Design out. Waste Workshop. A guidance document produced by Network Rail in collaboration with:

Transcription

1 Design out Waste Workshop A guidance document produced by Network Rail in collaboration with:

2 Guidance on Designing out Waste: How to run a Design out Waste Workshop This document provides guidance on how to run a Design out Waste Workshop (DoWW). This guidance is based on information that can be used as a foundation to running a DoWW for any type of project. It will provide time frames, responsibilities and steps necessary for the process. This document is designed to help support the reduction waste and enable IP Great Western and Crossrail Region to achieve the target of ensuring every project runs a Design out Waste Workshop. It will also support Network Rail targets to divert 95% waste from landfill (minimum 90% diversion and stretch target of 98%). The Workshop How long will it take? When should it be run? Anytime between GRIP 3-4. Attendees should be briefed prior to the workshop to bring shared learning On average between 2 and 3 hours are required for the workshop Can it be run in conjunction with other workshops? Who must attend? NR project team; design team; construction representative; specialist subcontractors. The DoWW can be run in conjunction with other workshops such as Value Engineering, Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Design How is it structured? Three sections: 1. Awareness Session 2. Creativity Session 3. Reasoning Session

3 Section 1: Awareness Session Objective All participants have a clear understanding of the waste reduction principles and why this workshop is being run. Time scale Up to 30 minutes During this session the facilitator will introduce the group to the principles of designing out waste and what advantages can be gained from focusing on ways of reducing waste (e.g. cost, carbon savings). Information on these principles can be found in Appendix A. The key waste streams related to the project should be identified and if possible waste forecasts made. Section 2: Creativity Session Objective Generate ideas focusing on how the design of the project can be developed or even changed to reduce waste. Time scale minutes Here an array of ideas for waste reduction related to the project scope of works will be considered for the Reasoning Session. Top tips for this session include: There should be a free wheel for ideas, no criticism allowed; Go for quantity and expand on other s ideas; and Write it, shout it, throw it ideas should be written on note cards or post-its, one idea per card, maximum three lines. If ideas are not flowing, or if the workshop is losing focus, refer back to Designing out Waste Principles to regain the stability of the scope (see Appendix A) or try asking some of the prewritten open questions presented in Appendix B. Section 3: Reasoning Session Objective Evaluate the ideas from the creative session for their waste reduction potential and feasibility for implementation in terms of cost, programme and quality. Time scale Allow the rest of the session for this An Opportunities Matrix should be completed, with each idea from the Creativity Session falling into one of the four quadrants. A blank template is provided in Appendix C.

4 Category A: further investigation actions assigned to an individual who has expertise in the relevant subject (e.g. an opportunity relating to the bridge deck would allocated to the civils engineer; one relating to signalling equipment to a signalling engineer; one relating to track work to a track engineer etc.). Completion dates should also be set to ensure they are progressed. Where actions are assigned for further investigation, provide action including metric using form in Appendix D. Categories B-D: Reviewed periodically, with the Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) review (at least 6 months) to check whether changes to the project increase their potential for consideration. Recording and Output Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) All initial forecast of waste should be recorded in the relevant section of the SWMP. All waste reduction ideas should be recorded in the relevant section of the SWMP. If further investigation is required by specialist professionals then actions should be assigned to those people. Guidance on how to complete a SWMP and what to do with the output can be found on the GW&C Region IMS page for Waste Minimisation as well as on Safety Central. The output of this workshop should be integrated into the overall design process of the project and be directly embedded into the GRIP 5 procurement process.

5 Appendices

6 Appendix A Five Principles of Designing out Waste Five Principles of Designing out Waste During the design process there are numerous opportunities to reduce waste. This guide provides a systematic approach to identifying and implementing them at project level. It is based on key principles distilled from extensive consultation, research and work carried out by WRAP directly with design teams. This research has identified five key principles that when applied can help reduce waste at design: 1. Design for Reuse and Recovery 2. Design for Off Site Construction 3. Design for Materials Optimisation 4. Design for Waste Efficient Procurement 5. Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility In this section the guide aims to address each of these principles and consider their opportunities for designing out waste. Design for Reuse and Recovery This principle focuses on making as much use of free materials that are available on site or on nearby sites which can achieve considerable cost savings. It is impossible to eliminate the import of materials completely, which means the Design for Reuse and Recovery of materials already on site is fundamental to achieving materials resource efficiency. For this reason; design for reuse and recovery can be split into two subsections; Below are a couple of examples of generic opportunities that are available to enable reuse and recycling of materials on site.

7 Reusing existing foundations, floor slabs, pavements, structures and drainage Designing site layout to use existing topography and features Balancing cut/fill quantities Manufacturing soils on site using PAS 100 compost Treating of soils with cementitious agents and use of hydraulically bound materials (HBM) Using geosystems to enable use of material on site In-situ remediation or encapsulation of contaminated land Crushing/screening arisings for use as recycled aggregates Cold recycling of pavements Sometimes it is impossible to reuse and recycle materials on site and more are needed to be brought to site to enable the delivery of the project. These are referred to as recycled content. Examples of these can be found below. Using recycled/secondary aggregates in unbound applications Using steel with high recycled content Using PAS100 compost in soils manufacture and landscaping Reclaimed railway ballast Using recycled steel in piles, safety barriers, decks, rails, structures, etc Using recycled plastic in kerbs, railway sleepers, piles, etc Using high recycled content in pipes, e.g. recycled aggregate in concrete, recycled steel, plastic, etc Using geosystems with imported fill to reduce layer thicknesses

8 Design for Off Site Construction The benefits for designing waste off site has shown to considerably reduce waste on site by changing the construction process into one of a rapid assembly of parts that can provide many environmental, commercial and social benefits, including: Improved workmanship quality and reducing errors Reduced construction timescales and improved programmes Off Site Construction Reduced Waste on Site Improved Health and Safety on site through avoidance of accidents Reduced construction related transport movements It is vital that all necessary specialists are involved in the designing for offsite construction. When piling for example, a number of issues need to be taken into account including ground conditions, adjacent structures, limits on noise and vibration, and anticipated loadings such as wind gales. In terms of when in the design stage this needs to be considered, there are a number of advantages in planning to design for offsite construction in the preliminary stages of design. These include: Structural design/system selected; Project timescales; Coordination with other work packages; Project buildability; and Procurement routes.

9 Design for Materials Optimisation Materials Optimisation means adopting a design approach that focuses on materials resource efficiency so that less material is used in the design and/or less waste is produced in the construction process, without compromising the design concept or required performance. Think LEAN Original Design Materials Same Design Concept There are three subsections to material optimisation: 1. Use of geosystems 2. Innovation to reduce overall material use 3. Simplification and standardisation of materials and component choices Use of Geosystems One such technical solution used for the design of materials optimisation is the use of geosystems to avoid having to excavate soft foundation soils, which may be unable to support the proposed loading from embankments or structures. Innovation to reduce overall material use An example of this could be to reduce the weight of a structure so that fewer/lighter materials are needed to stabilise it, for example using fibre reinforced composites rather than cement without affecting the performance. Simplification and standardisation of materials and component choices By simplifying and standardising the works of a project the level of reworking and amount of off cuts can be potentially decreased whilst improving the buildability of the scope. Though this tends to be considered in the detailed design stage, by including it earlier on the in design stage the more likely it will be that standardisations will be applied.

10 Design for Waste Efficient Procurement This principle focuses on the importance of developing an early integrated project team to engage on waste minimization initiatives. One of the most important ways in which procurement can be used to promote waste reduction is by including commitments to reducing waste in contracts throughout the supply chain, including those for designers. Designer Contractor Client Subcontractors Waste Minimization Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) can be included in the contract with the involvement of the design team and developed in conjunction with the principle contractor. With this contractual targets can be created to enable requirements for waste minimisation. Examples of this may include: Specifying high recycled content packaging where required Offering off-cuts to local Charities/Public Staff training to avoid damage and spoilage (wastage) Minimization and reuse of supplier packaging Develop take back scheme with suppliers for unused materials

11 Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility We need to consider how materials can be recovered effectively during the project operational life cycle. Greater Resource Efficiency Lower Cost Design Phases Construction Commissioning Phase Operational Maintenance and Refurbishment End of Life - Deconstruction/ Decommission Specify Reusable/Recyclable materials wherever possible. Consider adaptability for potential future expansion Consider deconstruction flexibility. Construct with Reusable/Recyclable materials wherever possible. Add any required future expansions fittings/connections. Use easily disassembled components.

12 Appendix B Prewritten Questions Design for Reuse and Recovery Are any existing foundations, structures, pavements, floor slabs or services on the site that can be reused or refurbished either in part or wholly to meet the client s requirements? Can the proposed site layout be matched to the existing topography to minimise the amount of earthworks? Is imported topsoil likely to be required; if so, identify whether there are suitable materials for soil manufacture on site as an alternative, and incorporate into the cut/fill balance? What structural materials are being used? Can similar materials be used that have a recycled content or higher recycled content? Design for Off Site Construction Are there large structural elements in the design such as culvert sections or bridge sections? Can these be constructed off site? Are there any measures required on site to enable off site construction to be used (e.g. amendments to entrances and exits, requirements for space and height at relevant stages of construction). Design for Materials Optimisation Are ground improvement techniques likely to be required if weak foundation soils are present? Can work platforms be maximised for the use of recycled and secondary aggregates and integrate into the permanent works? Are there any structural solutions that use less material and simplify the structural solutions as much as possible? Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility Is future expansion or modification of the construction likely to be required and if measures need to be included in the design to facilitate this. What are the implications of Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility to major elements in the compound? Design for Waste Efficient Procurement What are the requirements of demolition contractor with the client to maximise reuse, recovery and recycling? What are the procurement routes responsible for the identified waste streams and initiate discussions with potential contractors and/or subcontractors to identify ways to minimise these? What are the waste minimisation initiatives with the client and are they embedded in drawings, specifications and contracts?

13 Appendix C Options Matrix

14 Appendix C Options Matrix Template and Table Project Name Date Idea Matrix Position

15 Appendix D Actions Form and Example Actions Form Project Name Date Idea Action (including responsibility) Metric Completion Date

16 Example of Action Form Project Name Joe Blogs Bridge Date Idea Action (including 01/02/17 Reduce carbon by using carbon reduced cement responsibility) Use carbon tool kit to test how much carbon saved JB Metric Tonnes of carbon reduced Completion Date 02/03/17 Joe Blogs Bridge 01/02/17 Reuse timber to create bird boxes Look into how much excess timber likely to have FP Tonnes of waste reused 02/03/17 Possible metrics include: cost savings (including material and disposal cost savings); waste reduction; carbon reduction; time savings; labours saving