ENVIS. Ambient Air Quality & Noise Levels on Deepawali Special Issue

Transcription

1 IN PURSUIT OF CLEAN ENVIRONMENT s ENVIS Control of Pollution Water, Air & Noise Vol. 1 No. 1 Special Issue INDIA ENVIS 2014 Ambient Air Quality & Noise Levels ) c zfr i, y f. k d j kzo ; i Lo P N CPCB ENVIS Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (Govt. of India) Web : cpcbenvis.nic.in cpcb@envis.nic.in

2 Editor s Desk Contents Introduction 1 Deepawali" festival of light is a major festival in India and celebrated by people of all age groups by lighting up lamps and bursting crackers with gaiety. Crackers used on the occasion of Deepawali festival generates high level of noise, smoke, toxic fumes and dust resulting in exceedance of prescribed Noise as well as Ambient Air Quality standards. Many people suffer from respiratory disorders and heart problems during the festival. The aged and children are highly affected by undesirable noise and polluted air. Central Pollution Control Board has been conducting regular monitoring since 1993 to ascertain the nature, extent of ambient noise and air pollution during Deepawali. As per the direction of the Hon'ble Supreme Court, time restriction on bursting of crackers have been imposed besides fixing noise level standards for the crackers. 1.0 Delhi Bangalore Bhopal Lucknow Agra Vadodara Kolkata Shillong Other Major Cities Real Time Ambient Noise 32 Monitoring Network 10.1 Over all Observations during 36 Pre-Deepawali day (Oct. 29, 2013) 10.2 Over all Observations during 36 Deepawali (Nov 03 rd 2013) 11.0 Zone wise Assessment South Zone North Zone West Zone East Zone Over all Conclusion Recommendations 43 Annexure-I 44 Annexure-II 45 Annexure-III 47 Annexure-IV 48 Annexure-V 49 Annexure -VI 50 Annexure VII 52

3 Introduction Deepawali or Diwali is the biggest and the brightest festival among all the Hindu festivals in India. It's the festival of lights (deep = light and avali = a row i.e., a row of lights) that's marked by four days of celebration, which literally illumines the country with its brilliance, and dazzles all with its joy. Each of the four days in the festival of Deepawali is separated by a different tradition, but what remains true and constant is the celebration of life, its enjoyment goodness and all the simple rituals of Deepawali have a significance. The illumination of homes with lights and the skies with firecrackers is an expression of obeisance to the heavens for attainment of health, wealth, knowledge, peace and prosperity. According to one belief, the sound of fire-crackers are an indication of the joy of people living on earth, making the gods aware of their plentiful state. Still another possible reason has a more scientific basis: the fumes produced by the crackers kill a lot of insects and mosquitoes, found in plenty after the rains. There are numerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. In every months many festival comes and fill colors in our life. Every festival has an important role in life of different peoples from different communities of India. Crackers hold a fascination for both young and old alike. Crackers of varied colors and sounds fill the skies heralding India s favorite festival. But these crackers spoil our environment by causing noise and air pollution and also affect our health. The smoke of fireworks consists mainly of fine toxic dusts and chemicals that easily enter the lungs and represents a real danger for those already sick as well as for the healthy. Crackers that make a noise of more than 125 decibels at four meters distance from the point of bursting are banned by the law. Adverse Effects of Bursting Crackers on Human Health Apart from the mild burns and accidents the children also breathe the toxic air and subsequently suffer from nasal irritation and throat congestion. The smoke also irritates the eyes causing tears and redness. Sometimes the sound makes the ears go dumb and also cause deafness. Bursting crackers may increase blood pressure and aggravate heart disease. Nausea, headache and giddiness are common effects of bursting crackers. Lung infections such as coughing, sneezing. Respiratory disorders like asthma, wheezing often get severe during Deepawali festival. The pollution hazards such as the toxic smoke causes a lot of discomfort in breathing. 1

4 The poisonous gas can also affect pregnant women adversely. It may also affect the mentally ill patients leading to depression, fear and stress. Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 The increasing ambient noise levels in public places from various sources, inter-alia, industrial activity, construction activity, fire crackers, sound producing instruments, generator sets, loud speakers, public address systems, music systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical devices have deleterious effects on human health and the psychological well-being of the people; it is considered necessary to regulate and control noise producing and generating sources with the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards in respect of noise. Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (ii) of subsection (2) of section 3, sub-section (1) and clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 6 and section 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby makes the following rules for the regulation and control of noise producing and generating sources, namely:- The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, The standards are given in Annexure I. Ambient Air Quality Standards The primary objective of the ambient air quality standards is to provide a basis for protecting public health from adverse effect of air pollution and for eliminating, or reducing to a minimum, those contaminants of air that are known or likely to be hazardous to human health and well-being. Ideally, air quality standards should represent concentrations of chemical compounds in air that would not pose any health hazard to the human population. However, the realistic assessment of human health hazards necessitates a distinction between absolute safety and acceptable risk. To aim at achieving absolute safety, one would need a detailed knowledge of dose-response relationships in individuals in relation to all sources of exposure, the types of toxic effect elicited by specific pollutants or their mixtures and existing health status of human population. However, such comprehensive and conclusive data on environmental contaminants are not always available, certainly not for all types of pollutants. Very often, the relevant data are scarce and the quantitative relationship uncertain; scientific judgments and consensus, therefore, play an important role. The ambient air quality objectives / standards are pre-requisite for developing programme for effective management of ambient air quality and to reduce the damaging effects of air pollution. In exercise of the power conferred by Sub section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air 2

5 (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981) CPCB has formulated the ambient air quality standards for 12 parameters, which also describes time weighted average, areas (land use) and methods of measurement in November For details, refer to Gazette Notification as placed at Annexure II. Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring at CPCB Head Office and Zonal Offices In order to assess the problem of rising air and noise pollution produced by firework during Deepawali festival, Central Pollution Control Board had conducted Ambient Noise and Air Quality Monitoring on Normal Day (October 29 th, 2013) and Deepawali Day (November 03 rd, 2013) at Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Shillong and Vadodara. Monitoring was carried out at various places covering various zones (viz. Commercial, Residential & Silence). All SPCB s PCB were also requested to conduct the similar monitoring at their state HQs & cities. Objectives: To determine present Air Quality status and trends during Deepawali festival; To monitor the ambient noise levels for normal and Deepawali day from hr to hr at various locations in different cities; To determine the trends and variations of noise levels at various areas of the cities in different land uses; and To create awareness about air and noise pollution through availability of scientific monitoring data. Press release was uploaded on CPCB website on next day of Deepawali and subsequently the impact of bursting crackers was also published in several leading newspapers for public awareness. Methodology Ambient Air Quality Monitoring The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out for minimum 24 hours as per the NAMP format i.e Hours to Hours as the national standard is prescribed for 24 hours. The complete protocol for Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10 and gaseous pollutants (SO 2 & NO 2 ) as well methodology is given at Annexure III, IV and V. Noise measurements was carried out by using a Type 1 integrating sound level meter with free-field microphone which meets the Accuracy of noise measurement as per IEC 804 (BS 6698) Grade I or ANSI Type I or equivalent IEC ( ) Class-I to see the overall impact of bursting crackers on Ambient Air Environment. 3

6 Monitoring frequency/sampling Frequency: Noise Monitoring was conducted from hr to hr continuously at each location with sampling duration of 1 second. Monitoring Parameters: Measurement of Leq, L 10, L 90, L 50, L max, L min and LAI at all locations during monitoring. Complete Noise monitoring protocol and data sheet is enclosed at Annexure VI and VII. Cities where ambient air & noise monitoring carried out in various Zonal Offices are given in Figure 1. Vadodara Monitoring Cities Figure 1 : CPCB manual monitoring stations for Ambient Air and Noise monitoring during Deepawali

7 1.0 Delhi Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second largest metropolis by population in India and Located on the banks of the River Yamuna. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory as per 2011 Census. Deepawali is the one of festival celebrated at the juncture of Autumn and Winter, when the meteorological conditions plays a vital role for dilution and dispersion of air pollutants due to lowering of temperature, reduced mixing height, changing wind direction besides low or no wind velocity and starting of dry weather spells in addition to the added pollution load. The Central Pollution Control Board has conducted Ambient Air quality & Noise monitoring at various locations in Delhi on the occasion of Deepawali festival, 2013 to see the impact of bursting crackers on environment. Details of monitoring locations in Delhi are given in Figure 2 & 3. The following investigations were conducted: 1. The Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at nine locations in Delhi namely Lajpat Nagar, Mayur Vihar (Phase II), Pitam Pura, Kamla Nagar, Dilshad Garden, East Arjun Nagar, Ansari Nagar (AIIMS), Connaught Place and Pragati Maidan between hours & hours (during Deepawali celebration hours) on November 3, Ambient Noise level monitoring data for Pre-Deepawali background monitoring was carried out at same locations & time on October 29, The manual data for Delhi is presented in Table Round-the-clock Ambient Air quality monitoring was carried out on November 03, 2013 (Deepawali day) at Seven monitoring stations of CPCB namely Pragati Maidan Metro Station; Pitampura, Siri Fort, Janakpuri, Nizamuddin, Shahzada Bagh, and Shahdara. The air quality data is presented in Table Meteorological profile (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction and mixing height) was also monitored and the data is presented at Table 3. Average temperature on November 3, 2013 was 21ºC as compared to 20ºC in 2012; relative humidity was 69% in 2013 as compared to 68% in Night time Mixing height decreased from 211 meters (2012) to 197 meters (2013). 5

8 DCE Pitampur Punjabi Shahzada B h Civil Li Dilshad G d Shahdara Shadipur East Arjun Nagar Janak P i Mandir ITO Dwarka R K Puram Delhi Air Port Nizamuddi Sirifort NAMP Station + Integrated Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (ITO) CAAQM Stations CPCB CAAQM Stations DPCC DOAS Stations of CPCB & DPCC Figure 2 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations in Delhi 6

9 Pitam Pura Kamla Nagar Dilshad Garden East Arjun Nagar Connaught Place ITO Mayur Vihar Ph. II Lajpat Nagar Ansari Nagar Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 3 : Ambient Noise monitoring locations in Delhi 7

10 Table 1 : Ambient Noise Level at different places in Delhi during Normal Day & Deepawali day in the year Average Noise Level in db (A) Leq. S. Location Normal Day Deepawali Day No Lajpat Nagar (R) East Arjun Nagar (R) Mayur Vihar Phase II (R) Pitam Pura (R) Kamla Nagar (R) Dilshad Garden (R) Ansari Nagar) (R) Connaught Place (C) I.T.O (C) Monitoring time: 1800 hours to 2400 hours.; R Residential, C Commercial Deepawali Day : 03 rd November 2013 and 13 th November 2012 Normal day : 29 th October 2013 and 06 th November 2012 Table 2 : Ambient Air Quality at Various Locations (NAMP) during Deepawali 2012 & 2013 S. No. Monitoring Stations Parameters SO 2 NO 2 PM Years Normal Day (Pre-Deepawali) 1 Pragati Maidan / ITO* Pitampura (R) Sirifort (R) Janakpuri (R) Nizamuddin (R) Shahazada Bagh (I) Shahdara (I) Deepawali Day 1 Pragati Maidan / ITO* Pitampura (R) Sirifort (R) Janakpuri (R) Nizamuddin (R) Shahazada Bagh (I) Shahdara (I) Ambient Air quality Standards (24 hr.) All values are in microgram per cubic meter Normal Day 2012: November 6, 2012 (Tuesday); Deepawali Day 2012: November (Tuesday) *ITO Station shifted to Metro Station, Pragati Maidan. 8

11 Table 3 : Meteorological Information, Deepawali, 2012 & 2013 Day Normal Day Deepawali Day Parameters 24 Hourly 24 Hourly Maximum* Minimum* Avg. Avg. Maximum* Minimum* Year Mixing Height(Mtrs.) Wind Speed(m/s) Temperature ( o C) Relative Humidity(%) Observations: Sulphur dioxide concentration on Deepawali day 2013 decreased at five locations, while the values increased at two locations as compared to Deepawali day 2012 during Deepawali day, SO 2 concentration ranged between 5 and 56 μg/m 3 as compared to 3 and 63 μg/m 3 during Deepawali day in SO 2 levels have been found within the prescribed standard limit of 80 μg/m 3 at all the locations. Nitrogen dioxide concentration on Deepawali day in 2013 showed a minimal trend decreased at all the monitored locations as compared to Deepawali day NO 2 values during Deepawali day 2013 ranged between 26 & 87 μg/m 3 as compared to 44 and 85 μg/m 3 in The NO 2 levels are well within the prescribed standard of 80 μg/m 3 at six locations except Shahzada Bagh. PM 10 levels have shown an increasing trend at all the locations on Deepawali day, 2013 as compared to RSPM values during Deepawali day, 2013 ranged between 796 and 1138 μg/m 3 as compared to 748 and 951 μg/m 3 during Deepawali day, Increased PM 10 values in general may be attributed to adverse meteorological conditions, i.e. lower night time temperature, low mixing height and low wind speed. The ambient noise level at all the locations on Deepawali day, 2013 (November 3, 2013) have increased as compared to normal day (October 29, 2013). Noise level during Deepawali, 2013 (November 3, 2013) in Delhi (Manual) showed a decreasing trend as compared to Deepawali 2012 (November 13, 2012) at four locations and slightly increasing trends at other five locations. The maximum Noise Level was found at Mayur Vihar Phase II [83dB (A)] followed by Kamla Nagar and Ansari Nagar[81 db(a)]. 9

12 2.0 Bengaluru The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office (South), Bengaluru has conducted Ambient Air quality & Noise monitoring at various locations in Bengaluru on the occasion of Deepawali festival. The findings of the monitoring and the trend of ambient air quality and noise levels are depicted in Table 4 & 5 during Deepawali and also compared with pre- Deepawali Air Quality Monitoring Locations Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 4 : Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Locations in Bengaluru Table 4 : Trend of ambient air quality during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali 2013 Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Rajaji Nagar BDL Rajarajeshwari Nagar BDL BDL Nagarbhavi BDL BDL BDL 60.3 NAAQ Standards * All values are in µg/m 3 ; BDL: SO 2 : < 4 µg/m 3 NO 2 : < 9 µg/m 3 10

13 Table 5 : Ambient Noise Level at different locations in Bengaluru during Deepawali, 2013 S.N. Location Pre-Deepawali Day Average Noise level in db (A) Leq. Deepawali Day Standard Limit 1 Rajaji Nagar Rajarajeshwari Nagar Nagarbhavi Note : All locations are residential. Observations: The values of ambient air quality parameter of NO 2 and RSPM has decreased as compared to 2012 and this may be attributed to normal weather conditions & high wind speed (which increase the dispersion of pollutants) and due to decrease in the number of vehicles as compared to The noise level during Deepawali day ( ) were observed high when compare to Deepawali day Bursting of crackers was more during 6.30 PM to 8.00 PM and decreased considerably. It has been observed that the trend of crackers has changed and people used ecofriendly crackers which produce paper flutters and colored lights on bursting and not the painful sound. 3.0 Bhopal The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office Bhopal conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at four locations and Noise Level monitoring at two locations to study the impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. The monitoring Locations are as follows: 01. Chhola Road : This station is located at dense residential colony. It is located in north side of the city. The area around the locality is congested and witnessing heavy traffic density. 02. T T Nagar : This station is located near New Market, commercial center of Bhopal City. Being a main market of the city the area is crowded with floating 11

14 population of other parts of city. The heavy traffic and congested parking facility are the major causes of pollution at this location. 03. Nehru Nagar : This station is placed in the residential colony and truly representing the residential area. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was conducted at all the location while Ambient Noise levels were monitored at Location No 2 & 3. The noise monitoring data is given at Table 6 and Ambient Air quality data is given in Table 7 respectively. Air Quality Monitoring Locations Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 5: Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Locations in Bhopal 12

15 13 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels Table 6 : Ambient Noise Level at different locations in Bhopal during Deepawali, 2013 Time Duration Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Lmin Lmax Leq db (A) Nehru Nagar Bhopal 18:00 to 19:00 hr :00 to 20:00 hr :00 to 21:00 hr :00 to 22:00 hr :00 to 23:00 hr :00 to 24:00 hr TT Nagar 18:00 to 19:00 hr :00 to 20:00 hr :00 to 21:00 hr :00 to 22:00 hr :00 to 23:00 hr :00 to 24:00 hr Table 7: Ambient Air Quality Data during Deepawali 2012 & 2013 at Bhopal Monitoring Location Year Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 T.T. Nagar Nehru Nagar Chhola Road NAAQ Standards * All values are in µg/m 3 Observations: On pre Deepawali day the noise levels during 18:00 24:00 hrs. at residential area the range between 52.2 to 65.5 db (A) and at commercial area 59.5 to 69.4 db (A) respectively. At residential area, the noise levels during Deepawali & post Deepawali are increased by more than 37dB (A) w.r.t. noise levels during pre-deepawali day. The major increase in noise levels were recorded during 21:00-22:00 hrs. The peak noise level value is db(a) on Deepawali day w.r.t db(a) on pre Deepawali day. At commercial area, not much difference was recorded on pre Deepawali, during Deepawali & Post Deepawali day during 18:00-22:00 hrs. While steep increase in

16 ambient Noise levels were recorded on Deepawali day during 22:00-24:00 hrs. w.r.t. normal day readings. The noise levels during 22:00-24:00 hrs.was increased by more than 9 db (A) while for the period 18:00-22:00 hrs. the increase was around 12 db (A) on Deepawali day w.r.t. normal day. The PM 10 concentrations in ambient air was increased on Deepawali day w.r.t. Normal day by; 121 μg/m 3 at T T Nagar 171 μg/m 3 at Nehru Nagar 40 μg/m 3 at Chhola Road The SO 2 concentration at Chhola Road was almost doubled on Deepawali day w.r.t. normal day concentration in ambient air. The highest SO 2 concentration was recorded at Nehru Nagar (13 μg/m 3 ) on Deepawali. The highest increase in NO 2 concentration in ambient air was recorded at Nehru Nagar (16 μg/m 3 ). Highest NO 2 concentration was measured to be 50 μg/m 3 at Nehru Nagar on Deepawali day. 4.0 Lucknow The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office, Lucknow conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Noise Level Monitoring (as shown in Figure 6 ) at two locations to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise Levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. Figure 6: Monitoring Locations of Lucknow (A-Indira Nagar, Lucknow & B-Vikas Khand, Gomti Nagar Lucknow) 14

17 The Ambient Air Quality monitoring data and Noise monitoring data of Lucknow at two locations are given at Table 8 and Table 9 respectively. Table 8 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring during Deepawali, 2013 at Lucknow, U.P. Monitoring Location Parameter monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 (a). Indira Nagar (24 hourly average) BDL * (b). Vikas Khand (24 hourly average) BDL * NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3. Time Duration Table 9: Noise Level during Deepawali Festival, 2013 at Lucknow, U.P. Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) L min L max Leq db (A) L min L max Leq db (A) Indira Nagar, Lucknow 18:00 to 19:00 hr :00 to 20:00 hr :00 to 21:00 hr :00 to 22:00 hr :00 to 23:00 hr :00 to 24:00 hr Vikas Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow 18:00 to 19:00 hr :00 to 20:00 hr :00 to 21:00 hr :00 to 22:00 hr :00 to 23:00 hr :00 to 24:00 hr Observations: PM 10, SO 2, NO 2 were monitored 24 hourly at two representative locations, i.e. Indira Nagar & Vikas khand, during Pre- Deepawali i.e. October 29, 2013 and Deepawali day i.e. November 03, The 24 hour average concentration of PM 10 and NO 2 in Indira Nagar was found 294 μg/m 3 and 617 μg/m 3 on pre-deepawali and on Deepawali day respectively, while the NO 2 was recorded as 89.8 and 87.7 respectively. 15

18 The increased concentration of PM 10 is 294 (Pre-Deepawali) to 617 μg/m 3 (On Deepawali Day) in Indira Nagar and Vikas khand, Gomti Nagar, concentration of PM 10 is 366 (Pre Deepawali) to 616 μg/m 3 (On Deepawali Day) respectively. The air pollution level increased by 87%, On Deepawali day, 24 hourly values for PM 10 was found higher than prescribed limit of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), which was 1.5 times higher than their respective day. PM 10 was found higher than the Pre Deepawali and normal day at both above locations. These results indicate that bursting of crackers during Deepawali affected the ambient air quality due to emissions and accumulation of PM 10, SO 2, and NO 2. Noise: db(a) : The noise level increased on Deepawali, from 51.0 to 90.1 db (A) Leq in Indira Nagar and from 49 to 72.5 db (A) Leq in Vikas khand, Gomti Nagar Lucknow. On Deepawali day, noise was found to be higher than prescribed limit (Standard limit db (A) Leq) 5.0 Agra The Central Pollution Control Board, Project office, Agra conducted ambient air quality monitoring at two locations and noise level monitoring at one location to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. Etmad-ud-daullah Tajmahal Air Quality Monitoring Locations Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 7 : Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Locations in Bhopal 16

19 The ambient air quality monitoring data and noise monitoring data of Agra at two locations are given in Table 10 and 11 respectively. Table 10 : Ambient Air Monitoring during Deepawali, 2013 Monitoring Location Parameters monitored Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Tajmahal (24 hourly average) BDL Etmad-ud-daullah (24 hourly average) BDL NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL (Below Detection Limit), All values are in µg/m 3 Time Duration Table 11 : Noise Level during Deepawali, 2013 at Agra, U.P. Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) L min L max Leq db (A) L min L max Leq db (A) Kamla Nagar, Agra (Residential) 18:00 to 19:00 hr :00 to 20:00 hr :00 to 21:00 hr :00 to 22:00 hr :00 to 23:00 hr :00 to 24:00 hr Observations: PM 10, SO 2, NO 2 were monitored 24 hourly at two representative locations, i.e. Tajmahal & Etmad-ud-daullah, during Pre- Deepawali i.e. October 29, 2013 and Deepawali day i.e. November 03, The increased concentration of PM 10 is 364 (Pre-Deepawali) to 524 μg/m 3 (On Deepawali Day) at Tajmahal. In the second station i.e Etmad-ud-daullah concentration of PM 10 is 406 (Pre Deepawali) to 697 μg m 3 (On Deepawali Day) respectively. In the station 1. NO 2. slightly increased from 25 to 31. Whereas in station 2 concentration of NO 2 has reduced from 34 μg/m 3 to 27 μg/m 3. The SO 2 concentration, there was no much variation on pre Deepawali and Deepawali day. Noise: db(a) : The noise level increased on Deepawali, from 47.7 to 84.1 db (A) Leq in Agra. On Deepawali day, noise was found to be higher than prescribed limit (Standard limit db (A) Leq) 17

20 6.0 Vadodara The Central Pollution Control Board Zonal office, Vadodara conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Noise Level monitoring (as shown in Figure 8) at three locations to study impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. Air Quality Monitoring Locations Figure 8 : Monitoring Locations at Vadodara 18 Noise Monitoring Locations The Ambient Air Quality and Noise monitoring data of Vadodara is given in Table 12 and Table 13 respectively. Table 12: Ambient Air Monitoring During Deepawali, 2013 Parameters monitored Monitoring Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Location SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Fatehgunj BDL BDL M.S. University BDL BDL Harinagar BDL NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL; All values are in µg/m 3.

21 Location Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels Table 13: Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali 2013 Normal Day Deepawali Day L min L max Leq (dba) L min L max Leq (dba) Fatehgunj to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr M S University to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr Harinagar to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr Observations: The noise level in the atmosphere is high in both normal day and Deepawali festival day. However, the Leq value are more or less same during pre Deepawali and Deepawali due to reduction of vehicular movement but contributed by bursting crackers at the Fatehgunj station. The stations located at Harinagar and Fategunj have reported high noise level during Deepawali day which is due to the bursting of fire crackers in the residential and nearby localities respectively. The concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 in all the three location before Deepawali and during Deepawali festival 2013 is within the standard limits. However SO 2 found only at Hari nagar residential area during the festival. It is mainly due to the bursting of fire crackers. There is not much variation in concentration of NO 2 in the 19

22 ambient air during Deepawali day and normal day. It may due to lesser movement of vehicles during the festival time. The level of PM 10 in the ambient air of Vadodara city is high. However, the PM 10 concentration increased from µg/m 3 to µg/m 3 at Harinagar during the festive season due to cracker emissions. 7.0 Kolkata The Central Pollution Control Board Zonal Office, Kolkata conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at five locations and Noise Level Monitoring at two locations to study the impact on Ambient Air and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. The Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring data is given at Table 14, 15 and 16. Salt Lake Tollygunge Air Quality Monitoring Locations Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 9 : Monitoring Locations at Kolkata 20

23 Table 14: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring data during Deepawali, 2013 Parameters monitored Monitoring Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Location SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Behala Tollygunge Kasba Salt lake Shyambazar Kasba-Ruby- More Lal Bazar Cossipore NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 Monitoring Location Behala Tollygunge Kasba Salt lake Shyambazar Table 15: Comparison of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring during Deepawali, 2012 & 2013 Year Normal Day Parameters monitored Deepawali Day SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 21

24 Table 16: Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali 2013 Normal Day Deepawali Day Location Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) North Kolkata to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr South Kolkata to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr Observations: The concentration of PM 10 in ambient air was found to be ten times more on Deepawali day when compared with the normal day due to bursting of crackers on Deepawali day. The concentration of NO 2 and SO 2 was slightly high on Deepawali day compared to the normal day but under the prescribed standard limit at most of the locations. But at Lalbazaar NO 2 found µg/m 3 on Deepawali day. At Cossipore, NO 2 found was high on normal day and Deepawali day. It is exceeded the prescribed ambient standard limit. The noise level is high during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day mainly due to the bursting of crackers. 8.0 Shillong The Central Pollution Control Board, Zonal Office, Shillong conducted Ambient Air Quality Monitoring and Noise Level monitoring at two locations to study impact on Ambient Air 22

25 and Noise levels due to bursting of fire crackers during Deepawali. The Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring data is given at Table 17 and 18. Upper Mawprem Air Quality Monitoring Locations Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 10 : Monitoring Locations at Kolkata Table 17: Ambient Air Monitoring During Deepawali, 2013 Parameters monitored Monitoring Normal Day ( ) Deepawali Day ( ) Location SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 Fire Brigade BDL BDL 66 BDL BDL 117 Upper Mawprem BDL BDL 88 BDL BDL 259 NAAQ Standards * For average calculation of SO 2, conc. 2.0 µg/m 3 has been taken as BDL All values are in µg/m 3 23

26 Table 18: Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali, 2013 Location Normal Day Deepawali Day Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Lmin Lmax Leq (dba) Fire Brigade to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr to hr Upper Mawprem to hr to hr to hr > to hr > to hr > to hr Observations: The air pollutants concentration of the monitored area are found to be within the standard limits except PM 10 parameters during Deepawali day. The noise level was found to be increased during Deepawali day due to bursting of crackers. 9.0 Other Major Cities CPCB requested to all SPCB s & PCB s to conduct the ambient air quality and noise level during Deepawali Some of the SPCBs/PCCs have submitted the data for ambient air quality and noise level monitoring conducted by them in capital city of their respective states. The overall ambient air quality data and noise level data of some of the important cities in India as per the studies conducted by SPCBs are given in the Table 19 and 20. Concentration of pollutants and noise level at various cities in India also depicted in Figures 11, 12 &

27 Table 19: Ambient Air Quality monitoring data of different States/cities during Deepawali, 2013 Parameters S.N. States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Deepawali Day SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 ASSAM 1 Guwahati Golaghat Silchar Bongaigaon Average ANDHRA PRADESH 5 Hyderabad Visakhapatnam Vijayawada Eluru Town Kakinada Town Guntur Kothagudem Warangal Karimnagar Ramagundam Beeremguda Sangareddy Nellore Kurnool Tirupathi Average MEGHALAYA 20 Shillong BDL BDL NAGALAND 21 Dimapur BDL BDL ODISHA 22 Angul Balasore BDL BDL Berhampur BDL Bhubaneswar BDL Cuttack BDL Keonjhar BDL BDL

28 Parameters S.N. States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Deepawali Day SO 2 NO 2 PM 10 SO 2 NO 2 PM Konark BDL Puri BDL Rayagada Rourkela Sambalpur Average PUNJAB 33 Amritsar Jalandhar Ludhiana Mandi Gobidngarh Patiala Average TAMIL NADU 38 Chennai Tiruppur Hosur Dindigul Salem Vellore Trichy Madurai Cuddalore Coimbatore Tirunelveli Average UTTAR PRADESH 49 Gorakhpur Jhansi Agra Sonbhadra Saharanpur Average PUDUCHERRY 54 Puducherry

29 Figure 11: SO 2 level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali 2013 in different States Pre-Deepawali Day SO2 Deepawali Day SO Figure 12: NO 2 level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali 2013 in different States Pre-Deepawali Day NO2 Deepawali Day NO Figure 13: PM 10 level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali 2013 in different States Deepawali Day PM10 Deepawali Day PM10 27

30 Observations: In the Assam State, it was observed that all air pollutants are well within the prescribed limit on pre-deepawali day except Guwahati where the PM 10 concentration was found 122 µg/m 3. Similarly, during Deepawali day SO 2 & NO 2 values are well within the limit except at Bongaigaon. All the remaining three places PM 10 conc. was exceeding the prescribed standard limit. In Andhra Pradesh, it is observed that SO 2 & NO 2 values are well within the prescribed limit during pre-deepawali & Deepawali day. But, in Hyderabad, PM 10 is more than the prescribed limit on pre-deepawali & Deepawali. It is observed that PM 10 concentration is exceeded in all places during Deepawali festival except at Ramagundam. In Odisha, AAQM carried out at 11 locations. Values of SO 2 & NO 2 were well within the limit on Deepawali & Pre-Deepawali day. It was observed that at 6 locations, PM 10 is exceeding the limit on pre-deepawali day monitoring. But, during the Deepawali day, PM 10 was exceeding almost all places except Balasore & Rayagada. In Punjab at all five locations, values of SO 2 & NO 2 are well within the limit. But the concentration of PM 10 was exceeding at all the locations during Deepawali & pre- Deepawali day. In Tamil Nadu, AAQM carried out at 11 locations. Values of SO 2 & NO 2 are well within the limit on Deepawali & Pre-Deepawali day. Similarly, the value of PM 10 was within the prescribed standard limit on Pre-Deepawali day except Chennai. But, during the Deepawali day, PM 10 was exceeding at eight places out of eleven. In Uttar Pradesh, all five locations, values of SO 2 & NO 2 are well within the limit on Deepawali & Pre-Deepawali day. But the conc. of PM 10 was exceeded at all the locations except Gorakhpur during Deepawali & pre-deepawali day. Table 20: Ambient Noise level monitoring data of different major cities during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali 2013 States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Deepawali Day Commercial Residential Sensitive Commercial Residential Sensitive ASSAM Guwahati Dibrugarh Tezpur Golaghat Silchar Bongaigaon

31 States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels Deepawali Day Commercial Residential Sensitive Commercial Residential Sensitive ANDHRA PRADESH Hyderabad Vijayawada Guntur Kothagudem Kurnool Tirupathi Vizianagaram East Godavari West Godavari Nellore Nizamabad Sangareddy HARYANA Bahadurgarh Ballabhgarh Sonepat Panchkula Yamuna Nagar Hissar Jind Dharuhera Palwal Panipat Faridabad Gurgaon (South) Gurgaon (North) PUNJAB Amritsar Bathinda Faridkot Gurdaspur Hoshiarpur Jalandhar Ludhiana Mandi Gobidngarh

32 States/Cities Pre-Deepawali Day Deepawali Day Commercial Residential Sensitive Commercial Residential Sensitive Mohali Patiala Sangrur TAMIL NADU Chennai Tiruppur Hosur Dindigul Salem Vellore Madurai Trichy Cuddalore Coimbatore Tirunelveli TRIPURA Agartala Dharmanagar Udaipur UTTAR PRADESH Gorakhpur Jhansi Agra Allahabad Saharanpur MEGHALAYA Shillong NAGALAND Dimapur PUDUCHERRY Puducherry

33 Figure 15: Ambient Noise Level in different States during Pre-Deepawali, 2013 Figure 16 : Ambient Noise Level in different States during Deepawali, 2013 Observations: In Assam, Noise monitoring was carried out in six different cities. It is found that the maximum noise value was observed at Silchar city in both Residential and commercial area i.e. 108 db(a) and 115 db(a) respectively during the Deepawali dat. The noise level was increased during Deepawali day when compared with normal day in all the cities. 31

34 In the Andhra Pradesh, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations of 12 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level was observed at Commercial area of Guntur city i.e. 106 db(a) followed by the Residential area of the same city i.e. 105 db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Haryana State, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations of 13 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level was observed at Panchkula (C) i.e db(a) followed by the Ballabhgarh (R) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Meghalaya, Nagaland and Puducherry State, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations. The noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. There is no huge variations due to Deepawali festival. In the Punjab State, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations of 11 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level was observed at Gurdaspur (C) i.e. 84 db(a) followed by the Jalandhar (R) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Tamilnadu State, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations of 11 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level was observed at Tirunelveli (R) i.e. 93 db(a) followed by the Madurai (S) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Tripura State, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations of 03 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level was observed at Udaipur (R) i.e. 76 db(a) followed by the Agartala (C) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day. In the Uttar Pradesh, Noise monitoring was carried out in the various locations of 05 different cities. In all the cities, noise level was increased during Deepawali day as compared to the normal day. The maximum noise level was observed at Jhansi (C) i.e. 96 db(a) followed by the Saharanpur (C) i.e db(a) during Deepawali day Real Time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network CPCB is having a network of real time Ambient Noise Monitoring in Seven cities namely, Delhi, Kolkatta, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Lucknow, which are having 5 monitoring location each. The monitoring locations are shown in Figure

35 Monitoring locations Figure 17 : Real Time Ambient Noise Monitoring Network Central Pollution Control Board has conducted real time Ambient Noise Monitoring on Normal Day (October 29 th, 2013) and Deepawali Day (November 03 rd, 2013) at Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai and Mumbai. Monitoring carried out at various places covering various zones (viz. Commercial, Residential, Industrial & Silence). The city-wise Noise level on pre-deepawali day and Deepawali day has been given in Table 21. The values are compared with Ambient standards. 33

36 Table 21: On line Real time Ambient Noise monitoring data during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali, 2013 Pre-Deepawali Deepawali Sr. Station ( ) ( ) Station Name No No. Day Night Day Night time time time time Bengaluru, BTM(R) Bengaluru, Marathali(C) Bengaluru, Nisarga Bhavan(R) Bengaluru, Peeniya(I) Bengaluru, Parisar Bhavan(C) Chennai, Triplicane(R) Chennai, Guindy(I) Chennai, Perambur(C) Chennai, T.Nagar(C) Chennai, Eye Hosp.(S) Hyderabad, Abits(C) Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) Hyderabad, Jeedimetla(I) Hyderabad, ZOO(S) Hyderabad, Jublee Hills(R) Delhi, ITO(C) Delhi, NSIT(S) Delhi, Dilshad Garden (S) Delhi, CPCB(C) Delhi, DCE(S) Lucknow, Talkatora(I) Lucknow, Hajrat Gunj(C) Lucknow, P.G.I(S) Lucknow, Indira Nagar(R) Lucknow, Gomti Nagar(S) Mumbai, MPCB, HQ(C) Mumbai, Bandra(C) Mumbai, Ashp(S) Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hosp.(S) Mumbai, Thane(C) Kolkata, SSKM Hosp.(S) Kolkata, Gole Park(I) Kolkata, HQ(C) Kolkata, Patauli(R) Kolkata, New Market(C) Note: - Indicates above the Limit; - Indicates below the limit. All values in Leq db(a) Value not observed 34

37 The variation of Noise level during Pre-Deepawali and Deepawali day-2013 in 35 locations has been given in Figure 18 & 19. Figure 18: Real time Ambient Noise Level during Day & Night on Pre-Deepawali, 2013 Figure 19 : Real time Ambient Noise Level during Day & Night on Deepawali,

38 10.1 Overall Observations during Pre-Deepawali day (October 29, 2013) From Table 21, it is observed that the monitoring conducted in Day time during the pre- Deepawali day the minimum value was observed at Delhi, Dilshad garden (s) = 50 Leq.dB(A) and the Maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta(c) = 79 Leq db(a). It is found that Hyderabad, Punjagutta(c) is exceeding the standard limit. In the Night time monitoring the minimum value observed 46 Leq.dB(A) at all three places namely i) Bengaluru, Nisarga Bhavan(R), ii) Delhi, Dilshad garden (S), and iii) Delhi, DCE (S) and it is exceeding the standard Limit. The Maximum value observed at Delhi, ITO (C) and Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) = 73 Leq. db(a) and the noise level is exceeding the standard limit Overall Observations during Deepawali (Nov 03 rd 2013) From Table 21, it is observed that the monitoring conducted in Day time during Deepawali day the minimum value observed at Delhi, DCE (S) and Kolkata, Patauli(R) = 53 Leq.dB(A) and the maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) = 78 Leq.dB(A). It is found that except Kolkata, Patauli(R), remaining two places namely Delhi, DCE (S) and Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) the noise level is exceeding the standard limit. In the Night time monitoring the Minimum value observed at Delhi, DCE (S) = 49 Leq. db(a). The maximum value observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) = 74 Leq. db(a). It is found that both the places noise level is exceeding the standard limit Zone wise Assessment 11.1 South Zone In South zone, at 15 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are being operated by CPCB. The locations are given in Map A, B & C. 36

39 Map (A) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Hyderabad City. Map (B) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Chennai City. 37

40 Map (C) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Benguluru city. On pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Bengaluru Nisarga Bhawan (R) is 55 Leq.dB (A), and maximum value was observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 79 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Bengaluru, Nisarga Bhawan 46 Leq.dB (A) and maximum value was observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 73 Leq.dB (A). On Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Bengaluru, Peeniya (I) 56 Leq. db (A) and maximum value was observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 78 Leq.dB (A). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Bengaluru Nisarga Bhawan (R), Hyderabad, Zoo (S) and Hyderabad, Jublee Hills (R) are 41 Leq.dB (A) and maximum value was observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) 74 db(a). The variations are depicted in Figure 20. Figure 20 : Ambient Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali, 2013 in South Zone 38

41 11.2 North Zone In North zone at 10 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are being operated by CPCB. The locations are shown in Map D & E. Map (D) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Delhi City. Map (E) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Lucknow City. On pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Delhi, Dilshad Garden (S) 50 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value was observed at Delhi ITO (C) 74 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Delhi, Dilshad Garden (S) and Delhi, DCE (S) is 46 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value was observed at Delhi, ITO (C) Leq 73 db(a). On Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Delhi DCE (S) 53 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value was observed at Delhi ITO (C) 74 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Delhi, DCE(S) 49 39

42 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value observed at Delhi ITO (C) 73 Liq.dB(A). The variations are depicted in Figure 21. Figure 21 : Ambient Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali, 2013 in North Zone 11.3 West Zone In West zone at 05 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are being operated by CPCB. The locations are shown in Map F. On pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) and Mumbai, Thane (C) 65 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value was observed at Mumbai, MPCB, HQ (C) 71 Leq db(a). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) 57 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value was observed at Mumbai, MPCB, HQ (C) 68 Leq db(a). Map (F) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Mumbai City. 40

43 In the Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Mumbai, Thane (C) 66 Leq.dB(A) and maximum value was observed at Mumbai Bandra (C) and Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) 68 Leq.dB(A). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Navi Mumbai, Vashi Hospital (S) 58 Leq db(a) and maximum value was observed at Mumbai Bandra (C) 67 Leq db(a). The variations are depicted in Figure 22. Figure 22 : Ambient Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali, 2013 in West Zone 11.4 East Zone In East zone at around 05 locations, online real time noise monitoring systems are being operated by CPCB. The locations are given in Map G. Map (G) - Depicts the monitoring locations in Kolkata City. 41

44 In the pre-deepawali monitoring (i.e. normal day ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Kolkata, Patauli (R) 52 Leq db(a) and maximum value was observed at Kolkata, Gole Park (I) 74 db(a). During the night time, minimum value was observed at at Kolkata, SSKM Hosp.(S) 55 Leq db(a) and maximum value was observed at Kolkata, Gole Park (I) 71 Leq db(a). In the Deepawali monitoring (i.e ) during the day time, minimum value was observed at Kolkata, Patauli (R) Leq 53 db(a) and maximum value was observed at Kolkata, Gole Park (I) 77 Leq db(a). During the night time, minimum value was observed at Kolkata, SSKM Hosp.(S) 60 Leq db(a) and maximum value was observed at Kolkata, Gole Park (I) 69 Leq db(a). The variations are depicted in Figure 23. Figure 23 : Ambient Noise Level during Pre-Deepawali & Deepawali, 2013 in East Zone 12.0 Overall Conclusion The noise level was almost more during Deepawali day when compared with normal day in all the cities of India due to bursting of crackers. The maximum noise level was observed Leq 115 db(a) at Silchar, in Assam by the manual sampling. In the real-time noise level monitoring, the maximum noise level was observed at Hyderabad, Punjagutta (C) during Deepawali day time was 78 dba(leq) and during night time 74dBA (Leq). The concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 increased slightly during Deepawali day when compared to Pre-Deepawali day due to bursting of crackers, but remained within the air quality standard limits. The concentration of PM 10 was almost high in all the cities of India during Deepawali when compared to normal day. The concentration increased several times higher than normal day in states like Delhi, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and Odisha which may be attributed to bursting of crackers and meteorological conditions. 42

45 13.0 Recommendations 1. The Noise standards for fire-crackers were notified by MoEF under the Environment (Protection) (Second Amendment) Rules, 1999 vide G.S.R. 682(E), dated the 5th October, 1999 and inserted as serial no. 89 of Schedule I of the Environment (Protection) Rules, Subsequently these Rules were amended by the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2006 vide G.S.R. 640(E), dated the 16 th October, 2006, under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 guidelines should be followed by the manufacturer and the Department of Explosives to implement the following standards (i) (ii) The manufacture, sale or use of fire-crackers generating noise level exceeding 125 db(ai) or 145 db(c)pk at 4 meters distance from the point of bursting should be prohibited. For individual fire-cracker constituting the series (joined fire-crackers), the above mentioned limit be reduced by 5 log 10(N) db, where N = number of crackers joined together. 2. The State Government shall take measures for abatement of air pollution including noise emanating from various zones during Deepawali festival and ensure that the existing level do not exceed the Ambient Air Quality Standards and Ambient Noise Standards. 3. All concerned agencies like Electronic, print media, Central & State Governments, Central & State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees, Educational institutions & NGOs should create awareness among students & public at large to avoid bursting of fire-crackers to reduce air pollution & noise during festival of Deepawali. 4. The order of the Hon ble Supreme Court of India, dated September 27, 2001, prohibiting the use of fireworks between p.m. and a.m. should be strictly enforced. 5. Enforcement of legal action on un-authorised manufacturing, processing and selling of fireworks should be strictly ensured. 6. Designed places for bursting of fire-crackers/fireworks may be identified by the local authority, so that fire-crackers could be played at community level and not at individual houses. 7. Recognition for fire-crackers noise under criteria of cruelty to animals should be incorporated under relevant acts and rules. * * * 43

46 Annexure I The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 SCHEDULE (see rule 3(1) and 4(1)) Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Area Code Category of Area / Zone Limits in db(a) Leq* Day Time Night Time A Industrial area B Commercial area C Residential area D Silence Zone Note: (a) Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to p.m. (b) Night time shall mean from p.m. to 6.00 a.m. (c) Silence zone is an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions, courts, religious places or any other area which is declared as such by the competent authority. (d) Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority. * db(a) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing. A decibel is a unit in which noise is measured. A, in db (A) Leq, denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and corresponds to frequency response characteristics of the human ear. Leq: It is an energy mean of the noise level over a specified period 44

47 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS New Delhi the 18 th November 2009 Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels Annexure II In exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981), and in supersession of the notification No(s). S.O.384(E), dated 11 th April 1994 and S.O.935(E), dated 14 th October 1998, the Central Pollution Control Board hereby notify the National Ambient Air Quality Standards with immediate effect. Pollutant Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ), µg/m 3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), µg/m 3 Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10, µg/m 3 Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5µm) or PM 2.5, µg/m 3 Ozone (O 3 ), µg/m 3 Lead (Pb), µg/m 3 Time Weighted Average Annual * 24 Hours ** Annual * 24 Hours ** Annual * 24 Hours ** Annual * 24 Hours ** 8 Hours * 1 Hour ** Annual * 24 Hours ** Concentration in Ambient Air Ecologically Industrial, Sensitive Residential, Area Rural and (Notified by other Areas Central Government) Methods of Measurement - Improved West and Gaeke Method - Ultraviolet Fluorescence - Jacob & Hochheiser modified (NaOH- NaAsO 2 ) Method - Gas Phase Chemiluminescence - Gravimetric - TEOM - Beta attenuation - Gravimetric - EOM - Beta attenuation - UV Photometric - Chemiluminescence - Chemical Method - AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using Teflon filter 45

48 Pollutant Carbon Monoxide (CO), mg/m 3 Ammonia (NH 3 ), µg/m 3 Benzene (C 6 H 6 ), µg/m 3 Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) Particulate phase only, ng/m 3 Time Weighted Average 8 Hours ** 1 Hour ** Annual * 24 Hours ** Concentration in Ambient Air Ecologically Industrial, Sensitive Residential, Area Rural and (Notified by other Areas Central Government) Annual * Annual * Arsenic (As), ng/m 3 Annual * Nickel (Ni), ng/m 3 Annual * Methods of Measurement - Non dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Spectroscopy - Chemiluminescence - Indophenol blue method - Gas Chromatography (GC) based continuous analyzer - Adsorption and desorption followed by GC analysis - Solvent extraction followed by HPLC/GC analysis - AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper - AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper * Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. ** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring. NOTE Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigations. 46

49 Annexure III Protocol for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring The ambient air quality monitoring is to be carried out for minimum 24 hours as the national standard prescribed is for 24 hours. The sampling should be carried out for Particulate Matter (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10 as well as gaseous pollutants (SO 2 & NO 2 ) as per the NAMP format Hours to Hours. The sampling for gaseous should be done in four hourly duration and particulate matter in eight hourly duration. Methods of measurement Particulate Matter : Gravimetric method; Sampling using PM 10 (Size less than 10µm) or PM 10 High Volume Sampler and Glass microfibre filter Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) : Improved West and Gaeke Method Nitrogen dioxide(no 2 ) : Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (NaOH-NaAsO 2 ) Method The monitoring data sheets are attached as Annexure IV & V. 47

50 Annexure IV AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA SHEET FOR PARTICULATE MATTER (Size less than 10 µm) or PM 10 Station: Date: Shift Monitoring Duration Filter Paper No. Hourly Flow Rate (m 3 /minute) Average Flow Rate (m 3 /minute) Total Operation Time (Minutes) Initial Weight of Filter Paper (gms.) Final Weight of Filter Paper (gms.) Dust Contents (gms.) Total Volume of Air Sampled (m 3 ) Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 24 Hourly Average PM 10 (µg/m 3 ): Remarks: Name & Signature of Official on Duty: Analyzed by: 48

51 Annexure V DATA SHEET FOR GASEOUS POLLUTANTS (AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING) Graph Factor SO2 Station: Date: Graph Factor NO2 Shift Ist Shift IInd Shift IIIrd Shift Monitoring Period 10:00AM 10:00AM- 02:00 PM 06:00PM 10:00PM 02:00AM 06:00AM- 02:00PM- 06:00PM- 10:00PM- 02:00AM- 06:00AM Parameter SO2 NO2 SO2 NO2 SO2 NO2 SO2 NO2 SO2 NO2 SO2 NO2 Hourly Flow Rate (lpm) Average Flow Rate (lpm) Total Operation Time (Minutes) Initial Volume of Sample (ml) Final Volume of Sample (ml) Volume Taken For Analysis (ml) Total Volume of Air Sampled (lit.) Absorbance (Blank) Absorbance (Sample) Concentration (µg/m 3 ) 24 Hourly Average SO2 (µg/m 3 ): Remarks: Name & Signature of Official on duty Analyzed by: 24 Hourly Average NO2 (µg/m 3 ): 49

52 Annexure VI Protocol for Ambient Noise Monitoring on Deepawali Day 1.0 Purpose of Monitoring This protocol presents the method for Ambient Noise monitoring during Deepawali Festival. The objective is to see the impact of bursting crackers on Environment and whether ambient noise level is within prescribed noise level standard limit. 2.0 Monitoring Locations/Site Selection: Site in a city shall be selected such that each category (Residential, Commercial and Silence Zones) should be covered. Instrument should be placed considering following points : Instrument must be away from facades Instrument must be away from obstacles Microphone must be placed m above the ground level In dry conditions with a wind speed of less than 5 m/s Isolate the instrument from strong vibration and shock Close to any domestic premises, Hotel, Hostel, Hospital, Educational institution etc. 3.0 Monitoring Equipments Noise measurements will be made with a Type 1 integrating sound level meter with freefield microphone which meets the Accuracy of noise measurement as per IEC 804 (BS 6698) Grade I or ANSI Type I or equivalent IEC ( ) Class-I. 4.0 Monitoring frequency: Noise Monitoring on Deepawali Day is to be carried out from hr to hr continuously at each location. 5.0 Sampling Frequency/rate: Duration is of 6 hours from hr to hr with 1 sec sampling period. 5.0 Monitoring Parameters: Leq, L10, L90, L50, Lmax, Lmin, LAI (with 1sec sampling period at all locations). 50

53 6.0 Criteria for monitoring : The following criteria will be observed when undertaking the noise monitoring: a) During Deepawali sound comes from more than one direction, it is important to choose a microphone and mounting which gives the best possible Omni directional characteristics; b) The noise measurement equipment will be supervised continuously during the monitoring period and notes will be made of the date, time and prevailing weather conditions; c) Immediately prior to and following each noise measurement session the accuracy of the noise level meter shall be checked using an acoustic calibrator generating a known sound pressure level at a known frequency. Make sure that the instrument is properly calibrated. The sound level meter and calibrator will hold a current calibration certificate traceable to national standards; d) Noise measurements should not be made in fog and rain; e) A wind shield will be used at all times to prevent interference with sound levels; f) As far as is practicable, the pause facility on the noise measurement equipment will be used to exclude extraneous noise (e.g. low flying aircraft and road traffic passing in front of the microphone) so that the results recorded are representative of the site noise or if possible for road traffic/other source background noise can be eliminated from final reading by using the following formula: 7.0 The following details will be recorded: i) The date, time, location and duration of the measurement; ii) All predominant noise sources will be noted, which may include extraneous noise such as road traffic, aero-planes and other activity; iii) Weather conditions will be recorded including wind speed and approximate direction, cloud cover, rain and ground frost; 8.0 Noise Monitoring Records The particulars of the measurements recorded by the noise level meter shall be furnished in the monitoring data sheet, which is attached at Annexure VII. 51

54 Annexure VII Data sheet for Ambient Noise Monitoring on Deepawali Day Location: Date: Noise Level Meter Make : Model : Serial No. : Calibration Result of Noise Level Meter Calibration 94 db at 1000 Hz 114 db at 1000 Hz Initial Final Sampling rate S. No. Time duration File No. L equivalent db(a) 1 18:00 hr to 19:00 hr 2 19:00 hr to 20:00 hr 3 20:00 hr to 21:00 hr 4 21:00 hr to 22:00 hr 5 22:00 hr to 23:00 hr 6 23:00 hr to 24:00 hr Average L equivalent db(a) Between (18:00 to 24:00 hr) Name & signature of Official on Duty L max Between (18:00 to 24:00 hr) and L min Between (18:00 to 24:00 hr) 52

55 Say No to Crackers!

56 Other ENVIS Newsletters ENVIS Website ENVIS Team G. Ganesh G. Sc. Ganesh C & ENVIS Co-ordinator Hemlata Information Officer Prem Raj IT Assistant IT Assistant Published by : CPCB ENVIS Centre on behalf of Dr. Avinash Akolkar, Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi CPCB ENVIS CENTRE PARIVESH BHAWAN East Arjun Nagar, Shahdara, Delhi Website: cpcb-env@nic.in