Legislations & the future of the seed industry in Egypt

Transcription

1 Legislations & the future of the seed industry in Egypt I greatly acknowledge the past work of many authors but mainly Dr. Hamdino, Dr. J.De lueche & Dr. D.Kerz Adel Yaseen

2 Khun-Anup The Eloquent Peasant

3 The Eloquent Peasant In the British Museum in London. Helps us understand the Ancient Egyptian s sense of right and wrong.

4 Ma at EGYPTIAN GODDESS The daughter of the sun god Ra, she was associated with Thoth, god of Wisdom. In its abstract sense, Ma at was the divine order established at creation and reaffirmed at the accession of each king of Egypt. In setting Ma at order in place of the disorder, the king played the role of the sun god. Ma at stood at the heaod f the sun god s bark as it traveled through the sky and the underworld. Although aspects of kingship and a Ma at were at times subjected to criticism and reformulation, the principles underlying these two institutions were fundamental to ancient Egyptian life and thought and endured to the end of ancient Egyptian history. Maat or Ma at refers to the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Symbol: The ostrich feather Parents: Ra Major cult center: All ancient Egyptian cities Consort: Thoth (in some accounts)

5 The concept of Ma at: Ma at was the central premise of Egyptian stability. It was the concept of order, truth and justice, and it formed the overriding principle of harmony. Egyptians believed that living in accordance with Ma at would achieve harmony with Gods and also would assure a place in the after world. The pharaoh was believed to be an essential entity in the Ma at, If his world remained harmonium then so too would the peoples of Egypt. To all the lawyers and decisions were aimed at appeasing the harmony of Ma at and maintaining order, truth and justice.

6 Seed Industry in Ancient Egypt Seeds were recognized for yield improvement Some seed selection / trade Cleaning using manual sieves. Baskets and silos were used to store seeds mixed with ashes.

7 Seeds Market in Egypt in Tons Year Crop 2017 Imported Field Crops Seeds 5,913 Local Field Crops Seeds 134,394 Imported Vegetable Seeds 581 Local Vegetable Seeds 121 Local Potato Seeds 137,835 Imported Potato Seeds 155,003

8 Registered Varieties Private Government Total Vegetable varieties Field crops varieties Total 1, ,313

9 Registered Corn Seeds Yellow White Total Private Government Single X WX All hybrids

10 Vegetable registered varieties Varieties Private Government Total 1 Beans Melon Cantaloupe Pepper Cucumber Carrot Squash Tomatoes Eggplant potatoes Watermelon Cabbage Lettuce Sweet potato Grafting assets

11 Vegetable registered varieties (continued) Varieties Private Government Total 16 Peas Radish Cauliflower Cowpea Okra Broad bean Broccoli Garlic Table beet Sweet corn Onions Strawberries Turnip Total

12 Field crops registered varieties Varieties Private Government Total 1 Broad bean Rice Maize Sorghum Wheat Sugar beet Cotton Flax Safflower Barley Peanut Soybean Sunflower Onion Chickpea Alfalfa Clover Canola Sugar Cane Lentil Quinoa Total

13 Seed Legislations in Contemporary Egypt Cotton seed (unit) was established in Unit was progressively upgraded to a branch in Directorate Under secretariat in 1980 (CASA)) Central administration for seed affaires

14 Laws and regulations Seed Law no 5 of 1926 Seed law no 123 of 1946 Seed law no 52 of 1957 Seed law no 53 of 1966 : Cotton seed production. : Seed production of other major crops. : To regulate testing and handing. : An all-inclusive act gave MARL statutory responsibility in Egypt

15 Winds of privatization This started in 80 s. Separate certification from production CASP and CASC. Establish an independent agency for testing and release. Make ARC focus on research. Stimulate seed association (s) to exchange views with government.

16 Seed Certifications CASC. Implements seed quality control. Seed certification. And generally law enforcement. It has 5 general directorates.

17 CASC Seed measures and developments. Field inspections & testing. Seed testing affairs in the governorates. Gins and Oil mills. Seed certification. A numerous number of decrees, especially decree no 368 of Four classes of seeds breeder, foundations certified 1 and certified labs in governorates & 3 main central labs all ISTA certified. CASC charges fees.

18 Variety evaluation & registration (VRC) Permanent secretariat is appointed from CASC. Members come from ARC institutions and various MARL heads in addition to ESIA, Egyptian plant breeders association, and universities. Head is the president of ARC. ARC has the capacity needed. Attempt to avoid conflict of interest have so far not succeeded. VRC meets quarterly. In line with OECD, UPOV, WTO /TRIPS agreement.

19 Phytosanitary (CAPQ) Brown rot disease. Aflatoxins in peanuts. Plant quarantine. A huge organization of well organized labs and employees. In contact with CASC, IPPC (international plant protection convention) and has a wide mandate. This includes lists of seed born pathogens and testing using ISTA standard operations.

20 Plant Variety Protection Only since 2002 a new law no 82/2002 established full right for the breeder. Legislation was in chapter 4 of the law. A ministerial decree issued in 2003 established an office for PVP in CASC. A new law allowing Egypt to become a member in UPOV is in time for parliamentary discussion.

21 National Seed Council Ministerial decree no 820 of To advise MARL And to lead, guide and monitor reforms in the seed sector.

22 Agricultural Seeds Committee (ASC) Gives import/export permissions Based on seed law number 43/1966 Number of seeds traders about 12,000 Number of registered seeds companies is about 100 Imports are mainly vegetable seeds, oil seeds and sugar beet seeds. Exports are mainly Egyptian clover, leafy crops seeds & hybrid vegetable seeds. Export markets are Pakistan, India, Gulf & Netherlands.

23 Biotechnology 1992: Egypt adopts Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). 1994: Egypt ratifies CBD. 1995: Ministerial decree no 85 establishing National Biosafety Committee (NBC). 1995: Decree 136 establishing obligation to obtain permit from NBC. 1997: decree 242 requiring the necessity to obtain approval from Supreme Council on Food Safety (SCFS). 1998: Decree 1648, protocol for GM seeds registration. 2003:Egypt ratifies Cartagena Protocol (CPB).

24 Biotechnology (Continued) 2006: Decree 767 established the National Competent Authority. 2007: Decree 19 nominated new members and the secretariat for NBC. 2008: Commercialization of Egypt s first and Africa s second Biotech seed. It was a Bt- Corn variety Ajeeb YG by Fine Seeds. 2011: Commencement of a devilish plan for the destruction of modern Egypt (25 Jan 2011). 2011: Ajeeb YG supplies interrupted (twice). 2013: The people of Egypt rise on June 30th and impeach, with the help of the army, the rule of the implanted religious fascism. 2018: A draft Biosafety law is in the que in the parliament waiting for approval.

25 Egyptian Seed Industry Association (ESIA) Since inception in 2006 ESIA has: 1- Succeeded in being represented on boards of all main decision making committees in MARL. 2- Improved the environment in seed committee, VRC, assisted with UPOV, new seed law, ARC varieties release guidelines,etc. 3- And is still struggling to make to Simplify samples procedures. Simplify registration procedures. Make access to data easier.

26 Continued, Widens and strengthens the role of SC. Work on crop value chain to ascertain better seed provision to market.

27 The Future of the Seed Industry in Egypt Judging by the previously presented data, Continuing to learn from other fellow Africans experiences And trusting in our inherent Khun-anukh s spirit of the distant past of justice, balance and harmony; I trust that the future legislative milieu with seeds in Egypt, will strive from strength to strength.

28 I hope you enjoyed the presentation and thank you