AWAKENING PV IN MEXICO

Transcription

1 AWAKENING PV IN MEXICO Y. Matsumoto 1, J. Agredano 2, A. Sánchez 3 and J. A. Urbano 1 1 Research Center for Advanced Studies, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico 2 Electrical Research Institute, IIE, Palmira Morelos, Mexico 3 Energy Research Center, CIE-UNAM, Temixco Morelos, Mexico Chichen-Itza, Yucatan El Castillo

2 103 million inhabitants 2 million km 2 of territory Mexico Average solar radiation ~ 5.0 kw-h/m 2 per day The conventional grid electricity covers almost 97%

3 Outline Hydrocarbon and energy dependence Opportunity areas for Renewable Energy Renewable Energy in Mexico; 2006 Energy Sector in the Clean Developt Mechanism The Regulatory and Political Context Installed PV ( ) General Framework National Program R & D Implementation Market Development Future Outlook

4 Hydrocarbon and energy dependence Electrycity generation Energy consumption (mill kj/person) Mexico is hydrocarbon producer and exporter: ~ 3 million barrel a day In 2007, the national oil company announced an important reduction in their production capacity of about 12% due to the country s proven oil reserve shortages

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6 Opportunity areas for Renewable Energy Wind farms Electricity generation with Methane Landfills Manure in farms (cows, porks, etc) Water treatment systems Minihydro and Geothermal Solar hot-water systems for residential and hopital uses, among others PV systems for rural electrification and pumping Efficient use of ovens in the rural sector: wood Cogeneration in sugar industry, and others

7 Renewable Energy in Mexico; 2006 RE Installed capacity: 10,575 MW Hydroelectric: 9,600 MW Geothermal: 845 MW Biogas: 18 MW Solar PV: 19.7 MW Wind: 85 MW Minihydro: 8 MW

8 Energy Sector in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) The Importance of CDM for the National Renewable Energy Market Estimations of the National Ecology Institute, INE, Mexico has GHG emissions potential reduction of ~ 81 million tonnes/yr The CDM market, would bring economic benefits of around 300 ~ 400 million Euros/yr

9 The regulatory and political context Mexico ratified Climate Change Convention in 1993 and Kyoto Protocol in 2000 Committments of Mexico in the Kyoto Protocol: As a Non Annex I party; (No quantitative obligations to emission reduction) However: Must implement GHG mitigation programs Needs to decrease the emissions intensity (emissions / energy consumption)

10 Outline Hydrocarbon and energy dependence Opportunity areas for Renewable Energy Renewable Energy in Mexico; 2006 Energy Sector in the Clean Developt Mechsm The regulatory and political context Installed PV ( ) General Framework National Program R & D Implementation Market DevelopmentFuture Outlook

11 25 20 Installed PV power PV tendency in Mexico ( ) Cumulative ~ 20.0 MW Mega Watt Installed 0.13 MW Average ~1MW/yr Installed Year PV power in Mexico ~2006 kw Year Rural Electrification Water Pumping Grid Connected Communication,etc Others Accumulated/Yr

12 GENERAL FRAMEWORK Rural electrification remains as the major PV application Grid connected PV systems appeared as a new market segment The GEF-supported program for agricultural applications ended in 2005 FIRCO (Risk Shared Thrust),is in charge of this program, reported consolidation in more than 800 additional installation without financial support

13 NATIONAL PROGRAM The initiative for a new law to foster RE resources is still pending on approval by Senate Even though, there is no specific mention of PV New rural electrification program with RE, to be co-funded by the GEF, the World Bank and the Mexican Government In about 50 % of the communities, PV could be the best technical and economical alternative

14 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Technical guidelines for PV grid-interconnection interconnection systems of up to 30 kwp in capacity were drafted PV module Assembly factories have been in production for several years, mostly in the northern US-Mexico border under the maquiladora scheme, (only exportation) The first PV module assembling plant for the internal and Latinamerica s market is planned to start operations in southern Mexico

15 PV training courses at CIE-UNAM for design, installation and maintenance of PV systems

16 IMPLEMENTATION Baja California State Government launched an initiative to build 500 PV low-income houses in northwest Mexico; Grid-connected PV array of 1 kwp each Aims to test innovative financial mechanisms, including net-metering metering: The first phase of the initiative will consist of 220 such installations The city of Mexicali is located in a desert valley and it is expected ected that PV can help shave midday summer peaks in the use domestic air conditioners

17 (2006) Valle de Las Misiones PV roof project in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico

18 MARKET DEVELOPMENT Mexican PV market during 2006 was a little below 1 MWp 511 kwp Rural electrification 33 kwp Water pumping systems with a total capacity 110 kwp Grid connected PV systems 55 kwp Telecommunications, off-shore oil platforms, cathodic protection, and eco-tourism 340 kw Non defined off grid applications Thus, the cumulative PV capacity installed in Mexico by the end of 2006 was ~19.7 MWp.

19 Typical PV water pumping system installed under the FIRCO s program. The PV systems has a power of 2.4 kwp

20 FUTURE OUTLOOK Grid-connected PV is attracting attention at the national electric utility Forthcoming changes in the regulatory framework allowing net-metering technology A new Rural Electrification program is bound to start: PV doubtless will play an important contribution ~ 50 % of the 50,000 houses to be electrified

21 Thank you for your attention