Uses of Radiation for Development and Welfare

Transcription

1 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005 Uses of Radiation for Development and Welfare, Japan Commissioner, AEC, Japan Major Points of Discussion Improved industry ---High quality products Cleaning environment ---Removing pollutants Food --- Productive agriculture and food safety Better health care ---Combating cancer 1/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

2 Economic Scale of Nuclear Power and Radiation Technology in Japan (1997) 3.2% of the GDP 494 trillion (10 12 ) JPY en Radiation Application Nuclear Power 16 trillion 46% 54% by MEXT 2/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

3 Breakdown of Economic Scafe of Radiation Application in Japan 1% Agriculture 14% Medicine 8.6 trillion 85% Industry 3/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

4 Radiation Sources Worldwide -1 Particle Accelera tors Ion Implantation + Surface mod. Nucl. phys. Therapy Isotopes Rad. process 100 Mater. science Source: IAEA Nuc.Tech.Rev /29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

5 Radiation Sources Worldwide -2 Industrial Scale Co-60 Gamma Irradiator 160 units Large penetration range Developing countries :65 unit Larger then 1MCi: more than 32 units Major applications Sterilization of medical products Food irradiation 5/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

6 Commercially produced cross-linked or grafted polymers by radiation processing 1 Products Applications Cross-linked polyethylene and PVC Cross-linked foamed polyethylene Heat shrinkable tubings and sheets Cross-linked rubber sheets AA grafted PE film Cross-linked polyurethane Wire insulation resistant to heat and chemicals, pipes for heating systems Insulation, packing, floating materials Food packaging, insulation, protection against corrosion Automobile tires (high quality), Battery separator Cable insulation for antilock brake sensor 6/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

7 Commercially produced cross-linked or grafted polymers by radiation processing 2 Products Cross-linked nylon Super heat resistant SiC fiber Vulcanized natural rubber latex Cross-linked hydrogel Curing of paints and inks Grafted PE fiber Applications Automobile parts resistant to heat and chemicals Metal and ceramic composites, Medical gloves, Fingerstall Wound dressing Surface coating and printing Deodorant 7/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

8 Number of Electron Accelerator for Industry by Application MARCH, Number Others Flue Gas Treatment Sterilization Automobile Tire Curing & Converting Year Heat Shrinkable Tube Polyethylene Foam Wire & Cable R & D 8/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

9 Electron Beam Processing for Wires Electron Accelerator with tube handling device 3MeV (MINT, Malaysia) 9/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

10 Radiation Crosslinking Improves Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical Properties Merits of Radiation Processing Solid state reaction Free from chemicals Simple and high speed Room temp. process 10/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

11 Hydrogel Wound Dressing Water soluble polymer PVA Hydrogel 1.Healing is faster 2.Changing the dressing without pain 3.Transparency ADVANTAGES 11/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

12 Longlived Battery Separator - Anode Packing - (Zn) Separator membrane (10μm) + (Ag 2 O) 隔膜 Separator membrane Silver oxide battery + cathode Radiation grafting of AAc onto PE 12/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

13 Efficient Sterilization of Medical Supplies by High Energy (5-10 MeV) Accelerator 50% of medical supplies sterilized by EB - High speed processing - Larger capacity - No replenishment of radiation source 13/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

14 Radiation Processing for Nano-technology Membrane with Nano-scale Pores by Heavy Ion Beams Ion Beam Radiation Ion Track Membrane Polymer Film Ion Beam (Au, Xe, Kr) Cross Section Latent track Etching 10 nm Etched Track Latent track Locally Dense Damage 14/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

15 Global Environment is Degrading Increasing Emission of SO 2 1,000Ton 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, (World Bank, RAINS-ASIAプロジェクト ) Damage of Forests by Acid Rain in East Europe 15/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

16 Innovative Technology for Cleaning Flue Gases by Electron Beams Flue gas Stack Spray cooler Process water Power supply Electron beam gun Byproduct collector Process vessel Fertilizer Removal efficiency: SO 2 90% Absorbed dose: 5~10kGy Temp: 65~70 No X 30~80% 16/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

17 Industrial and Pilot Plants of Cleaning Flue Gases from Power Stations by Electron Beam m 3 /hour Fuel China1 300,000 coal in operation 2 300,000 coal in operation 3 300,000 coal under construction Poland 270,000 coal in operation Bulgaria 10,000 coal in operation 17/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

18 Accelerator Accelerator: 300kW 4 4 heads Capacity: 270,000m 3 /hour Accelerator and Process Chamber SO 2 removal 90~95% NOx removal 70~80% Total dose: 10kGy Process Chamber Cleaning Flue Gas from Coal Burning Power Station by Electron Beams. Industrial Scale Demonstration Plant in Poland (October, 2000) : IAEA TC Projrct 18/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

19 Process vessel of Polish demonstration plant 19/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

20 The Flue Gas Cleaning Plant in Changdu,, China Coal burning power plant of 100MWe Capacity: 300,000 m 3 /hour SO 2 removal 90% NO x removal 30% Total dose 5kGy 20/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

21 ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRON BEAM TECHNOLOGY FOR CLEANING FLUE GASES Simultaneous removals of SO 2 and NOx Applicable to high SO 2 content flue gases By-product is usable as agriculture fertilizer Amount of water needed is much less than that of conventional process 21/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

22 Electron Beam Treatment of Waste Water Pilot-scale plant of cleaning waste water from dyeing factories in Korea (treatment capacity 1,000m 3 /day EBM:1MeV, 40kW) Demonstration Plant of 10,000m 3 /day is under construction 22/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

23 Environmentally Friendly and More Productive Agriculture By Radiation Sterile insect technique to reduce insecticides Fruit fly, tsetse fly, NW screw worm fly Mutation breeding to reduce chemicals 2000 mutant varieties Food irradiation to replace chemical fumigation Biofertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer Demonstration of Bio-fertilizer for peanut in Vietnam 23/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

24 Radiation intensity Radiation intensity Cancer Therapy by Heavy Ion Ion beam can be focused in tumor to avoid side-effects effects Photon Heavy Ion Distance from body surface 24/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

25 Heavy Ion Beam Therapy Facility of NIRS of Japan 25/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

26 Radiation Therapy by Heavy Ion (Carbon) Beams Osteosarcoma of the 5th cervical spine Before After 5 years 26/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

27 New Accelerator-Based Large Spallation Neutron Sources under Construction County Institute Proton Commissioning USA SNS ONL 1.4MW 2006 UK ISIS Rutherford -Appleton 240kW 2007 Japan JSNS JAERI-KEK 1MW 2008 Major Fields of Research Material Science Life & Biological Sciences Particle Physics 27/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

28 Conclusion Radiation technology largely contributes to the sustainable development in the field of industry, agriculture and health care. 2. Radiation source technology is well developed. In particular, electron accelerators with large capacity. High energy and high reliability are available at reasonable price. 3. Ion beam accelerators with high energy are used for medical application and material science. 28/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005

29 Conclusion New polymer products have been developed using electron accelerators to penetrating into new market. 5. Food irradiation is efficient technology to enhance food safety, and the amount of irradiated food is growing worldwide. 6. IAEA s TC Program and CRP achieve to promote radiation application in Member States. 29/29 IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005