Energy Efficiency. & Sustainable Housing Design JOHN B. GODDEN B.E.S OFNTSC CONFERENCE. August 25th, 2010 SUSTAINABLE HOUSING FOUNDATION 1

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1 SUSTAINABLE Energy Efficiency HOUSING & Sustainable Housing Design JOHN B. GODDEN B.E.S OFNTSC CONFERENCE August 25th, 2010 FOUNDATION 1

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3 The Problem Nine dots are arranged as shown. The problem is to link up these nine dots using only four straight lines which must follow on without rising the pencil from the paper.

4 The Solution The message: Think outside the BOX!

5 What a high performance house is Safer Healthier Durable Comfort

6 1. Voluntary Approach: Clearsphere Enviro Home

7 Our Thin Shell Earth s troposphere, 90% of the atmosphere is12 km (40,000 feet) thick. The same as the distance from the foot of Yonge St to the 401.

8 What the SHF Does Formed in 2007, to meet the challenge of ever higher customer, code, and local government expectations for building green homes Created a series of media based challenges Green is 50 Realtors Challenge Municipal Challenge (pending) Renovators Challenge (pending) Envelope Challenge (concept) Working on all aspects of the building process to level the playing field for building Green Working with local governments to set terms for preferential allocations Support builders and local governments with design charrettes and training 8

9 LOVE Agapē - divine, unconditional and selfsacrificing affection Philios - friendship or generally non-sexual affection Eros - affection of a sexual nature, being in love

10 What is a Green Product? Sustainability A method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged (Merrian-Webster s Definition) Good for People: Saves money Cost of heating a home and driving a car Improves health Maximizes indoor air quality, minimizes chemical pollution and reduces green house-gas emissions Good for the environment Reduce / Reuse / Recycle Good for the future Sense of security for the future, using resources wisely Generally does More With Less resources People and the economy are a part of the environment. If the environment suffers, so do the other two.

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13 Average Ecological footprints (hectares) United States 9.6 Canada 7.6 Australia 6.6 U.K 5.6 Europe (EU-25) 4.8 Middle East and Central Asia 2.2 Latin America 2.0 China 1.6 Asia Pacific 1.3 Africa 1.1 GLOBAL AVERAGE 2.2 *p 4. David Suzuki and David R. Boyd. David Suzuki s Green Guide, 2008.

14 Average electricity use per capita (kilowatt hours) 13,338 11,439 17,179 8,469 *p 6. David Suzuki and David R. Boyd. David Suzuki s Green Guide, 2008.

15 Average water use per capita (cubic meters) 1,730 1,300 1, *p 6. David Suzuki and David R. Boyd. David Suzuki s Green Guide, 2008.

16 Average amount of C0 2 generated by energy use per capita (metric tons) p 7. David Suzuki and David R. Boyd. David Suzuki s Green Guide, 2008.

17 AVERAGE SIZE OF NEW HOMES IN THE U.S (square feet) 1,000 1,500 2,080 2,434 *p 22. David Suzuki and David R. Boyd. David Suzuki s Green Guide, 2008.

18 Major uses of energy in homes in Canada 57 % 13 % 24 % 5 % *p 25. David Suzuki and David R. Boyd. David Suzuki s Green Guide, 2008.

19 SUSTAINABILITY IS...

20 THE INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS Charrette Photo

21 Goals of the Charrette Review the plans and modeling info as to the potential Identify and review potential energy improvements to the plans Identify areas that need more research Review first cost implications Discuss potential sponsors/partners and identify roles KISS - Keep it Simple Saugeen!

22 Site Plan Elevation

23 Walls and Roof

24 S-11 SuperStud: R-50 walls

25 INAC funding secured CMHC in discussions Hydro One in discussions Potential Partners Sustainable Housing Foundation Sponsors Roxul Insulation EnerWorks Solar hot water PowerPipe (DWHR) Uponor VanEE Your Solar Home Dow sheathing in discussions PV manufacturer to be approached Windows to be confirmed 25

26 Options Agreed Upon R50 walls, R70 ceiling, R22 basement, R10 underslab Heat recovery ventilation (high eff. fully ducted) Drain water heat recovery Solar Hot water in 1 (roughed in on 7) No A/C needed Thermal storage off peak (Electric Hot Water Tank) Baseboard s on second floor or not (unit 1) Solar air panels to heat top floors of the unit one One home a net energy positive home Seven near zero passive homes 26

27 Charrette Photo

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29 Brands, Labels & Rating Systems Consumer advocacy program allows builders to sell and market energy efficiency upgrades to prospective home buyers. EnerGuide is a rating system for new houses Energy Star is best-in-class label LEED is a green rating system

30 Energy & Atmosphere Energy Rating 0 represents major in air leakage, no insulation and high energy consumption. 100 represents very well insulated, airtight yet well ventilated, and heated by renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power. OBC 2006 EGNH of 73 Rodeo Green EGNH of 85 EGNH No benchmark for 0 new houses 100 HERS IECC2004 OBC 2006 Rodeo Green 0 means Net 100 HERS 85 HERS 43 Zero benchmark 0 * A HERS rating of 43 gives you 23 LEED points. What does an EnerGuide rating of 85 give you?

31 The Map to Near Zero Requires Benchmarking Base Good Better Best IECC 2004 OBC 2006 Energy Star Near Zero HERS 100 HERS 83 HERS 61 HERS 43 ERS??? ERS 74 ERS 79 ERS 85 Consumption* Consumption* Consumption* Consumption*??? GJ GJ GJ GJ Minimal Building Envelope * Space and Hot Water Heating Good Building Envelope Better Building Envelope (2.66 ach) Mechanical Ventilation (HRV) Peak Electrical Demand Reductions 1200 kwh Note: NEAR ZERO + on-site power generation PV & wind = Net Zero! Best Building Envelope (2.0 ach) Insulated Sheathing >= R7.5 High Performance Windows (Low E 2 Argon R4 or Better) F/H BSMT Insulation R22 Under slab Insulation R10 Integrated Mechanical System (Boiler and Fan Coil or Geo- Thermal) Mechanical Ventilation (HRV) Renewable Energy (Solar) Reduced plug load 4050 kwh

32 Total Household Energy Use ENVELOPE and SPACE HEATING ELECTRICAL LOAD ASSESSMENT 15% MINIMUM REDUCTION LIGHTING APPLIANCES AIR CONDITIONING RENEWABLES DOMESTIC HOT WATER SOLAR SPACE HEATING SOLAR HOT WATER PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN DRAIN WATER HEAT RECOVERY

33 Solar Hot Water Collectors

34 LEED Platinum Solar Air Collectors

35 WATER EFFICIENCY Grey Water Recovery Low Flush Toilets Rain Water Harvesting Low Flush Shower Heads

36 Drain Water Heat Recovery Unit Power Pipe FALLING FILM HEAT EXCHANGERS Concept has been known for over 40 years As liquid falls down a vertical section of pipe, it clings to the inner surface in a very thin film The energy from this film readily transfers through the copper and into the cold water that is in the outer coils The result is the cool coil flow is heated, while the warm drain flow is cooled MUST be vertical for this to happen

37 Design Heat Loss (DHL) An accurate heat loss of a building calculated using R- values of a building assembly, its air leakage rate and mechanical ventilation load on the coldest day of the year (Outdoor design temperature historically 2.5% of the time). I.E. Toronto (-18 O C or 0 O F) Comfort in a home is highly dependant on the temperature of its surfaces rather than that of the air.

38 Anatomy of Heat Loss In an OBC Home

39 Heat Loss 101 DHL = Conductive Losses + Ventilation Conduction: Q = A x Δ T R Ventilation Losses = mechanical (HRV) + Natural Infiltration (air test)

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41 HEATING AND VENTILATION 41

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43 HRV LAYOUT -1 st Floor 43

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45 Air tightness Tight is Right Get the Big Holes Interior air barrier details Exterior air barrier details Critical areas Use of foam in problem areas Full house foam Elimination of penetration ie. Exhaust ducted HRVs/ERVs Air tightness levels Air sealing techniques ESTAR exhaust fans and vent terminations

46 Floors and Walls: Theory of Insulation Installation practices: creating a dead air space Up to 30% heat loss in inter-cavity convection LEAKY CAVITY Heat transfer occurs through both conduction and convection. The process of convection speeds the effects of conductive heat loss. AIR TIGHT CAVITY Heat transfer occurs only by conduction because the insulation fills the cavity and the air barrier further prevents any air movement.

47 Durability : Three Year Plan Evaluation Under slab insulation (R10) More basement wall insulation (R16 R22) Interior or exterior placement ICF-insulated concrete forms Moisture barrier Radon Mitigation

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