13 < < turbidity NTU true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 23 of 79

24 Table 12 Prospect Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100 ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 < % 52 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l 5 26 <0.04 <0.04 < % 104 <0.04 < % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l % 52 < % aluminium mg/l < % 52 < % manganese mg/l < % 52 < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 24 of 79

25 3.1.2 Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant Table 13 Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 13 <1 < <1 <1 1 turbidity NTU true colour HU < ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 25 of 79

26 Table 14 Orchard Hills Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 52 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l % % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l <0.005 < % 52 <0.005 < % aluminium mg/l <0.005 < % 52 <0.005 < % manganese mg/l < < % 52 < < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 26 of 79

27 3.1.3 Macarthur Water Filtration Plant Table 15 Macarthur Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA < turbidity NTU 10 / 60* true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l / 1.300* aluminium mg/l / 0.950* manganese mg/l / 0.350* * Raw Water Supply Agreement (RWSA) standards for these parameters for this plant vary in four steps according to the water demand of the plant. Low and high values are shown. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 27 of 79

28 Table 16 Macarthur Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100 ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 53 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 < % 53 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine^1 mg/l 5 13 < % 53 < % monochloramine^2 mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l < % 53 < % aluminium mg/l % % manganese mg/l < < % 53 < < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^1 one site represents the part of the delivery system that is chlorinated (free chlorine used in disinfection process), and the other site ^2 represents the part that is chloraminated (monochloramine used in disinfection process). ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 28 of 79

29 3.1.4 Woronora Water Filtration Plant Table 17 Woronora Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 13 <1 < <1 <1 13 turbidity NTU true colour HU < < ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 29 of 79

30 Table 18 Woronora Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100 ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 51 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 51 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l 5 13 <0.04 <0.04 < % 51 <0.04 < % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA iron mg/l < % 51 < % aluminium mg/l % % manganese mg/l % % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 30 of 79

31 3.1.5 Illawarra Water Filtration Plant Table 19 Illawarra Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 13 <1 < <1 <1 40 turbidity NTU true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 31 of 79

32 Table 20 Illawarra Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performanc e E. coli orgs/100ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 52 <2 <2 <2 100% ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l % % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l < % 52 <0.005 < % aluminium mg/l % % manganese mg/l < < % 52 < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 32 of 79

33 3.1.6 North Richmond Water Filtration Plant Table 21 North Richmond Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics E. coli orgs/100ml turbidity NTU true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 33 of 79

34 Table 22 North Richmond Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 52 <2 <2 <2 100% ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l % % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n- nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l <0.005 <0.005 < % 52 <0.003 < % aluminium mg/l <0.005 < % 52 <0.005 < % manganese mg/l < < % 52 < < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 34 of 79

35 3.1.7 Cascade Water Filtration Plant Table 23 Cascade Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 13 < < turbidity NTU true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 35 of 79

36 Table 24 Cascade Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100 ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 52 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l % % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* NA % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l % 52 < % aluminium mg/l % % manganese mg/l % 52 < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 36 of 79

37 3.1.8 Nepean Water Filtration Plant Table 25 Nepean Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 13 <1 < < turbidity NTU true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 37 of 79

38 Table 26 Nepean Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100 ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 52 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l % % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l < % 52 < % aluminium mg/l % % manganese mg/l % % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 38 of 79

39 3.1.9 Warragamba Water Filtration Plant Table 27 Warragamba Water Filtration Plant raw water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics Raw Water Supply Agreement E. coli orgs/100ml NA 12 <1 < <1 <1 2 turbidity NTU true colour HU ph ph units iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. NA= Not Applicable. Page 39 of 79

40 Table 28 Warragamba Water Filtration Plant treated water Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Annual 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Characteristics ADWG % of test complying with the % of test complying with the Meets longterm performance E. coli orgs/100 ml not detected in 100 ml 13 <1 <1 <1 100% 52 <1 <1 <1 100% turbidity NTU % % true colour HU <2 <2 <2 100% 52 <2 < % ph ph units between % % free chlorine mg/l % % monochloramine mg/l % % fluoride mg/l 1.5* % % total trihalomethanes mg/l % % n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA NA NA iron mg/l < % 52 <0.005 < % aluminium mg/l <0.005 < % 52 <0.005 < % manganese mg/l < < % 52 < < % * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 40 of 79

41 3.2 Cryptosporidium and Giardia Since 1998, Sydney Water has monitored water at the inlet and outlet of water filtration plants for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. WaterNSW has also conducted routine monitoring of raw water sources and undertaken investigative monitoring in the catchments to better define the risks presented by these organisms. From 1 July 2017 the monitoring of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Sydney was aligned to the principles of the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. Sydney Water is monitoring for Cryptosporidium and Giardia at all raw water inlets to each water filtration plant to give an overall understanding of potential pathogenic risk to public health from the source water. All individual plants are monitored at least once per week, with some up to a frequency of three times per week. A summary of the Quarter 2 results for Cryptosporidium and Giardia monitoring are shown in Table 29. With the revised program only commencing on 1 July If Cryptosporidium and Giardia are detected in raw or treated drinking water, WaterNSW and Sydney Water advise NSW Health. Any risks to public health are assessed and necessary actions implemented. Page 41 of 79

42 Table 29 Cryptosporidium and Giardia confirmed results raw water Raw water Adjusted volume (L) No of Quarterly - 1 Oct 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Cryptosporidium* exceptions (oocysts/volume) Max. value exceptions Giardia* (cysts/volume) Inlet to Prospect WFP <1 0 <1 Inlet to Orchards Hills WFP <1 0 <1 Inlet to Warragamba WFP <1 0 <1 Inlet to Macarthur WFP <1 Inlet North Richmond WFP <1 5 1 Inlet Cascade WFP <1 0 <1 Inlet Nepean WFP <1 0 <1 Inlet Illawarra WFP <1 0 <1 Inlet Woronora WFP <1 0 <1 Max. value *Cryptosporidium & Giardia results are reported as a standard count, adjusted to 10L volume and % Recovery See comments on page 48 of this report. Page 42 of 79

43 3.3 Other parameters A range of potential chemical contaminants (metals, organic chemicals and radionuclides) are monitored in the raw water at the inlet to each water filtration plant. A few are also monitored in the treated water at the plant outlet. Risk assessments for these chemicals take into consideration the physical and chemical properties of the various compounds and usage within the catchment areas. For most of these chemicals, more intensive monitoring was initially carried out to establish if they were likely to be present in the supply and this historical data has been used along with the risk assessments to determine the range of potential contaminants and the frequency of analysis for the current monitoring program. For catchments managed by WaterNSW, the risks are similar and so the monitoring program is the same for each of these catchments. As North Richmond WFP and the Sydney Desalination plant are supplied from the Hawkesbury River and the Tasman Sea respectively, their risk profile is different from WaterNSW catchments and as such is reflected in the monitoring programs. Monitoring for additional chemicals may be done from time to time for investigative or other operational purposes but results are not shown here for one or more of the following reasons: because of the infrequency of monitoring the lack of direct influence on drinking water quality no values exist to compare test results to in order to assess risk. The following tables only show the ADWG health value, the analytical limit of detection, and the frequency of analysis for each chemical. Results are not shown because analysis is infrequent and the majority of these chemicals are only rarely detected and at very low levels. Commentary on any recent detection of these chemicals is given in the discussion at the end of this section. Tables 30 to 32 list chemicals monitored at the inlet to each water filtration plant while Table 33 lists chemicals monitored in the treated water at the outlet of each water treatment plant. Page 43 of 79

44 Table 30 Other chemicals raw water Monitoring frequency Characteristic Analyte name ADWG Health Guideline Value (mg/l) Detection limit (mg/l) Prospect, Macarthur, Orchard Hills, Illawarra, Woronora, Nepean, Warragamba and Cascade WFPs (monitored by WaterNSW) North Richmond WFP (monitored by Sydney Water) Sydney Desalination Plant (Monitored by Sydney desalination Plant Pty Ltd) Inorganic chemicals Organic chemicals antimony NA NA monthly* arsenic quarterly quarterly monthly* barium quarterly quarterly monthly* boron quarterly quarterly daily cadmium NA NA monthly* iodide yearly yearly monthly* mercury quarterly quarterly monthly* molybdenum quarterly quarterly monthly* selenium quarterly quarterly monthly* silver yearly quarterly monthly* acrylamide NA NA monthly* benzene monthly 1 5-yearly 2 monthly* 1,2-dichlorobenzene NA 5-yearly 3 monthly* 1,4-dichlorobenzene NA 5-yearly 3 monthly* 1,2-dichloroethane monthly 1 5-yearly 4 monthly* 1,1-dichloroethene NA 5-yearly 5 NA 1,2-dichloroethene monthly 1 5-yearly 5 NA dichloromethane (methylene chloride) NA 5-yearly 5 monthly* ethylbenzene NA 5-yearly 2 monthly* ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) NA 5-yearly 2 monthly* hexachlorobutadiene monthly 1 5-yearly 4 NA nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) NA 5-yearly 2 NA styrene (vinylbenzene) NA 5-yearly 2 monthly* trichlorobenzenes (total) NA 5-yearly 5 monthly* vinyl chloride monthly 1 5-yearly 3 monthly* xylene NA NA monthly* NA = Not Applicable. 1 Collected monthly but sampling frequency may be reviewed. 2 Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled in and in Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled in , will be monitored in Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled in and in Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled in and in * Monitored at this frequency when operational. Page 44 of 79

45 Table 31 Pesticides and herbicides raw water Monitoring frequency Characteristic Analyte name ADWG Health Guideline Value (mg/l) Detection limit (mg/l) Prospect, Macarthur, Orchard Hills, Illawarra, Woronora, Nepean, Warragamba and Cascade WFPs (monitored by WaterNSW) North Richmond WFP (monitored by Sydney Water) Sydney Desalination Plant (Monitored by Sydney desalination Plant Pty Ltd) Pesticides / Herbicides NA = Not Applicable. 1 Additional collected following heavy rain. aldrin NA monthly monthly amitrole yearly 1 NA NA atrazine yearly 1 monthly NA chlordane NA monthly monthly chlorpyrifos monthly NA NA 2,4-D monthly monthly NA DDT NA monthly monthly diazinon monthly monthly NA dicamba NA monthly NA dieldrin NA monthly monthly dimethoate NA monthly NA diquat yearly 1 monthly NA diuron yearly 1 NA NA endosulfan NA monthly monthly glyphosate monthly monthly NA heptachlor yearly 1 monthly monthly hexazinone yearly 1 NA NA lindane NA monthly monthly methoxychlor NA NA monthly metsulfuron-methyl NA monthly NA molinate NA monthly NA paraquat NA monthly NA 2,4,5-T yearly 1 NA NA triclopyr monthly monthly NA Page 45 of 79

46 Table 32 Radionuclides raw water Monitoring frequency Characteristic Analyte name ADWG Health Guideline Value (Bq/L) Detection limit (Bq/L) Prospect, Macarthur, Orchard Hills, Illawarra, Woronora, Nepean, Warragamba and Cascade WFPs (monitored by WaterNSW) North Richmond WFP (monitored by Sydney Water) Sydney Desalination Plant (Monitored by Sydney desalination Plant Pty Ltd) Radiological gross alpha NA yearly 5-yearly 2 NA gross beta NA yearly 5-yearly 2 NA total radionuclides NA NA 5 yrs 3 NA = Not Applicable. 1 The sum of gross alpha and gross beta (total radionuclides) should not exceed 0.5Bq/L (becquerels per litre). 2 Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled in , will be monitored in Sampled at plant start-up in 2010 and each subsequent 5 years if/when operational. Table 33 Other chemicals treated water Characteristic Analyte name ADWG Health Guideline Value (mg/l) Detection limit (mg/l) Monitoring frequency All WFPs (monitored by Sydney Water) Sydney Desalination Plant (Monitored by Sydney desalination Plant Pty Ltd) Inorganic chemicals Organic chemicals antimony NA 1 monthly* bromate NA monthly* cadmium NA 1 monthly* copper NA 1 monthly* chromium (as Cr(VI)) NA 1 monthly* cyanide NA 1 monthly* lead NA 1 monthly* nickel NA 1 monthly* sulfate quarterly monthly* acrylamide yearly 2 monthly* carbon tetrachloride yearly 3 monthly* epichlorhydrin NA monthly* toluene NA 4 monthly* xylene NA 4 monthly* NA = Not Applicable. 1 Monitored monthly/quarterly in the customer supply systems rather than in the treated water from the WFP. 2 Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled in , 1 sample for each WFP in each quarter. 3 Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis. Last sampled for each WFP in each quarter during Monitored on a 5-year rotational basis in the customer supply system rather than in the treated water from the WFP. * Monitored at this frequency when operational. Page 46 of 79

47 3.4 Discussion of results for water treatment Raw water During the 12-month period 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts have occasionally been detected in raw water in low numbers. These detections have mainly occurred in the raw water supplying Macarthur WFP and North Richmond WFP (Table 29) None of the chemicals listed in Table 30, Table 31 or Table 32 have been detected at levels above the value All chemical detections were at a level well below the ADWG (2011) health value Treated water During the 12-month period 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 Due to the unavailability of a key piece of analytical equipment at Sydney Water s laboratory, analyses for NDMA was conducted by an external laboratory in December 2015, June 2016 and December 2016 for compliance from reservoirs and customer taps. However, these were analysed using an insufficiently sensitive method (or detection level) to provide results to enable comparison with the ADWG 2011 health value. Subsequent taken and analysed by another laboratory in March 2017 to remedy this situation returned atypical results for NDMA compared to Sydney Water s prior testing from 2012 to Sydney Water performed a further round of sampling and testing in May 2017, this time engaging two external laboratories to perform NDMA analysis. However, results from each laboratory for this testing were different and did not resolve the issue. As a result, Sydney Water commissioned an independent expert to review recent NDMA testing by all laboratories. The review concluded that the results for the monitoring program were not valid and therefore were not included in this report. The Sydney Water laboratory has developed a new method for NDMA testing and will resume NDMA testing following an independent expert review of the new method. Sydney Water notified NSW Health when it became aware of the issues described here and has kept NSW Health informed of progress. NSW Health is satisfied with Sydney Water s approach and plan for future NDMA monitoring. Sydney Water will resume testing in its own laboratory for the financial year. All other results for the treated water sampled from the water filtration plants were within the ADWG 2011 health and aesthetic values with excellent overall results for water treatment. Page 47 of 79

48 4 Distribution (Customer Supply Systems) The water distribution network is made up of 22,000 kilometres of water pipes, 150 pumping stations, 243 reservoirs, and numerous valves, flow meters and rechlorination plants. The network operates to maintain continued and reliable supply and to maintain drinking water quality after treatment. More information on the customer supply systems can be found under Sydney Water s water systems on the Sydney Water website. The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) contains health values for a wide range of microbiological, chemical, physical and radiological water quality characteristics. The ADWG recognises that it isn t always possible to test for all substances or organisms that may be in the treated water. Rather monitoring efforts should be directed at key characteristics for each system. To demonstrate compliance with the requirements of its Operating Licence, Sydney Water conducts drinking water quality (compliance) monitoring, at more than 740 customer properties throughout the supply system. This monitoring is consistent with the ADWG and verifies the quality of drinking water. Testing is conducted by laboratories that are NATA accredited. 4.1 Routine monitoring for key parameters The data presented in Table 34 to Table 59 are not exhaustive but show the routinely monitored parameters for which the ADWG has set a health value and those parameters for which Sydney Water is required to show compliance to ADWG aesthetic s. Most health values for chemicals are based on a lifetime of exposure. The ADWG therefore recognise that occasionally there may be health or aesthetic related test results that fall outside the values and that these results are not necessarily an immediate threat to health. The s do not require 100% of results to fall within the values. Sydney Water s compliance is d for each Delivery System and is calculated over a 12-month period using the following long-term performance s: For E. coli, at least 98% of scheduled must contain no E. coli. For health-related chemical characteristics, the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for the 95th percentile must be less than the value. For aesthetic characteristics, the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for the mean must be less than the value. The following tables show data for the customer supply systems that are used to Sydney Water s performance against the ADWG 2011 health and aesthetic values. This information is also summarised in a factsheet and more data including typical ranges over a longer period can be found in the Safe Drinking Water/Water Analysis on Sydney Water s website. Page 48 of 79

49 4.1.1 Prospect North Customer Supply System Table 34 Prospect North Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l 5 1, ,164 1 At least 98% of test results <1 99.9% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l 3 1,164 0 antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the lead mg/l respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 49 of 79

50 Table 35 Prospect North Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l value turbidity NTU 5 1, true colour HU dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units , Average of test results between ph units * Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 50 of 79

51 4.1.2 Prospect East Customer Supply System Table 36 Prospect East Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 51 of 79

52 Table 37 Prospect East Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l value turbidity NTU true colour HU dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 52 of 79

53 4.1.3 Prospect South Customer Supply System Table 38 Prospect South Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 53 of 79

54 Table 39 Prospect South Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l value turbidity NTU true colour HU dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 54 of 79

55 4.1.4 Potts Hill Customer Supply System Table 40 Potts Hill Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l 5 2, ,328 1 At least 98% of test results < % At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l 3 2,328 0 antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 55 of 79

56 Table 41 Potts Hill Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as mg/l respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 value turbidity NTU 5 2, true colour HU dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units , Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 56 of 79

57 4.1.5 Ryde Customer Supply System Table 42 Ryde Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l 5 1, ,158 0 At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l 3 1,158 0 antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 57 of 79

58 Table 43 Ryde Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l value turbidity NTU 5 1, true colour HU dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units , Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 58 of 79

59 4.1.6 Orchard Hills Customer Supply System Table 44 Orchard Hills Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample At least 98% of test results <1 100% fluoride mg/l 1.5* At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% free chlorine mg/l monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective nitrate as NO 3 mg/l ADWG health value nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP is less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 59 of 79

60 Table 45 Orchard Hills Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l < copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l <0.001 value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 3 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 60 of 79

61 4.1.7 Macarthur Customer Supply System Table 46 Macarthur Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100 ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 61 of 79

62 Table 47 Macarthur Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l < copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 62 of 79

63 4.1.8 Woronora Customer Supply System Table 48 Woronora Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG nitrate as NO 3 mg/l health value nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 63 of 79

64 Table 49 Woronora Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 64 of 79

65 4.1.9 Illawarra Customer Supply System Table 50 Illawarra Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper^ mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than respective ADWG nitrate as NO 3 mg/l health value nitrite as NO2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05 (as Cr(VI)) ** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable.. Page 65 of 79

66 Table 51 Illawarra Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l <0.001 value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 3 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 66 of 79

67 North Richmond Customer Supply System Table 52 North Richmond Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 67 of 79

68 Table 53 North Richmond Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l < copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l <0.001 value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 3 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 3 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 68 of 79

69 Cascade Customer Supply System Table 54 Cascade Customer Supply System Health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG nitrate as NO 3 mg/l health value nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 69 of 79

70 Table 55 Cascade Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l <0.001 value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 2 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 2 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 70 of 79

71 Nepean Customer Supply System Table 56 Nepean Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* 99 1 free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 98.9% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG health value nitrate as NO 3 mg/l nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 10 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. ** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 71 of 79

72 Table 57 Nepean Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 mg/l <0.001 value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 2 3 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 2 3 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 72 of 79

73 Warragamba Customer Supply System Table 58 Warragamba Customer Supply System health characteristics Characteristic ADWG health value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 No of exceptions Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) % of test results complying with the Met long-term performance E. coli orgs/100ml Should not be detected in 100mL sample fluoride mg/l 1.5* free chlorine mg/l At least 98% of test results <1 100% At least 95% of test results 0.9 to 1.5 mg/l 100% monochloramine mg/l antimony^ mg/l cadmium^ mg/l cyanide^ mg/l copper mg/l lead mg/l The 95 th percentile value is less than the respective ADWG nitrate as NO 3 mg/l health value nitrite as NO 2 mg/l nickel^ mg/l sulphate^ mg/l chromium^ mg/l 0.05(as CrVI)** 8 0 manganese mg/l n-nitrosodimethylamine^^ mg/l NA NA NA total trihalomethanes mg/l The 95 th percentile statistic calculated for combined customer supply system and WFP less than 0.25 mg/l * Although the ADWG specifies a value for Fluoride of 1.5 mg/l, the NSW Code of Practice for Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies requires that, over a year, greater than 95% of all routine fall within the range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l.** The ADWG sets a value for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) however Sydney Water s total chromium which includes hexavalent chromium. ^ Insufficient data to calculate 95th percentile. ^^ Sydney Water commissioned an expert review of NDMA testing performed in The review determined that the monitoring results were not valid. Therefore they are not reported here. See the body of this report for more details (page 48). NA=Not Applicable. Page 73 of 79

74 Table 59 Warragamba Customer Supply System aesthetic characteristics Characteristic ADWG aesthetic value 1 Jan 2017 to 31 Dec 2017 Average result Long-term performance (assessment over 12 month period) Met long-term performance iron mg/l aluminium mg/l manganese mg/l copper mg/l zinc mg/l Average of test results less than ammonia as mg/l <0.001 respective ADWG aesthetic NH3 value turbidity NTU true colour HU <2 dissolved oxygen % saturation greater than 85% hardness (total) mg/l flavour rating* acceptable 1 3 Average rating of 1, 2 or 3 odour rating* acceptable 1 3 ph ph units Average of test results between ph units *Rated by a panel on a scale from 1 to 5. Ratings of 1, 2 and 3 are generally acceptable to most people while ratings of 4 and 5 are generally not acceptable. True colour is d at 400 nm wavelength. Page 74 of 79

75 4.2 Other parameters The ADWG recognise that it is neither physically possible nor economically feasible to test on an ongoing basis for all substances or organisms. Based on system risk assessment and previous monitoring the chemicals listed in Table 60 and Table 61 have been assessed as being of lower risk and are presently monitored on a five-year rotational basis. These tables show the ADWG 2011 health or aesthetic value, the analytical limit of detection, and the frequency of analysis for each chemical. Results are not shown here because analysis is infrequent and the majority of these chemicals are only rarely detected and at very low levels. Commentary on any recent detections of these chemicals is given in the discussion at the end of this section. Table 60 Other parameters assessed against health s distribution system Monitoring frequency Characteristic Analyte name ADWG Health Guideline value (mg/l) Detection limit (mg/l) These characteristics are monitored on a 5- year rotational basis. The financial year and the monitoring frequency in that year are detailed below. inorganic chemicals organic chemicals chloroacetic acids chlorophenols cyanogen chloride sample per supply system benzo-(a)-pyrene , 2 per supply system di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) , 1 sample per supply system toluene , 1 sample per supply system xylene , 1 sample per supply system chloroacetic acid dichloroacetic acid trichloroacetic acid chlorophenol ,4-dichlorophenol ,4,6-trichlorophenol , 1 sample per supply system , 1 sample per supply system Table 61 Other parameters assessed against aesthetic s Characteristic Analyte Name ADWG Aesthetic Guideline value (mg/l) Detection limit (mg/l) Monitoring frequency These characteristics are monitored on a 5 - year rotational basis. The financial year and the monitoring frequency in that year are detailed below. Inorganic Chemicals chloride sodium hydrogen sulfide , 1 sample each quarter in each supply system , 1 sample each quarter in each supply system , 2 each month in each supply system Page 75 of 79

76 4.3 Discussion of results for Customer Supply Systems During the 12-month period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017, there was one E. coli exception in each of Prospect North and Potts Hill Delivery Systems respectively. These delivery systems still complied as at least 98% of the scheduled monthly contained no E. coli. There was one occasion when fluoride level was result below the target value in Nepean Delivery System (0.80 mg/l). The delivery system still complied as over a year, because greater than 95% of all routine fall within the required range 0.90 to 1.50 mg/l. All other results met the ADWG 2011 health and aesthetic values. Organic chemical benzo-(a)-pyrene was assessed again by a more sensitive method and was not detected in the distribution systems. Sydney Water commissioned an independent expert review of its recent NDMA testing. The review concluded that the results of the testing were not valid. Sydney Water will resume testing in its own laboratory for the financial year. Results will be published in future monitoring reports. See Section for more details. Page 76 of 79

77 5 Water Quantity Data 5.1 Storage The data in sections 5.1 and 5.2 is supplied by WaterNSW. The total available water in WaterNSW s storages was approximately 2.11 million megalitres at the end of the quarter or 81.8% of total operating storage. The total available water decreased by 6.0% over the quarter. Figure 2 Historical available water storage Figure 3 Available Water for the Quarter Page 77 of 79

78 Table 62 Status of individual Storages as at 31 December Rainfall Approximately 193 millimetres of rainfall was recorded on the Warragamba catchment during the quarter; 14.6% below the long term median rainfall average Figure 4 Historical Warragamba Dam catchment rainfall Page 78 of 79

79 5.3 Water Consumption Average water consumption for the quarter was 1,688 ML per day. The average consumption during this quarter increased by 114 ML per day compared to the previous quarter. Figure 5 Water consumption for the quarter Historical water consumption Page 79 of 79