Renewable Hydrogen Energy Development in Wales

Transcription

1 Renewable Hydrogen Energy Development in Wales H2NET Summer Meeting 12th July 2007 Jon Maddy Sustainable Environment Research Centre University of Glamorgan

2 University of Glamorgan - Sustainable Environment Research Centre (SERC) 32 multi-disciplinary research staff from fourteen countries

3 Bio Hydrogen Hydrogen Energy Microbial Fuel Cells Bio Energy Anaerobic Digestion Waste Treatment Monitoring

4 Bio Hydrogen Hydrogen Energy Microbial Fuel Cells Bio Energy Anaerobic Digestion Waste Treatment Monitoring

5 Bio Hydrogen Hydrogen Energy Microbial Fuel Cells Bio Energy Anaerobic Digestion Wastewater Treatment Research Unit WWTRU Waste Treatment Monitoring

6 Hydrogen & Energy Policy Clean hydrogen energy supports the policy objectives the Welsh Assembly Government WAG supportive of clean hydrogen energy developments Industrial / Automotive base + Renewables drive Wales well placed to take advantage

7 Renewable hydrogen production routes* Electrolysis - electricity from wind, wave, tidal, hydro, solar pv + O 2 Photolysis + O 2 Biophotolysis - (algae) water + O 2 Pyrolysis/gasification - biomass (woody) syngas Photo-fermentation - biomass (wet) Dark fermentation - biomass (wet) + CO 2 (neutral) + CO 2 (neutral) (*not considering nuclear or CO 2 sequestration)

8 Renewable hydrogen production routes* Electrolysis - electricity from wind, wave, tidal, hydro, solar pv + O 2 Photolysis Biophotolysis - (algae) water SERC Research + O 2 + O 2 Pyrolysis/gasification - biomass (woody) syngas Photo-fermentation - biomass (wet) + CO 2 (neutral) Dark fermentation - biomass (wet) + CO 2 (neutral) (*not considering nuclear or CO 2 sequestration)

9 Renewable hydrogen production routes* Electrolysis - electricity from wind, wave, tidal, hydro, solar pv + O 2 Photolysis + O 2 SERC Biophotolysis - (algae) water Research + O 2 Pyrolysis/gasification - biomass (woody) syngas Photo-fermentation - biomass (wet) + CO 2 (neutral) Dark fermentation - biomass (wet) + CO 2 (neutral) (*not considering nuclear or CO 2 sequestration)

10 Bio-hydrogen Production in a two stage Anaerobic system Combined fuel Biohyrogen Biomethane +CO 2 CH 4 +CO 2 Biomass feedstock Hydrogen Reactor Fermentation End Products Optimised Methanogenic Anaerobic Digester Stage Compost Advanced water recycling

11 Biohydrogen production: Lab scale CH 4 Successful research on continuous biohydrogen production from a range of substrates, including: Food co-products Crops Sewage sludge

12 Sustainable Production from Wheat Starch Based Co-products - Lab Scale Wheatfeed co-product of the flour milling industry Manually fed continuous operation 10 litre bioreactor with sewage sludge inoculum ph 5.5, 35 o C 15 hour HRT Lab trials showed that 64m m 3 CH 4 could be produced from 1 tonne wheatfeed

13 Sustainable Production from Wheat Starch Based Co-products - Pilot Scale Currently under construction Improved feed handling Prove energy balance & economics 1m 3 reactor 10m 3 AD reactor 0.5 Nm 3 /hr Nm 3 /hr CH 4 Barry mill ca.600 tonnes/week 12,800 Nm ,400 Nm 3 CH 4 UK production 1.2m tonnes/year Hydrogen enhanced biogas could replace 346 million litres diesel per year (UK alone) Construction of pilot scale biohydrogen plant at Barry using wheatfeed

14 SUPERGEN Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Consortium (SHEC) Collaborative EPSRC SUPERGEN project addressing Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Research focus: Hydrogen storage Socio-economic issues Sustainable production (UoG) Energy crop rotation Consortium: Oxford University; University of Glamorgan; Bath University; University of Birmingham; University of Nottingham; University of Salford; Queen Mary - London; Policy Studies Institute; Glasgow University

15 Sustainable Production from Crops - Pilot Scale Currently installing Prove energy balance & economics Scale identical to Barry pilot Sugar beet Fodder beet Perennial rye grass Forage maize The pilot scale two-stage reactor at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER) UK available land (set aside) From a rotation of selected crops, 9.6 TWh net energy could be produced per year. 1 Reduction of CO 2 emissions by over 2.3 million tonnes. 1. Martinez-Perez et al. Biomass & Bioenergy (In Press)

16 Hydrogen Energy Farm Phase I Wales and Ireland Hydrogen Energy Partnership (WIRHEP) Economic, social and environmental benefits from hydrogen / low carbon economy in rural locations Feasibility of developing facility for sustainable rural energy production in Carmarthenshire Phase II Farm scale biohydrogen reactor (slurry/grass) Electricity & heat generation Transport fuel Research & demonstration Teaching Economic development (SME) University of Glamorgan Carmarthenshire Energy Agency Waterford County Council Coleg Sir Gar Cardiff University National Botanic Gardens

17 Hydrogen production from Sewage Sludge UK produces 35 million wet tonnes sewage sludge p.a. (1.4 m dry tonnes) 1 AD yield 195 m 3 /tonne of wet sewage sludge 2.73 x 10 8 m 3 CH 4 (9.7TJ) 1 Two-stage process yield as high as 300 m 3 /tonne 2 Volatile solids destruction + increased stability + reduction in foaming 3 Anticipate up to 30% improvement in production & energy output 2 EPSRC sponsored project in collaboration with Thames Water 1.NSCA. (2006) Biogas as a Road Transport Fuel. 2. Ghosh, S. (1991) Water Science and Technology 23(7-9), Dinsdale, R.M. et al.(1997). Water Research 31(8)

18 FP6 PROJECT REMOVALS, Reduction, Modification and Valorisation of Sludge Developing strategies for the disposal and reuse of waste sludge Hydrogen Research Unit at University of Glamorgan investigating biohydrogen production from sewage sludge 3 year project A pilot scale biohydrogen reactor currently being built at UoG FP6 Project includes 16 academic and industrial partners across Europe

19 Renewable hydrogen production routes* Electrolysis - electricity from wind, wave, tidal, hydro, solar pv + O 2 Photolysis Biophotolysis - (algae) water + O 2 SERC Research + O 2 Pyrolysis/gasification - biomass (woody) syngas Photo-fermentation - biomass (wet) Dark fermentation - biomass (wet) + CO 2 (neutral) + CO 2 (neutral) (*not considering nuclear or CO 2 sequestration)

20 Baglan Renewable Hydrogen Research and Demonstration Centre

21 Baglan Project objectives Provide a facility for R, D & D of renewable hydrogen for energy storage as a transport fuel. Raise awareness of hydrogen energy. Promote further operational hydrogen energy demonstration projects. Platform for collaboration with academic and industrial partners.

22 Baglan Renewable Hydrogen Principles of operation Stationary Fuel Cell 440 bar Storage Dispenser FC Vehicle Data link LP Storage IC Vehicle Remote wind power Electrolyser Compression low stage and high stage CH4 Storage CH 4 & Mixture Dispenser /CH 4 Vehicle Phase II 2 x PV power Phase I Elec Vehicle Peak feed 72kW Electrolyser capacity 15m3/hr 14kW fuel cell Electric Recharge Point

23

24 Project Status Phase I: ERDF grant of 710k Projected cost 1.7 million Match funding secured through the University & Industrial partnership EU grant ends June revenue costs covered by University up to 2012 Planning Decision 17th July 2007 Phase II: Building consortium and raising funds

25 Renewable hydrogen projects in Wales* Aberystwyth Bio from Crops Carmarthen Energy Farm Baglan Renewable Centre Glamorgan Research Centre Existing hydrogen production facilities Renewable Hydrogen Projects Barry Bio from Wheatfeed *Only funded projects shown

26 UoG Advanced Control and Network Technology Research Unit Advanced Real-Time Computer Modelling and Control of Industrial PEM Fuel Cells Higher Education Funding Council for Wales 174K, Development of Future Automotive Technology Mobile Test Rig WAG KEF / Industrial 335K, Advanced Hydrogen Hybrid Midi Bus Energy Saving Trust /Industrial 430K,

27 Bio Hydrogen Hydrogen Energy Microbial Fuel Cells Bio Energy Anaerobic Digestion Waste Treatment Monitoring

28 Microbial Fuel Cells

29 Bio-FuelCell Consortium EPSRC SUPERGEN 5 EPSRC SUPERGEN collaborative research project on microbial fuel cells Producing a strategic, stepwise development in the area of BioFCs Themes: Microbial Fuel Cells Enzyme systems Electrode materials System Level MFCs (Cross-cutting theme) Consortium: Oxford University University of Surrey University of Glamorgan University of East Anglia Glasgow University

30 FP7 Microbial Fuel Cell Proposal: BioWATT* Main aims: Optimisation of microbial fuel cell performance Integration of microbial fuel cells with biological wastewater treatment processes Advantages: Displacement of current high energy input aerobic treatment systems Direct electrical production from effluents Academic Consortium: University of Glamorgan (UK)-Lead Ghent University (Be) University of Greifswald (D) Ecole Centrale de Lyon (Fr) Wageningen University (NL) University of Surrey (UK) Technical University of Denmark (DK) University of Ljubljana (Sl) *Grant decision pending

31