Nuclear Power Made in France The Model?

Transcription

1 Nuclear Power Made in France The Model? Mycle Schneider International Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy NPEC, 15 September 2008

2 1. General Context 2. Electricity, Primary Energy, Final Energy and Oil Myth 2. Overcapacities and Peak Load Trap 3. Electricity Trade 4. Plutonium Glut 5. Public Opinion

3 Nuclear Power in the World By Country (as of September 2008) + 5 countries (11 units) = 15 countries stable 11 countries, incl. France (218 units or 50%) Sources: IAEA-PRIS 2008, BP 2008, WNA 2008, MSC 2008

4 Nuclear France 58 PWR 1 FBR ca. 260 Facilities with >1 SQs of Nuclear Material Source: M.Schneider, Y.Marignac (WISE-Paris), Reprocessing in France, IPFM 2008

5 Coal Oil Gas Electricity Renewables& Source: DGEMP 2008

6 Source: French Ministry of Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development, Bilan Energie 2007, 2008

7 Adjusted Level of French Energy Independence in 2007 Mtoe Level of Energy Independence Nuclear Primary Energy Generation other Primary Energies (Renewables, etc) % a) Electricity exports 56.8 TWh b) Nuclear auto-consumption ca. 18 TWh Primary Energy Generation/Independence % c) Nuclear final energy contribution + Renewables + Coal, oil, gas Final Energy Generation/Independence I % d) - imports e) + Plutonium & reprocessed uranium credit Final Energy Generation/Independence II % Source:

8 Mycle Schneider : Quelle couleur pour quel secteur

9 CO2 Emissions by Sector in France from 1970 to 2004 (million tons of carbon)

10 Electricity Consumption in France

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12 French Electricity Trade RTE, Statistiques 2007, 2008

13 EDF Restarts 30-Year Old Oil Fired Power Plants Oil Plant Capacity Original Mothballed Restart Start-up Porcheville MW Porcheville MW Cordemais MW 1976? 2007 Aramon MW? Total 2600 MW EDF operates its oil fired power plants between 200 h et 1500 h per year.

14 AREVA s Representation of the «Cycle» Source:

15 s and Materials Generated in the Chain Mining Milling Ore Conversion Enrichment Natural UF 6 fabrication Enriched UO 2 Reactor use UOX Chain Storage Disposal Tailings Depleted U 3 O 8 ~VLLW ~LLW WISE-Paris

16 s and Materials Generated in the Chain Mining Milling Ore Conversion Enrichment Natural UF 6 AREVA NC La Hague: 750 acres, 6,000 people fabrication Enriched UO 2 Reactor use UOX Reprocessing Chain Storage Disposal Tailings Depleted U 3 O 8 ~VLLW ~LLW WISE-Paris

17 s and Materials Generated in the Chain Mining Milling Ore Conversion Enrichment Natural UF 6 fabrication Enriched UO 2 Reactor use UOX Reprocessing Chain Reprocessing Storage Disposal Tailings Depleted U 3 O 8 Vitrified Structure Process ~VLLW ~LLW ILW ILW WISE-Paris

18 Mining Milling Conversion Enrichment Natural UF6 fabrication Enriched UO2 UOX Depleted Separated UO2 Plutonium PuO2 Storage Disposal Reprocessing Ore Reactor use s and Materials Generated in the Chain MOX MOX Tailings Depleted U3O8 Vitrified Structure MOX Scrap Process Separated Plutonium PuO2 Chain Reprocessing Plutonium Re-use ILW ~VLLW ~LLW ILW WISE-Paris

19 Mining Milling s and Materials Generated in the Chain Reprocessed UF6 Ore Conversion Enrichment RE-RepU UO2 fabrication Enriched UO2 Reactor use Natural UF6 UOX Reprocessed U Nitrate Depleted Separated UO2 Plutonium PuO2 RE-RepU MOX Depleted RE-RepU U3O8 ~LLW Reprocessed U3O8 Reprocessing Storage Disposal RE-RepU Tailings Depleted U3O8 Vitrified Structure ~ILW MOX MOX Scrap Process Separated Plutonium PuO2 Chain Reprocessing Plutonium Re-use Re-use ILW ~VLLW ~LLW ILW WISE-Paris

20 Mining Milling s and Materials Generated in the Chain Reprocessed UF6 Ore Conversion Enrichment RE-RepU UO2 fabrication Enriched UO2 Reactor use Natural UF6 UOX Reprocessed U Nitrate Depleted Separated UO2 Plutonium PuO2 RE-RepU MOX ILW LLW Depleted RE-RepU U3O8 ~LLW Reprocessed U3O8 Reprocessing Storage Disposal Operational RE-RepU Tailings Depleted U3O8 Vitrified Structure ~ILW MOX MOX Scrap Process Separated Plutonium PuO2 Chain Reprocessing Plutonium Re-use Re-use Operation ILW ~VLLW ~LLW ILW WISE-Paris

21 Mining Milling s and Materials Generated in the Chain Conversion Enrichment RE-RepU UO2 fabrication Reactor use Natural UF6 Enriched UO2 UOX Reprocessed U Nitrate Operational RE-RepU Depleted Separated UO2 Plutonium PuO2 RE-RepU MOX LLW VLLW ILW LLW Depleted RE-RepU U3O8 ~LLW Reprocessed U3O8 Reprocessing Storage Disposal Decommissioning Reprocessed UF6 Ore Tailings Depleted U3O8 Vitrified Structure MOX Scrap Process ~LLW ILW Separated Plutonium PuO2 ILW ~VLLW ~ILW MOX Chain Reprocessing Plutonium Re-use Re-use Operation Decommissioning WISE-Paris

22 Separated Plutonium Shipments in France Source:WISE-Paris

23 Fresh MOX Shipments in France Source:WISE-Paris

24 Foreign Stored at La Hague as of 31 December 2007, in kilograms (!) Note: Total quantity stored: 8,849 tons (!), 99.8% French. Source: AREVA NC, March 2008

25 Number of «Moxed» Reactors in France

26 Metric Tons Growth of French Separated Plutonium Stock

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28 Public Opinion on Nuclear Power in the EU Gallup, Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy, European Commission, DG TREN, April 2007

29 The European public is still strongly opposed to the use of nuclear power; those who are worried about climate change are even more fiercely opposed. Gallup, Attitudes on issues related to EU Energy Policy, European Commission, DG TREN, April 2007

30 Conclusions Nuclear power covers 77% of electricity, <40% of primary energy; only 16% of final energy (oil still covers about half); France consumes more oil per capita than Germany, the UK, Italy or the EU on average and EDF reactivates 2,600 MW of 30- to 40-year old oil fired power plants; France accumulates a record foreign trade deficit of over $70 billion in 2007, Germany hits a record trade surplus of over $300 billion; EPR construction in Finland: after three years construction, two years behind schedule and 50% or $2.2 billion over budget; similar problems at the French Flamanville site; safety authorities halted concreting for almost two months because of significant quality control issues; France has piled up >50 tons of plutonium, which has no book value; Negligible new foreign reprocessing (Italy, 250t) and EDF did not sign up for a new long term contract yet because of increasing cost pressure. French public is as skeptical as in the rest of Europe.