Research Project Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus in Leh, Ladakh, India

Transcription

1 Chair Department of Urban of Civil, Water Geo Systems and Environmental Engineering Engineering Department Technical University of Civil, Geo of Munich and Environmental Engineering Towards the Nexus City Research Project Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus in Leh, Ladakh, India Dr. Daphne Keilmann-Gondhalekar & Prof. Jörg E. Drewes Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, (TUM), Germany 1

2 Case study: Leh Town, Ladakh, Indian Himalaya Project on-going since 2012 Semi-arid high-altitude region Upper Indus river valley ca. 60,000 population M. Wieland 2

3 Background: Urban water challenge Set of complex challenges Integrated urban planning needed Climate change Mitigation Adaptation Synergies editor/ea/handbuch-klimaschutz.jpg Leveraging on synergy opportunities to design solutions by 2030: Hoff,

4 Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus approach: urban water reclamation with resource recovery as key WEF Nexus (Hoff, 2011) key opportunities: Potential recovery of water, energy and nutrients: links the water, energy and food sectors directly Potential synergies of climate change mitigation and adaptation Water and energy conservation through more closed loops Decentralized systems can be complementary to centralized systems Then, greater adaptive capacity of cities due to more flexibility of systems, in view of climate change related water-uncertainty Support implementation of SDGs Few implemented examples exist at city or neighbourhood scales: WEF Nexus pilot projects urgently needed to test / monitor efficacy 4

5 Patterns of urbanization from WEF Nexus view Urbanization pattern Infrastructure type Environmental result Tentative IPCC scenario? 1. Rapidly transforming cities Linear systems use resources only once Environmental pollution and degradation RCP Business as usual most Western cities Large linear systems use too much water and energy (Local) environmental protection but too many resources from Hinterland RCP Increasingly closed loops Piecemeal innovation Partial environmental improvement RCP Circular city systems or Nexus City Complete resource recovery: Zero waste and emissions Environment rejuvenation RCP2.6 Research question: how can we skip directly from 1 to 4 by 2030? 5

6 WEF Nexus project in Leh, India Rapid tourism growth Water demand growth Water pollution issue 2017: tourists 2005: 1,5 MLD 2017: 3-4 MLD (public) MLD (private) Inadequate wastewater management: groundwater is being polluted Regular stakeholder meetings with local government since

7 WEF Nexus project recommendations in Leh Centralized sewage system under construction Decentralized alternative system pilot project proposed

8 Decentralized alternative option in Leh Water demand o 21 Hotels and guesthouses o 29 Households Wastewater production o m 3 /d o Strong seasonal fluctuation: winter only ca. 7 m 3 /d 8

9 Multiple benefits of decentralized alternative Size of Constructed Wetland ca m 2 Water reclamation o 1-2 ha of cabbage could be irrigated o Decrease in energy for pumping surface water Energy production o 5-8 m 3 /d methane à energy for cooking for people per day Nutrient recovery for food production o Organic fertilizer to replace synthetic fertilizer: 12 tons/year o Phosphorus recovery This option can support water, energy and food security in Leh 9

10 Western cities also need innovative solutions Example Munich: very dense urban fabric block type Heat island effect already a public health risk Centralized sewage system needs extensive repairs Climate change projections for Bavaria. Source: Bayerische Klimaanpassungsstrategie, StMUV, 2016

11 Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering What if? scenario Urban green infrastructure can help cool micro-climate Urban agriculture may cover part of demand for fresh & BIO fruits and vegetables Rainwater and reclaimed water can be used for agriculture irrigation or toilet flushing Decentralized energy production may be a potential This option can support water, energy and food security in Munich

12 Ongoing WEF Nexus project activities March 2017: 1 st WEF Nexus Workshop in collaboration with Water Future Programme, Indo-German Centre for Sustainability at IIT Madras, Chennai, India July 2017: Invited talk at UNESCAP 7 th Regional Nexus Workshop, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia August 2017: Invited talk at Future Earth / Water Future Water Solutions Lab Workshop, IISc, Bangalore, India October 2017: 2 nd WEF Nexus Workshop at German House in Delhi with city representatives and invited talk at German House for Science and Innovation waterfuture Sustainable Water Future Programme February 2018: Joint funding proposal submitted to EU Horizon 2020 EU-India water cooperation result pending

13 Thank you! For more information please contact or visit: or Nexus Film: "If not now, when? Planning for the urban Water-Energy- Food Nexus, Duration: 18 minutes, Link: Password: wefnexusleh