Designing Ambitious NAMAs in Buildings Energy Efficiency

Transcription

1 Designing Ambitious NAMAs in Buildings Energy Efficiency Mitigation Action Implementation Network (MAIN) Fourth Asia Regional Dialogue on the Development of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions January 2015 Bali, Indonesia Curt Garrigan UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics

2 Transforming the Building Sector

3 UNEP-SBCI Policy Review Policy tools in 4 groups Control & regulatory Standards, procurement, EE obligations, DSM, certification Economic and market-based Energy performance contracting, EE certificate schemes, CDM Fiscal instruments Taxation, tax cuts, subsidies, loans Information and voluntary Voluntary agreements, education campaigns, detailed billing 3

4 Reporting,Tools & Data Tools development Policy Models Carbon Metric Country level baseline and State of Play reviews Mexico India S. Africa SE Asia Thailand Singapore Malaysia Brunei Darusallam Malaysia Myanmar Vietnam The Philippines Indonesia Support for policy-makers and industry Sustainable Buildings Protocol Pilot projects

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6 NAMA Development for the Building Sector in Asia International Climate Initiative- NAMA Development for the Building Sector UNEP developed a five year project, funded by Germany s Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMU) to facilitate building sector mitigation actions in Asia, assisting Indonesia, The Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam, and to develop a sector-specific MRV methodology based on UNEP-SBCI s Common Carbon Metric.

7 NAMA Development for the Building Sector in Asia

8 NAMA Development for the Building Sector in Asia Barriers- Sub-sectors Public Buildings Lack of understanding and/or analysis of building performance Lack of Awareness Lack of Incentives at departmental/ministry level Disconnect capital/operating budgeting Lack of design or performance standards for performance Lack of Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) criteria/guidelines

9 NAMA Development for the Building Sector in Asia Residential Buildings Barriers- Sub-sectors Lack of Awareness Access to finance Lack of building standards Limited guidance to market Reluctance to regulate/enforce Risk Capacity to enforce Highest consumption from post-occupancy installations Decision based on lowest cost (inefficient) equipment, especially in entry market Reactive market (actions triggered by equipment failures) Low penetration rates in available EE finance and/or incentive programmes

10 NAMA Development for the Building Sector in Asia Commercial Buildings Barriers- Sub-sectors Lack of Awareness Market competitiveness/financing Lack of building standards Limited guidance to market Reluctance to regulate/enforce Risk Capacity to enforce Split incentives Limited understanding/uptake of available technologies Access Expertise/operations

11 NAMA Development for the Building Sector in Asia Needs Common Information and Data Energy Audits Incentives Enforcement and Compliance Inter-Agency cooperation Consumer Awareness Benchmarks Quality Assurance/Quality Control Reduce Cost of Expertise Minimum Energy Performance Standards Capacity Building Supporting Legislation Business Case Finance Monitoring Increase Renewables Address Different Challenges of New and Existing Buildings Also address issues of Resource Efficiency- Water, Waste, Material Use

12 Develop Strong Goal for NAMA To develop a NAMA Programme in the Building Sector which will assist in realizing the potential for energy savings and significant GHG emission reductions through ambitious policy actions, resulting in high-performing public, residential and commercial buildings, and contribute to overall climate strategies and targets. The NAMA Programme will foster ambitious actions that will have transformative impacts on the building and construction market, stimulate innovation, and create market certainty to encourage a wide range of investments.

13 Regulation- Minimum Environmental Performance Standards (Ambition: HIGH) Strengthen enforcement of minimum performance standards and existing building codes for all building types (Residential, Commercial, Public/Institutional) Determine actions in sub-sectors with greatest potential to achieve impact at scale, deliver co-benefits, transform markets Develop a transition plan to performance based codes which facilitate integrated, energy efficient and cost effective building designs that achieve an overall energy performance standard. Transition plan must include developing internal capacities at various levels of jurisdiction, research support, and training/awareness raising in private sector Targeted Trainings for Regulators, Codes Officials, Business and Industry Councils Possible financial support/incentives for transition period Stimulate industry response, invention and action. Market penetration for efficient products and solutions. Create market certainty for investment Mitigation Potential Market Transformation Innovation Co-Benefits

14 Leadership- Public Buildings (Ambition: Potentially HIGH) Establish an Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings programme to demonstrate leadership, raise awareness, and stimulate market: Assess the performance of existing public buildings, establish benchmarks for new buildings and determine steps to realize ambitious targets for retrofitting and new construction. Initial Actions Data Collection and Reporting on Energy Consumption- kwh/m 2 /yr and GHG emissions Report against Performance Benchmarks that REQUIRE actions Labelling system for public buildings Institutionalize (finance and support) a mandatory Energy Audit system for all public buildings, with results-based actions Building Improvement Programme-- Identify Best and Worst Best Buildings become performance targets (for existing and baseline for future buildings); Worst Buildings evaluated for retrofit or replacement Fund Established or strengthened % of Buildings become demonstration projects to exceed target performance and incorporate renewables (achieving greater efficiency and stimulating renewable market) Mitigation Potential Market Transformation Innovation Co-Benefits

15 Applying Technologies (Potentially High) Facilitate the application of accessible EE and Renewable Energy building technologies, including deployment in public buildings to demonstrate effectiveness; Implement greater incentives for building on-site renewables, including Building-Integrated PV, Solar water heating, and where feasible district energy systems Develop technology phase-out policy by raising MEPS for appliances and equipment, and/or disincentives (tax, penalties) for inefficient equipment. Ultimate goal to remove inefficient equipment from the market. (Market intervention similar to ban on incandescent bulbs) Consider investment to foster renewable energy building products to create jobs, provide greater accessibility to renewables, and to bring products to market more rapidly and affordably; Align investments with building policies (and/or mandates for renewables) to stimulate market demand and assure return on investment Mitigation Potential Potential programme on individual technologies Market Transformation (e.g. Solar Water Heater incentives or requirement; Innovation Co-Benefits Lighting transition programmes)

16 Overcoming Data Barriers (Ambition: MEDIUM) Develop a robust building sector data collection system that supports effective policy development and provides foundation for monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of energy efficiency actions. System would have multiple users and beneficiaries, including buildings officials, climate policy-makers, financiers, building owners/developers and research institutions. Data collection can be combined with certification or labelling programs. Supports the continuous development of ambitious policies through analysis and interpretation of data Mitigation Potential Market Transformation Innovation Co-Benefits

17 Estimating Mitigation Potential: Common Carbon Metric (CCM) ISO standard developed based on CCM, providing internationally adopted approach for measurement of carbon from building operations

18 Estimating Mitigation Potential: Common Carbon Metric (CCM) Example: Based on a sampling of 307 public buildings: Through input of available data (floor area and electricity consumption), the CCM generates a CO 2 estimate 895 GWh Electricity Consumption Floor Area (conditioned and non-conditioned) 5,949,502 m 2 Estimated 479,376 tons CO 2 ~150 kwh/m 2 /year (Baseline Performance) A programme to generate Relative Target (- 25%) electricity savings would result in: 671 GWh Electricity Consumption Estimated 356,541 tons CO 2 (reduction of 122,835 tons CO 2 annually) ~112 kwh/m 2 /year (Target Performance)

19 The Sustainable Housing NAMA of Mexico- Project Concept Objective: To increase overall number of energy efficient homes Development of three performance benchmarks (and ambition levels) for residential sector: EcoCasa 1; EcoCasa 2; and EcoCasa Max (Passive House): each with associated technical and finance needs Allows for different levels of scale Costs estimated based on additional measures applied to each type of building Passive House standard facilitates market development and technology transfer Financing to address additional investment costs: Subsidies to homeowners Bridge loans to developers through revolving fund Domestic and international support

20 The Sustainable Housing NAMA of Mexico NAMA prioritized based on potential and impact: Housing stock by 2030 expected to increase by 56% over 2005 levels 1 NAMA will improve electrical, fossil fuel, and water efficiency in the residential sector by a whole house approach. From this perspective, efficiency benchmarks are set for total primary energy demand based on building type and climate. The improvements are achieved through deployment of eco-technologies, proliferation of design improvements, and utilization of efficient building materials. MRV- For each activity, gas, water and electricity consumption, room temperature, specific temperature in walls, floor and ceiling will be measured (performance) Comfort for homeowners, Access to clean energy, Capacity building in sustainability for developers and homeowners, Economic savings, green jobs, Air Quality improvements and efficient Land Use Source: UNEP-DTU Partnership NAMA Pipeline 1 National Population Council -- CONAPI

21 The Sustainable Housing NAMA of Mexico Ex. 'Aislada' Isolated Housing Specific Primary Unit (38 m2); Energy Demand Extreme hot humid kwh/m 2 /year climate (Cancun) Baseline 902 EcoCasa EcoCasa EcoCasa Max 112 Standards Additional Costs per dwelling unit (current~future) Single Glazing, Aluminum Frame, 0 mm wall/roof insulation Single Glazing, Aluminum Frame, 0/25 mm wall/roof insulation; white paint; Efficient Appliances; 1.5 solar collector USD 108~90 Double Glazing sun protection; 25/25 mm wall/roof insulation; white paint; Highly Efficient Appliances; 1.5 solar collector USD 412~203 Triple glazing, Cool Colours, 250/250 mm wall/roof insulation; Highly Efficient Appliances; fully solar; removable shading USD 1426~628 Source: CONAVI Mexican National Housing Commission (Supported by GIZ- Project in the framework of the International Climate Initiative

22 The Sustainable Housing NAMA of Mexico Source: CONAVI Mexican National Housing Commission (Supported by GIZ- Project in the framework of the International Climate Initiative

23 The Sustainable Housing NAMA of Mexico Additional NAMAs being developed following Sustainable Housing: Low-Emission Schools- Plan to reach 500 schools by 2018 Sustainable Housing Retrofits Solar Water Heaters Urban NAMA to expand scope of Housing NAMA to achieve higher efficiency and other elements of urban environment: water consumption, sewage, waste management, street lighting Various levels of development (preparation, seeking support, etc) Additional potential to maximise potential in buildings/cities Source: UNEP-DTU Partnership NAMA Pipeline

24 Thank you Project Contacts: Curt Garrigan, Project Coordinator (UNEP-DTIE) Tunnie Srisakulchairak, Project Manager (UNEP-ROAP)