Tel Aviv s s Urban Water system ; from Source to Reuse. Avi Aharoni

Transcription

1 Tel Aviv s s Urban Water system ; from Source to Reuse Avi Aharoni SWITCH Project: Workshop on Learning Alliance December 10-11, 11, 2006 Tel Aviv, Israel

2 Annual Rainfall in Israel Desert Border RAINFALL less than to to to to 1,000 more than 1,000

3 Water Sources Surface Water Ground Water Rain Enhancement by Cloud Seeding Desalinated Sea and Brackish Water Wastewater treatment and Effluent reuse

4 The National Water Supply Western Galilee Basins Carmel Basin Coastal Basin Kinneret and Golan Basins Eastern Basins 100% 80% Annual Water Consumption in million m 3 (m.c.m.) Mountain Basin (Yarkon-Taninim) 60% 40% Others Mekorot 20% Negev Basins 0% Residential Industry Agriculture Total Watershed Arava Basins Others Mekorot Total Based on 2004 figures

5 Water Sources in 2005 and % 20% % 15% 71% 5% 22% 50% 1% Natural Water Brackish Water Desalination 3% Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Treated Waste Water

6 Water Challenges Supply water to the growing demand in an arid region. Dealing with a vast array of water quality and security issues Copping with security issues

7 Water Supply Main Goals Maintaining and improving water supply reliability, efficiency and quality. Developing the water system for sustainability and future needs. Maintaining water sources and developing additional water sources. Decreasing water loss. Decreasing operational costs.

8 Decision support system for Integrated water systems Mekorot developed computerized Decision support systems such as: - Operation of Lake Kinneret under conditions of uncertainty (on daily and monthly basis) - Operation of the Mountain Aquifer - Water Quality modeling for the National Water System - Desalinated Water Integration Simulator - Hydrological models of the Lake Kinneret Watershed - Design of the seasonal operation of the Dan Region Reuse Project - A model for the operation of the Coastal Aquifer - A model for the integration of desalinated seawater into the National Water Supply System - Statistical models for the analysis of changes and trends in water supply systems

9 Haifa Israel s National Water Supply System Tel Aviv Sea of Galilee Jerusalem Eilat 8

10 Control System Control rooms 8

11 Optimization Models for Water Management Optimization of water resources exploitation and raising the level of reliability of supplies through conjunctive use of surface, ground water, reused effluent and desalinated water Flood control Drought management מפת אגן ההיקוות 1983 על פי ברמן ודובינסקי

12 THE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS FLOCCULATION and SEDIMENTATION COMP. DISINFECTION PRE-CHLORINATION Cl 2 ESHKOL TTA DISINFECTION ClO 2 + NH 2 Cl BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT TZALMON SAPIR

13 The Jordan Canal Amud Siphon

14 ESHKOL MAIN TREATMENT FACILITY OPERATIONAL RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION BASIN 1.5 Million m Million m 3 FUTURE FILTRATION PLANT

15 Filtration Project of Surface Water

16 DISINFECTION IN THE INWSS THE ESHKOL RESERVOIR CHLORINE DIOXIDE SOLUTION ט יפול ביו לו ג י CHLORINE SOLUTION + AQUA AMMONIA 108 PIPE

17 108 PIPE LINE 85 Km LONG 1.7 Mm3/day 108 valve

18 Water Resource Management The national network combines four main water sources that provide unique operational flexibility. Supplying water reliably for various uses. Operational planning with unique and advanced models.

19 Rain Enhancement

20 Online Monitoring

21 Rain Enhancement - Using rain enhancement under professional guidance of the rain committee. - Researches show an increase of 18% in precipitation in the Sea of Galilee Drainage Basin - 3 seeding aircrafts and 35 ground generators.

22 Rain Enhancement (continued) Meteorological Radar

23 Wells 1,150 wells nation wide. Drilling to depths of up to 1,500 meters to different aquifers. Producing water from depths of up to 450 meters different water qualities. Advanced drilling technologies and equipment installation. Advanced rehabilitation techniques overcome of clogging of wells.

24 Water Quality In the last 10 years, Mekorot has constructed: 1,000 chlorination plants 100 fluoridation plants 16 filtration plants (including the Central Filtration Plant at a cost of 100 million US$)

25 water Security Policy Intelligence Threat Evaluation Procedures and organizational preparedness Prevention Detection Identification Mitigation and rehabilitation Treatment Back to routine

26 The Threats Intentional contamination of water systems with the following: Chemical agents Biological agents Radiological agents Disruption of water supply Employees security Information security

27 Desalination 29 Desalination plants Over 30 years of experience. Continuing implemental of new technologies for: reducing energy and chemical Consumption boron removal

28 PILOT PLANTS RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Desalination Sites NAHAL TANINIM ( 1997 ) BRACKISH (SURFACE) WATER ASHDOD ( 1988 ) MEDITERRANEAN SEA Haifa MIZPE SHALEM ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day EIN BOKEK ( 1988 ) 50 m 3 /day EILAT ( 1994 ) RED SEA NEVE ZOHAR ( 1986 ) 50 m 3 /day Large plants: Shomrat Hadera Palmachim Ashdod Ashkelon Lahat-Granot RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT KFAR DAROM ( 1989 ) 50 m 3 /day NAHAL MORAG ( 1991 ) 50 m 3 /day BEER ORA ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day EILOT ( 1986 ) 50 m 3 /day RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER SUPPLY MAAGAN MICHAEL ( 1994 ) 1,200 m 3 /day BW - SABHA "A" ( 1978 ) 25,500 m 3 /day BW - SABHA "B" ( 1993 ) 10,000 m 3 /day SW - SABHA "C" ( 1997 ) 10,000 m 3 /day Ceasarea Tel Aviv Jerusalem Ashdod BeerSheva Eilat NEOT HAKIKAR ( 1982 ) 50 m 3 /day EIDAN ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day EIN YAHAV ( 1992 ) 50 m 3 /day LOTAN ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day YAHEL ( 1979 ) 50 m 3 /day KTURA ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day GROFIT ( 1974 ) 50 m 3 /day YOTVATA ( 1973 ) 50 m 3 /day MAALE SHACHARUT (1985 ) 50 m 3 /day ELIPAZ ( 1983 ) 50 m 3 /day SAMAR ( 1979 ) 50 m 3 /day SDE UVDA 1 (1979 ) 250 m 3 /day (RESERV.) SDE UVDA 2 (1980 ) 500 m 3 /day (RESERV.)

29 Brackish Water NEVE ZOHAR 13,000 m 3 /day GRANOT 7,600 m 3 /day

30 Effluent Desalination The Goal: Reuse of the effluent that not be able to recharge ( 16 Mm3 in 2020), and upgrade the effluent quality for unrestricted irrigation. Effluent not be able to rechrge(mm3/year) Mekorot is operating in Shafdan a pilot plant for effluent desalination to produce a capacity to desalinate effluent in such this amounts.

31 Water Supply to Tel Aviv

32 Water supply to Tel Aviv אספקת המים למרכז גוש דן תתבסס על 4 צירים ראשיים: - קו פי גלילות בקוטר "60. - קו אם המושבות בקוטר "42. - קו אלוף שדה בקוטר "60. - קו לדרום תל אביב בקוטר "40.

33 Dan Region WWTP and Reclamation 2.0 million p.e.

34 SAT basins Each are divided to sub-basins Soil Aquifer Treatment View from a sub-basin at the beginning of the filling cycle and a soil treatment machine Cross Section of the Soil and Aquifer under the Recharge Area Detention time: months

35 The Third Line to the Negev Reclamation Aims Supply of 160 MCM/Year for irrigation and replace of fresh water with reclaimed water for agriculture Mekorot s Activities Operation of the Shafdan WWTP( treats 125 MCM/Year and serves 15 cities with up to 2 million population equivalent ) Effluent recharge to the aquifer Operation of the reuse project: Draw water from 150 recovery wells, seasonal storage, supply to the Negev for unrestricted irrigation Vast water quality monitoring program, and strong connection with the farmers to solve operation and other problems

36 Agriculture with Reclamation Oranges Carrots Potatoes Lettuce Flowers Wheat

37 Crops Irrigated by Reclaimed Water

38 Crops Irrigated by Reclaimed Water

39 Crops Irrigated by Reclaimed Water

40 Crops Irrigated by Reclaimed Water

41 Reused effluent in Israel in relation with another countries 80% 70% 60% 72% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 12% 9% 8% 5% <1% Israel Spain Australia Italy Greece C. Europe

42 Effluent Reuse Projects in Mekorot צפת כפר התבור ואיכסאל ת. קישון פרדסי תענך ג לג ל כרמיאל שלוחה מערבית אל רוחה פרדס חנה חדרה ע. חפר הרצליה גאולת הירקון ספרייה לטרון נשר נען-חולדה גזר גוש עציון עג'ור עדולם operation planning שוקת שפד"ן

43 Water Price (Mekorot) 30 cent/ m Fresh water - Agriculture use treated water - Agriculture use drinking water

44 Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Desalination Treated Water Desalination Treated Water Natural Water US$/m3 29 Rupee 18 Rupee 14 Rupee 5 Rupee Cost production Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Desalination Treated Water Desalination Treated Water Natural Water 7 Rupee

45 Water consumption by segments Mekorot M m3/year Agriculture use drinking water

46 Algae in effluent reservoirs

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48 Zooplankton control by fish

49 Algal blooms control by ultrasound

50 Monitoring Clogging Irrigation Systems