Energy Harvest: Bio-Energy production from agricultural waste biomass

Transcription

1 Energy Harvest: Bio-Energy production from agricultural waste biomass María Lorena Falco 1, Sudhakar Sagi 1, Robert Berry 1, Jitendra Kumar 2, Y. Sudhakara Reddy 2, Thallada Bhaskar 2, Ignacio Melián Cabrera 1 1 European Bioenergy Research Institute, School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK 2 Bio-Fuels Division, Indian Institute of Petroleum. Dehradun, India UK-India Workshop on Energy for Economic Development and Welfare. Dehradun, October

2 2 Energy Harvest-Bio oil project Farmers from region Punjab, India, burn the crop residues in the open fields causing air pollution and consequently health problems to the population Biomass pyrolysis is a promising alternative for obtaining fuels and chemicals from sustainable sources, like wood, straw, agricultural residues, etc. Rice straw from Punjab fields can be used as feedstock for biofuel production 2

3 Punjab crop burning 3

4 Potential of rice straw for energy production Major agricultural residue: around 731 Tg/Yr ( ) around 90% world rice production comes from Asia. India contributes with almost 20% of this production. Double benefit: Avoiding crop burning and generating renewable energy. Low cost of raw material: the cost of rice straw is around 20/t. 4

5 Bio oil production: Slow pyrolysis in an Auger-Screw reactor Slow Pyrolysis Fast Pyrolysis Heating rate Low Very high Residence time Minutes Short: msec-sec Product yield Evenly distributed Around 70 wt.% bio-oil Condensation Standard condensation system Rapid cooling of vapors required Particle size Pellets Fine particles 5

6 Auger-Screw reactor Auger type reactors use an internal screw to transport biomass inside the reactor, while heating comes from the wall (e.g. heating jacket). Double Screw Single Screw Y. Yang et al. / Bioresource Technology 169 (2014)

7 Objectives Main Use waste biomass from rice straw harvested in India to produce any sort of energy Specific Optimize operational conditions in the slow pyrolysis of rice straw from India in a single screw reactor. Upgrading feedstock in order to obtain higher quality products. Upgrading the bio-oil fraction through blending with different oils. 7

8 Collaboration activities Aston-IIP 8

9 Lab Scale Single Screw Reactor N 2 inlet Pressure sensor Engine 1 Feeder hoper Engine 2 Feeder valve Gas outlet Reactor body (screw inside) Charpot 9

10 Reactor and condensation system Dry Ice Condenser Water condenser Rice straw Water GC Water Cotton filter Bio oil collection Char collection 10

11 Reactor and condensation system 11

12 Reactor and condensation system 12

13 I- Biomass characterization 1. Moisture content 2. Ash content 3. Thermo-gravimetric analysis 4. Calorific value 5. Lignocellulose, cellulose, extractives 6. Elemental analysis: CHNS 13

14 II- Obtain optimal pyrolysis parameters. Variables to investigate: Residence time Temperature Particle Size Slow Pyrolysis 14

15 III- Influence of biomass pre-treatment on bio-oil properties Acid wash Pyrolisis Rice straw Sample 1 Alkaline wash Pyrolisis Rice straw Sample 2 Steam explosion Pyrolisis Rice straw Sample 3 15

16 Planned product analysis Methodology Water content: Karl Fischer titration Pyrolysis products Liquid Char Gas Total acid number Elemental analysis (CHNS) Calorific value Density Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry (chemical composition) Ash content Flash point Thermo-gravimetrical analysis Gas chromatography 16

17 Biomass Analysis Characterization Method Moisture content (wt. %) Ash content* (wt. %) Experimental Heating Value (MJ/kg) Literature [1-4] Fuel Coal Carbon 34 Diesel 44 Gasoline 47 Heating Value (MJ/kg) -higher-calorific-values-d_169.html 1 H. Nam, S. C. Capareda, N. Ashwath, and J. Kongkasawan, Energy, 93, , J. Park, Y. Lee, C. Ryu, and Y. K. Park, Bioresour. Technol., 155, 63 70, S. Sun, W. Chen, J. Tang, B. Wang, X. Cao, S. Sun and R-C Sun., Biotechnol. Biofuels, 9 (1), , Gani, A., Naruse, I., Renew. En. 32, ,

18 Biomass Analysis Characterization Method Elemental Analysis (wt. %) C H N S O Cellulose (wt. %) Hemicel. (wt. %) Lignin (wt. %) Experimental Literature [1-3] H. Nam, S. C. Capareda, N. Ashwath, and J. Kongkasawan, Energy, 93, , J. Park, Y. Lee, C. Ryu, and Y. K. Park, Bioresour. Technol., 155, 63 70, S. Sun, W. Chen, J. Tang, B. Wang, X. Cao, S. Sun and R-C Sun., Biotechnol. Biofuels, 9 (1), , Gani, A., Naruse, I., Renew. En. 32, ,

19 Thermo-gravimetric Analysis Rice Straw, O 2 Weight (%) Temperature ( ο C) TGA dtga Weight (%) Derivative Weigtht (%/min) Rice Straw, N Temperature ( ο C) TGA dtga Derivative Weigtht (%/min) 19

20 Future activities IV- Blending with bio-diesel and other vegetable oils. Study of blend stability and maximum bio-oil miscibility V- Engine tests with the produced blends VI- Bio-refinery approach 20

21 Financial Support: Thank you for your attention! Questions?