Agricultural land in B&H

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1 "Cereals straw and agricultural residues for bioenergy _ Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina", HYDRO-ENGINEERING INSTITUTE SARAJEVO Semra Fejzibegović, B.Sc in Mech. Eng.. Agricultural land in B&H In accordance with the National Spatial Plan of B&H for period of (it is still in use until the new Plan is prepared) it has been confirmed that: Agricultural land in B&H is about half of the total land area of B&H, and amounts to 2,573,000 hectars (ha), or 50.3 % only % of agricultural land of bonity class I to IV

2 Relevant documents for data gathering Working material for the Preparation of Strategy of Environment Protection of FB&H ( ) Strategy of mid term development of agricultural sector in FB&H ( ) Strategy of mid term development of agriculture and rural regions in RS( ) Entity of Federation of B&H Total area 26,110.5 km 2 i.e., 2.6 mil ha 1,140,000 ha of total agricultural land and 63% of that is cultivated land, i.e. 719,000 ha (0.25 ha/inhabitant) 411,000 ha is tillage or 57,2% of cultivated land 42,000 ha are orchards or 5.8% 4,000 ha are vineyards or 0.6 % 262,000 ha are natural meadow or 36.4%

3 Republic of Srpska Entity in B&H 1,241,000 ha of agricultural land and out of that 908,000 ha of cultivated land, and out of that 590,000 ha are tillage and gardens Land characteristics in B&H 60 % of cultivated land is located on 500 m above sea level Five sixth of the territory with inclination above 12%- what limits mechanical cultivation

4 Land characteristics in B&H 70 % of land surface in B&H is exposed to erosion And near 200,000 ha is flood endangered. Site condition Climate and precipitation pattern are not favourable for agriculture. Water shortage in summer period is most limitating factor for agriculture development in Mediterranean part of the country, where the agriculture is impossible without irrigation.

5 Agricultural practice Currently the irrigation area is 4,630 ha, and potential area that should be irrigated is 74,000 ha The existing irrigation systems are dameged due to the war and negligence. Most of the land in North part of B&H which is used as cultivated land is consisted of high percentage of humidity and should be drainaged. Cereal straw resources In FB&H for 2006 we have: 33,493 ha of harvested cereals (wheat, rye, barley, oat) The ratio of mass of seed/ha and mass of straw is approx. 1:1 0,359 t/ha of stubble has been ploughed in

6 Production of agricultural waste for FB&H in 2006 Cereals straw amounts to approx. 12,000 t/year and Musty silage and hay quantity is approx. 70,000 t/year Agricultural practice Organic production- 116 ha of land, and that is % in relation to total cultivated land ha of land under the integral fruit production, what is 0.62 % in relation to total land under the orchards There is no institutions and economic instruments for agricultural waste management

7 Cattle raising in B&H Good natural conditions for development, especially in North-West Region of BiH where it has been estimated that current number of livestock is only 35 % of the pre war number According to the Statistical Yearbook it is obvious that the largest livestock is in Tuzla Canton- the biggest production of manure Current research Feasybility Study- Animal waste- Integral problem solving of farm and slughterhouse waste in Nort West region of B&H- EU CARDS Program for B&H-May,2005 North-West Region covers 13 municipalities from FB&H and 21 municipalities from RS

8 Production of manure in north west region Questionaries in 300 farms The total quantity of manure produced in Federation of B&H for 2006 has been calculated on the basis of daily and annual manure for each type of animal The number is approx. 4,550,000 t/year The most part of this amount (80%) has been spreaded over the cultivated land Production of manure Type of livestock Number of head Fresh manure per head (t/year) Total production of manure (t/year) Total of cattle 233, ,576,320 Total of sheep 541, ,002 Total of pigs 94, ,052 Total of horses 9, ,520 Total of goats 44, ,452 Total of poultry 6,786, ,727 Totally 4,548,073

9 Production of waste from cattle raising Approx. 4,550,000 t/year of produced manure Approx. 4,700 t/year of waste animal tissue Waste management Fertilizing of the agricultural land is mostly in use in B&H Currently there is no systems for production of biogas from agricultural waste Incineration- there is no active incineration plant that would be of public nature, some local examples

10 According to Solid Waste Management Strategy in B&H (August 2000): Due to high costs of building and operation of incineration plants for dangerous waste, it has been considered that it is not probable that the construction of even one incineration plant would be cost efficient in next 10 years If the volume of waste is going to increase and economic situation is going to improve, such solution can be feasible. Agricultural Cooperative Vrtoče Bosanski Petrovac System for gasification and incineration of biomass waste from poultry slaughterhouse with capacity of incineration of about 500 kg/day of such material. Operation hours of this plant is 10 to 12 hours/day. Power: 300 kw. Basic fuel: Animal waste from poultry slaughterhouse Support fuel: Wood waste, Agricultural waste,

11 Environmental aspects Emissions in accordance with EU standards and existing bylaws in RS and FB&H. Time for the gases stay in secondary chamber is 2-4 sec, on temperature up to 1300 o C are sufficient for elimination of possible halogenized organic substances. NOx reduction is possible with use of multiphase concept of incineration. CONCLUSION Land suitable for agriculture is scarce. The situation is much worsened by many minefields that prevent substantial areas of the land from being used for agriculture. The land is mostly parcelized Most of the land is not usable for agriculture without irrigation

12 Thank you for attention