Software Verification

Transcription

1 METHODOLOGY A comprehensive series of test problems, or examples, designed to test the various elements, analysis features, and design algorithms of the program were created. The results produced by were compared to independent sources, such as hand calculated results, theoretical or published results, or results obtained from other structural/finite element programs. The comparison of the results with results obtained from independent sources is provided in tabular form as part of each example. Many different equation solver options are available in. The different solver options typically give identical results for most of the analysis examples. For a few numerically sensitive problems the different solver options may give slightly different results. The results presented in this document are those obtained using the Advanced equation solver running as a separate 32bit process on an Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU with the Windows 7 Professional 64-bit operating system. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA The comparison of the validation and verification example results with independent results is typically characterized in one of the following three ways. Exact: There is no difference between the results and the independent results within the larger of the accuracy of the typical output and the accuracy of the independent result. Acceptable: For force, moment and displacement values, the difference between the results and the independent results does not exceed five percent (5%). For internal force and stress values, the difference between the results and the independent results does not exceed ten percent (10%). For experimental values, the difference between the results and the independent results does not exceed twenty five percent (25%). Unacceptable: For force, moment and displacement values, the difference between the results and the independent results exceeds five percent (5%). For internal force and stress values, the difference between the results and the independent results exceeds ten percent (10%). For experimental values, the difference between the results and the independent results exceeds twenty five percent (25%). METHODOLOGY - 1

2 The percentage difference between results is typically calculated using the following formula: Percent Difference = 100 Result Result -1 SUMMARY OF EXAMPLES The example problems are categorized into nine groups based on the structural elements used or design type in the example. Table 1 defines the nine groups, illustrates the example problem numbering system used for each group, and identifies the summary table used for each group. Group TABLE 1: GROUPING OF EXAMPLE PROBLEMS Structural Summary Elements Tested Example Numbering Table 1 Frame 1-001, 1-002,, 1-xxx Table Shell 2-001, 2-002,, 2-xxx Table Plane 3-001, 3-002,, 3-xxx Table Asolid 4-001, 4-002,, 4-xxx Table Solid 5-001, 5-002,, 5-xxx Table Link 6-001, 6-002,, 6-xxx Table Cable 7-001, 7-002,, 7-xxx Table Steel Frame Code Name Ex### Table Concrete Frame Code Name Ex### Table 2-9 As shown in Table 1, Tables 2-1 through 2-9 summarize the validation and verification examples for each of the nine categories. Tables 2-1 through 2-9 include the example number, the problem title, a summary of the program features tested and the method of independent verification. METHODOLOGY - 2

3 TABLE 2-1: SUMMARY OF GROUP 1 (FRAME) EXAMPLES No. Title Program Features Tested General Loading Temperature Loading Distributed and Concentrated Moments Calculation and application of Self load Projected, uniformly distributed load Application of Uniformly distributed load in global coordinates Uniformly distributed load in frame object local coordinates Trapezoidal and triangular distributed load on frames Joint moments and forces Static analysis of frames under all of these loading types The specification of Joint patterns The application of Temperature increase Transverse temperature gradient The calculation of Displacements in free expansion Reaction forces in restrained case caused by temperature loads The application of Distributed moments (uniform, trapezoidal, triangular) to frame objects Concentrated moments to frame objects using standard thermal expansion formulas and using Table 3 items 6a and 6c on page 107 in Roark and Young using equation on page 284 in Cook Rotated Local Axes Frame local axes rotated from global axes Use of AISC sections using the beam deflection formulas in Table 3 item 1a and Table 3 item 2a on pages 96 and 98, respectively, in Table 3 in Roark and Young Displacement Loading Non-Prismatic Sections and Automatic Frame Subdivision Settlement of support in frame structures Rotation of support in frame structures Settlement of support with linear (translational) spring Rotation of support with rotational spring Skewed supports Skewed support settlement Structural behavior of a non-prismatic frame section Self weight calculations Linear variation of section area Linear, parabolic and cubic variation of moment of inertia Linear variation of section torsional constant Automatic frame subdivision METHODOLOGY - 3

4 TABLE 2-1: SUMMARY OF GROUP 1 (FRAME) EXAMPLES No. Title Program Features Tested The end releases in a frame element, including Axial release End Releases Shear release Bending release The related frame static analysis Partial Fixity End Releases The partial fixity end releases in a frame element, including Shear partial fixity Bending partial fixity The application of gravity load to a frame object using basic statics Prestress Applied To Frame Objects End Offsets Insertion Point Prestress tendon with parabolic tendon profile and different eccentricities at the two ends Prestress tendon modeled usings loads Prestress tendon modeled as elements Prestress losses The use of end offsets in frames, including Non-rigid offsets Partially rigid offsets Fully rigid offsets The effect of end offsets on the frame static analysis results Cardinal point Joint offsets using basic principles and the unit load using statics No Tension and No Compression Frame Objects Tension and compression limits for frame objects End releases and Young 1985 together with statics Simply Supported Beam on Elastic Foundation Frame line spring assignments Static analysis of beam on elastic foundation Automatic frame subdivision Hand calculated using formulas presented in 3 on page 23 of Timoshenko Eigenvalue Eigenvalue analysis of a frame with unequal moment of inertia values (I22 I33) for bending modes Automatic frame subdivision based on formulas presented on page 313 of Clough and Penzien METHODOLOGY - 4

5 TABLE 2-1: SUMMARY OF GROUP 1 (FRAME) EXAMPLES No. Title Program Features Tested Steady State Harmonic Tension Stiffening Using P-Delta Analysis Steady state analysis of frame systems Time history analysis of frame systems with periodic loading Line mass assignment to frame objects Automatic frame subdivision P-Delta force assignment to frame objects Nonlinear static analysis using the P-Delta option Automatic frame subdivision illustrative example 20.2 on page 434 of Paz using equation 23 on page 28 and equations 43 and 45 on page 43 of Timoshenko Vibration of a String Under Tension Static nonlinear analysis using the P-Delta option to provide tension stiffening Modal analysis of frame for eigenvalues using vibration theory presented on pages 506 though 510 of Kreyszig Bending, Shear and Axial Deformations in a Rigid Frame Calculation of bending, shear and axial deformations in a rigid frame Frame property modification factors Buckling of a Rigid Frame Buckling analysis of a rigid frame Automatic frame subdivision using formulas presented in Article 2.4 on pages 62 though 66 of Timoshenko and Gere Response Spectrum Analysis of a Two- Dimensional Rigid Frame Modal analysis of frame for eigenvalues and time periods Response spectrum analysis Joint masses example on page 521 of Chopra Bathe and Wilson Eigenvalue Modal analysis for eigenvalues Line mass assignment to frame objects results published in Bathe and Wilson 1972 and comparison with results from another computer program published in Peterson METHODOLOGY - 5

6 TABLE 2-1: SUMMARY OF GROUP 1 (FRAME) EXAMPLES No. Title Program Features Tested Two- Dimensional Moment Frame with Static and Dynamic Diaphragm constraint Joint force assignments Joint mass assignments Modal analysis for eigenvalues Response spectrum analysis Modal time history analysis for base excitation Direct integration time history analysis for base excitation results from another computer program published by Engineering/Analysis and Computers/ Structures International ASME Eigenvalue Three-dimensional frame analysis Modal analysis using eigenvectors Joint mass assignments results from another computer program published in Peterson 1981 and in DeSalvo and Swanson Response Spectrum Analysis of a Three- Dimensional Moment Frame Three-dimensional frame analysis Modal analysis using eigenvectors Rigid diaphragm constraint Joint mass assignments Response spectrum analysis results from another computer program published in Peterson Response Spectrum Analysis of a Three- Dimensional Braced Frame Three-dimensional frame analysis Modal analysis using eigenvectors Rigid diaphragm constraint Joint mass assignments Response spectrum analysis results from another computer program published in Peterson Moment and Shear Hinges Static nonlinear analysis of a frame structure using moment and shear hinges and Young 1985 together with basic deflection formulas and superposition Construction Sequence Loading Nonlinear static analysis using the construction sequence loading option Frame end releases and Young 1985 together with basic deflection formulas. METHODOLOGY - 6

7 TABLE 2-1: SUMMARY OF GROUP 1 (FRAME) EXAMPLES No. Title Program Features Tested Large Axial Displacements Large Bending Displacements Static nonlinear analysis of frame structure with large axial displacements using the P-Delta plus large displacements option Frame end releases Static nonlinear analysis of frame structure with large bending displacements using the P-Delta plus large displacements option using basic statics. and Equation 4 in Article 7.1 of Chapter 7 on page 91 of Roark and Young Moving Moving load case Multi-step static load case for vehicles results published in Appendix A of AASHTO 1990 and hand calculation. METHODOLOGY - 7

8 No Description Patch Test With Prescribed Displacements TABLE 2-2: SUMMARY OF GROUP 2 (SHELL) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Membrane analysis using shell elements Plate bending analysis using shell elements Thin-plate option Thick-plate option Joint displacement loading based theory in Timoshenko and Goodier 1951 and Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger Results also Straight Beam with Static Membrane analysis using shell elements Plate bending analysis using shell elements Effect of shell element aspect ratio Effect of geometrical distortion of shell element from rectangular Joint force loading and Young 1985 and using formulas from Roark and Young Results also Curved Beam with Static Membrane analysis using shell elements Plate bending analysis using shell elements Joint force loading Results also Twisted Beam with Static Membrane analysis using shell elements Plate bending analysis using shell elements Joint force loading Results also Rectangular Plate with Static Plate bending analysis using shell elements Uniform load applied to shell elements Joint force loading based theory in Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger Results also METHODOLOGY - 8

9 No Description Scordelis-Lo Roof with Static TABLE 2-2: SUMMARY OF GROUP 2 (SHELL) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Three-dimensional analysis using shell elements Self weight applied to shell elements Gravity load applied to shell elements Uniform load applied to shell elements Some results Other results scaled from plotted results in Zienkiewicz 1977 that were calculated using theory presented in Scordelis and Lo Hemispherical Shell Structure with Static Three-dimensional analysis using shell elements Joint local axes Joint force loads Results published in MacNeal and Harder Cantilever Plate Eigenvalue Eigenvalue analysis using shell elements Area object mass assignment Area object automatic mesh Area object stiffness modifiers using Table 7.7 on page 7-30 of Harris and Crede Plate on Elastic Foundation Plate bending analysis using shell elements Area object spring assignment Joint force loads using equation 185 on page 275 of Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger Cylinder with Internal Pressure Three-dimensional analysis using shell elements Surface pressure load applied to shell elements Joint local axes using item 1b in Table 29 on page 448 of Roark and Young ASME Cooling Tower with Static Wind Pressure Three-dimensional analysis using shell elements Joint patterns Shell element surface pressure load using joint pattern Results scaled from plotted results in Zienkiewicz 1977 that were calculated using theory presented in Albasiny and Martin Plate Bending when Shear Deformations Are Significant Plate bending analysis of shell elements when shear deformations are significant Area object stiffness modifiers Frame distributed loads Results published in example shown on page 376 of Roark and Young METHODOLOGY - 9

10 No Description Temperature Load that Is Constant Through Shell Thickness TABLE 2-2: SUMMARY OF GROUP 2 (SHELL) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Temperature loading for shell elements using equation on page 9 of Cook Temperature Gradient Through Shell Thickness Temperature gradient loading for shell elements Area object local axes Joint local axes using formulas presented in item 8e of Table 24 on page 361 of Roark and Young Orthotropic Plate Plate bending analysis of shells Orthotropic material properties Area object stiffness modifiers Hand calculated using theory presented in Chapter 6 of Ugural Out-of-Plane Buckling Buckling analysis of shells Automatic area meshing (N x N) with added restraints Joint springs Frame property modifiers Frame distributed load Frame automatic subdivide at intermediate joints Hand calculated using theory presented in Timoshenko and Gere In-Plane Buckling Buckling analysis of shells Joint force loads Active degrees of freedom Hand calculated using equation 2-4 on page 48 of Timoshenko and Gere Large Axial Displacements Static nonlinear analysis of shell structure with large axial displacements using the P-Delta plus large displacements option Joint constraints using basic statics Large Bending Displacements Static nonlinear analysis of shell structure with large bending displacements using the P-Delta plus large displacements option Automatic area meshing and Equation 4 in Article 7.1 of Chapter 7 on page 91 of Roark and Young Prestress Applied to Area Objects Prestress tendon with parabolic tendon profile and different eccentricities at the two ends Prestress tendon modeled using loads and applied to area objects Prestress tendon modeled as elements and applied to area objects Prestress losses using basic principles and the unit load METHODOLOGY - 10

11 No Description Patch Test With Prescribed Displacements TABLE 2-3: SUMMARY OF GROUP 3 (PLANE) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Membrane analysis using plane stress elements Incompatible bending mode option for plane elements Joint displacement loading based theory in Timoshenko and Goodier Results also Straight Beam with Static Membrane analysis using plane elements Effect of plane element aspect ratio Effect of geometrical distortion of plane element from rectangular Joint force loading and Young 1985 and using formulas from Roark and Young Results also Curved Beam with Static Membrane analysis using plane stress elements Joint force loading Results also Thick-Walled Cylinder Analysis using plane stress elements Analysis using plane strain elements Plane surface pressure load based on theory in Timoshenko 1956 and based on formulas in Roark and Young Results also Pore Pressure Pore pressure loading for planes Joint pattern using basic principles. METHODOLOGY - 11

12 No Description Soil Supporting Uniformly Loaded Circular Footing TABLE 2-4: SUMMARY OF GROUP 4 (ASOLID) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Analysis using asolid elements Asolid surface pressure load Incompatible bending modes for asolid objects based on data presented in Poulos and Davis Thick-Walled Cylinder Analysis using asolid elements Asolid surface pressure load based on theory in Timoshenko Results also Rotating Annular Disk Analysis using asolid elements Asolid rotate load based on equations presented in Item 8 on page 567 of Roark and Young Pore Pressure Pore pressure loading for asolids Joint pattern using basic principles. METHODOLOGY - 12

13 No Description Patch Test With Prescribed Displacements TABLE 2-5: SUMMARY OF GROUP 5 (SOLID) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Patch test using solid elements Joint displacement loading Results also Straight Beam with Static Solid object bending with and without the incompatible modes option Effect of solid object aspect ratio Effect of geometrical distortion of solid object from a cube Joint force loading Results also Curved Beam with Static Solid object bending with the incompatible bending modes option Joint force loading Results also Twisted Beam with Static Solid object bending and twist with the incompatible bending modes option Joint force loading Results also Rectangular Plate with Static Plate bending analysis using solid elements Surface pressure load applied to solid objects Joint force loading based theory in Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger Results also METHODOLOGY - 13

14 No Description Scordelis-Lo Roof with Static TABLE 2-5: SUMMARY OF GROUP 5 (SOLID) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Three-dimensional analysis using solid objects Self weight applied to solid objects Gravity load applied to shell objects Some results Other results scaled from plotted results in Zienkiewicz 1977 that were calculated using theory presented in Scordelis and Lo Hemispherical Dome Structure with Static Three-dimensional analysis using solid elements Joint force loads Results published in MacNeal and Harder Thick-Walled Cylinder Analysis using solid elements Solid surface pressure load Joint local axes based on theory in Timoshenko Results also Prestress Applied to Solid Objects Prestress tendon with parabolic tendon profile and different eccentricities at the two ends Prestress tendon modeled using loads and applied to solid objects Prestress tendon modeled as elements and applied to solid objects Prestress losses using basic principles and the unit load Buckling Buckling analysis of solids Joint force loads Active degrees of freedom using equation 2-4 on page 48 of Timoshenko and Gere Temperature Load Temperature loading for solid elements using equation on page 9 of Cook Plate on Elastic Foundation Plate bending analysis using solid elements Solid object surface spring assignment Solid object automatic mesh Joint force loads using equation 185 on page 275 of Timoshenko and Woinowsky-Krieger METHODOLOGY - 14

15 No. Description Pore Pressure TABLE 2-5: SUMMARY OF GROUP 5 (SOLID) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Pore pressure loading for solids Solid local axis assignments Joint pattern using basic principles. METHODOLOGY - 15

16 No Description Linear Link with Ramp Loading TABLE 2-6: SUMMARY OF GROUP 6 (LINK) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Linear links Modal load case for eigenvectors Modal time history load case Direct integration time history load case Ramp loading using theory presented in section 4.5 on pages 126 through 129 of Chopra Multi-linear Elastic Link Gap Element Hook Element Damper Element Under Harmonic Loading SUNY Buffalo Damper with Linear Velocity Exponent Multi-linear links Displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis Gap element links Force-controlled nonlinear static analysis Nonlinear modal time history analysis Nonlinear direct time history analysis Frame point loads Joint force loads Joint mass assignments Ramp loading for time histories Hook element links Force-controlled nonlinear static analysis Frame temperature loads Damper element links Linear link elements Nonlinear modal time history analysis Nonlinear direct integration time history analysis Joint force loads Damper links with linear velocity exponents Frame end length offsets Joint mass assignments Modal analysis for ritz vectors Linear modal time history analysis Nonlinear modal time history analysis Linear direct integration time history analysis Nonlinear direct integration time history analysis Generalized displacements defined link forcedeformation characteristics. using standard thermal expansion formulas. using equation on page 70 in Chopra experimental results from shake table tests published in Section 5, pages 61 through 73, of Scheller and Constantinou SUNY Buffalo Damper with Nonlinear Velocity Exponent Damper links with nonlinear velocity exponents Frame end length offsets Joint mass assignments Modal analysis for ritz vectors Nonlinear modal time history analysis Nonlinear direct integration time history analysis Generalized displacements experimental results from shake table tests published in Section 5, pages 61 through 73, of Scheller and Constantinou METHODOLOGY - 16

17 No Description Plastic Wen Link TABLE 2-6: SUMMARY OF GROUP 6 (LINK) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Plastic Wen links Displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis Link local axis assignments Link gravity load defined link forcedeformation characteristics Plastic Kinematic Link Plastic kinematic links Displacement-controlled nonlinear static analysis Link gravity load defined link forcedeformation characteristics SUNY Buffalo Eight-Story Building with Rubber Isolators Rubber isolator links Linear links Zero-length, two-joint link elements Diaphragm constraints Modal analysis for ritz vectors Nonlinear modal time history analysis Nonlinear direct integration time history analysis Generalized displacements results from the computer program 3D-BASIS-ME (see Tsopelas, Constantinou and Reinhorn 1994) published in Section 2, pages 5 through 23, of Scheller and Constantinou SUNY Buffalo Seven-Story Building with Friction Pendulum Isolators Friction pendulum link elements Damper link elements Zero-length, two-joint link elements Diaphragm constraints Frame end length offsets Modal analysis for ritz vectors Nonlinear modal time history analysis Nonlinear direct integration time history analysis Joint masses experimental results from shake table tests published in Section 4, pages 43 through 59, of Scheller and Constantinou Frequency Dependent Links Frequency dependent links Steady state analysis using formulas and theory presented in section 3.2 on pages 68 through 69 of Chopra METHODOLOGY - 17

18 No Description Uniform and Temperature Loading TABLE 2-7: SUMMARY OF GROUP 7 (CABLE) EXAMPLES Program Features Tested Uniform load applied to cable elements Temperature load applied to cable elements Joint displacement loading Nonlinear static analysis results published in Figure 5 of Peyrot and Goulois, Uniform and Concentrated Loading Uniform load applied to cable elements Concentrated load applied to cable elements Response combination results Nonlinear static analysis results published in Section 4.6.2, Table 4.2, of Tibert, Prestressed Cable Net Uniform load applied to cable nets Concentrated load applied to cable nets Nonlinear static analysis results published in Section 4.6.3, Table 4.4, of Tibert, METHODOLOGY - 18

19 TABLE 2-8: SUMMARY OF GROUP 8 (STEEL FRAME DESIGN) EXAMPLES Design Code Examples Program Features Tested AISC Bending of a wide flange member Compression of a built-up wide flange member Examples F.1-2a and E.2 of AISC Design Examples, Vol. 13. AISC Bending of a wide flange member Compression of a built-up wide flange member Examples F.1-2a and E.2 of AISC Design Examples, Vol. 13. AISC ASD-89 Bending of a wide flange member Compression of a wide flange member Example 3 of Allowable Stress Design Manual of Steel Construction, 9 th Ed. AISC LRFD-93 Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and biaxial bending of a wide flange member Examples 5.1 and 6.2 of LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, 2 nd Ed. AS Ex003 Compression of a wide flange member Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member s. BS Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a square tube member s and Example 15 of SCI Publication P326. CSA S16-09 Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member Examples 1, 2, and 3 of the Handbook of Steel Construction to CSA S CSA S16-14 Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member Examples 1, 2, and 3 of the Handbook of Steel Construction to CSA S EN IS Ex003 Ex003 Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member Compression of a wide flange member Bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and biaxial bending of a wide flange member s. s. METHODOLOGY - 19

20 TABLE 2-8: SUMMARY OF GROUP 8 (STEEL FRAME DESIGN) EXAMPLES Design Code Examples Program Features Tested KBC 2009 Bending of a wide flange member Compression of a built-up wide flange member s. NTC 2008 Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member s. NZS Ex003 Compression of a wide flange member Bending of wide flange member Combined compression and bending of a wide flange member s. METHODOLOGY - 20

21 TABLE 2-9: SUMMARY OF GROUP 9 (CONCRETE FRAME DESIGN) EXAMPLES Design Code Examples Program Features Tested Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam ACI 318- Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam 08 s. ACI ACI AS BS CSA A CSA A EN IS KBC 2009 NTC 2008 NZS RCDF 2004 Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a T-beam Flexural reinforcement design of a T-beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam s. s. s. s. s. s. s. Example 1 from SP- 16 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete and hand calculations. s. s. s. s. METHODOLOGY - 21

22 TABLE 2-9: SUMMARY OF GROUP 9 (CONCRETE FRAME DESIGN) EXAMPLES Design Code Examples Program Features Tested SS CP TS Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Shear reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Flexural reinforcement design of a rectangular beam Example 3.4 of Chanakya Arya, Design of Structural Elements and hand calculations. s. METHODOLOGY - 22

23 MATRIX OF PROGRAM FEATURES COVERED IN EXAMPLES This section presents tables illustrating which element assignments, including loads, and which load case types are addressed in each of the analysis examples. Table 3 shows the contents of the matrix tables. TABLE 3: CONTENTS OF MATRIX TABLES Features Table Joint assignments including loads Table 4-1 Frame object assignments including loads Table 4-2 Area object assignments including loads Table 4-3 Solid object assignments including loads Table 4-4 Link object assignments including loads Table 4-5 Cable object assignment including loads Table 4-6 Load case types Table 4-7 As illustrated in Table 3, the program features matrices are presented in tables 4-1 though 4-6. These tables are shown on the following pages. METHODOLOGY - 23

24 Joint Assignments Restraints TABLE 4-1: JOINT ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Example s Most Constraints 1-022, 1-024, 1-025, 2-018, 6-010, Springs 1-005, Masses 1-020, 1-022, 1-023, 1-024, 1-025, 6-003, 6-006, 6-007, Local axes 1-005, 2-007, 2-010, 2-014, Panel zones Joint patterns 1-002, 2-011, 3-005, 4-004, Joint forces 1-001, 1-003, 1-004, 1-006, 1-010, 1-011, 1-012, 1-016, 1-019, 1-022, 1-026, 1-027, 1-028, 1-029, 2-002, 2-003, 2-004, 2-005, 2-007, 2-009, 2-017, 3-002, 3-003, 5-003, 5-004, 5-005, 5-012, 6-003, Joint displacements 1-005, 2-001, METHODOLOGY - 24

25 TABLE 4-2: FRAME OBJECT ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Frame Assignments Example s Non-prismatic section Frame property modifiers 1-001, 1-002, 1-004, 1-005, 1-006, 1-013, 1-014, 1-018, 1-020, 1-021, 1-024, End releases 1-007, 1-012, Partial fixity Local axes End length offsets 1-010, 6-006, 6-007, Insertion point Prestress definition P-Delta force Tension/compression limits Hinges Line springs Line mass 1-015, Automatic frame subdivide 1-006, 1-013, 1-014, 1-015, 1-017, 1-019, Gravity load Point load 1-001, 1-004, 1-007, 1-011, 1-013, Distributed load 1-001, 1-003, 1-008, 1-015, 1-016, 1-018, 2-012, Temperature load 1-002, Prestress load Frame self weight 1-006, METHODOLOGY - 25

26 TABLE 4-3: AREA OBJECT TYPE AND ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Area Type and Assignments Example s Shell type area object through Plane type area object through Asolid type area object through Stiffness modifiers 2-008, 2-012, Local axes Area springs Area Mass Automatic area mesh 2-008, 2-016, Gravity load (all) Uniform load (shell) 2-005, Uniform load to frames (shell) Surface pressure (all) 2-010, 2-011,3-004, 4-001, Pore pressure (plane, asolid) 3-005, Temperature load (all) 2-013, Rotate load (asolid) Wind pressure coefficients (shell) General prestress applied to area objects METHODOLOGY - 26

27 TABLE 4-4: SOLID OBJECT ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Solid Assignments Example s Local axes Surface springs Automatic solid mesh Gravity load Surface pressure load 5-005, Pore pressure load Temperature load General prestress applied to solid objects METHODOLOGY - 27

28 TABLE 4-5: LINK OBJECT TYPE AND ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Link Type and Assignments Example s Linear link 6-001, 6-005, Multilinear elastic link Gap (compression only) link Hook (tension only) link Damper link 6-005, 6-006, 6-007, Plastic (Wen) link Plastic (kinematic) link Rubber isolator link Friction isolator link Frequency dependent link Local axes Gravity load 6-008, TABLE 4-6: CABLE OBJECT TYPE AND ASSIGNMENT MATRIX Link Type and Assignments Example s Cable element 7-001, Cable net Rubber isolator link Friction isolator link Frequency dependent link Uniform load 7-001, Temperature load METHODOLOGY - 28

29 Load case type Linear static TABLE 4-7: LOAD CASE TYPE MATRIX Example s Most Multi-step static Nonlinear static Nonlinear static with construction sequence loading Nonlinear static with large displacements Modal for eigenvectors 1-012, 1-016, 1-017, 1-026, 6-002, 6-003, 6-004, 6-008, 6-009, 7-001, 7-002, , 1-029, 2-018, , 1-017, 1-020, 1-021, 1-022, 1-023, 1-024, 1-025, Modal for ritz vectors 6-006, 6-007, 6-010, Response spectrum 1-020, 1-022, 1-024, Linear transient modal time history Linear periodic modal time history Nonlinear transient modal time history Linear direct integration time history Nonlinear direct integration time history 1-022, 6-001, , 6-005, 6-006, 6-007, 6-010, , 6-001, , 6-005, 6-006, 6-007, 6-010, Moving load Buckling 1-019, 2-016, 2-017, Steady state 1-015, Power spectral density METHODOLOGY - 29